Full text of "The Fortnightly review (1912 - 1935)"

■ t

m£m i r w m

The
Fortnightly Review

Founded, Edited and Published

ARTHUR PREUSS

VOLUME XXVIII
1921

£0 $

America Press

St. Louis, Mo.

1921

The Catholic
Theological Union ^
LIBRARY
Chicago, Ilk

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

A Message
of Friendly
Advice

"Every

Investment

Service"

Invest Your Savings Today

You could hardly select a more opportune time to place your
funds, whether in —

Government, Municipal or Prime Corporation Bonds
than December, 1920

Prices of GOOD securities now reflect big
values — interest yields are from 5 to 8% in the
sound, substantial bonds and notes we offer.

Would you be relieved of detail and worry ? Why not arrange with us

to discuss the serious problem of investment ? We offer you the use

of our extensive facilities, close co-operation, the counsel, experience

and friendly interest of a long-established Investment House.

May we not help you at this important time ? We are

here to promote, to protect, YOUR INTERESTS. A

hearty welcome to you, whether you write or call !

Bowman, Cost & Company

Investment Bankers

506 Olive Street ^^ ¥&$»«£ stance St. Louis, Mo.

The New Canon Law

A COMMENTARY AND SUMMARY

REV. STANISLAUS WOYWOD, O. F. M.

With a Preface by Very Rev. Msgr. Philip Bernardini, J. U. D.

Professor of Canon Law at the Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

Complete in one volume, large 8vo, 452 pages. Cloth, net, $4.50

Added weight and authority are given to the work by the commendatory preface written for

it by the Very Reverend Monsignor Philip Bernardini, J . U. D., Professor of

Canon Law at the Catholic University in Washington.

A very full Index of Subjects enhances the usefulness of the work,
facilitating ready reference to its contents on any particular subject.

("The New Marriage Legislation?
DO YOU WISH I Tne New Laws Concerning the Clergy?
TO know \ Tne New Laws Concerning Religious?

The New Canons on the Sacraments? 1 explained in this hook

L And all other Church Laws of interest to you? J v

I The3 r are all stated
>in full and concisely

JOSEPH F. WAGNER (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

St. Louis: £. Herder Book Co.

1120

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 1

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

January 1, 1921

My Mother's Last Picture

By Charles J. Quirk, SJ.

I love this picture best of all,
For God hath made it fair;

It speaks of sorrows nobly borne, —
The benison of prayer!

Lack of Inspiration in the Teaching
Profession

The unrest and discontent now so
much in evidence have entered the
teaching world. It is said that many
teachers have become dissatisfied with
their pay and have sought more remu-
nerative employment in other fields.
The schools of America are, therefore,
tacking the desired number of teachers,
and educational work is handicapped.

A writer in the Educational Reviezv
for October, 1920, has a good deal to
say about teachers who are engaged in
their profession "just for love of the
work." He seriously questions such an
attitude, and looks upon the remark as
a harmless and inexpensive "beau
geste." He frankly states his belief that
the avowal of such teachers does not
carry much weight, and that it does not
do much honor to the profession.

It is quite true that in these days of
'The high cost of living" the pedagogue
must look to the supply of his material
wants with the same care that every
provident householder exercises. He
has a right to full remuneration for his
services to the community. He is doing
a good work whose finest results may
appear more conspicuously in later
years. He has a right to "protest" when
hi? work seems to be estimated in a nig-
gardly way.

Yet while the unrest is manifesting
itself in the teaching world and is taking
chiefly the form of a demand for "high-
er wages," there is a vast body of men
and women who are in the work for
sheer love of it. Thev neither think of.

nor receive, pay. They expect, of
course, that their material wants in the
line of food, clothing, shelter, etc., be
satisfied. But beyond this they make no
further demand. They are inspired by
a high ideal. They love their work be-
cause it gives them an opportunity for
the highest kind of service. They re-
alize that in the class-room the needs
of future moral heroism and spiritual
greatness can be sown in the hearts of
the children, and it is because they want
to do something excellent for the com-
ing generations that they are so enthu-
siastic about their work and so zealous
in its conduct.

These workers are found chiefly in
the ranks of the Catholic religious or-
ders which are devoted to education.
They have built up for us and our chil-
dren a Catholic system of education in
the United States. It was their zealous
devotion to this work that gave rise to
the saying that while great secular insti-
tutions of learning have an "endowment
of money," the Church in her religious
teaching orders has "an endowment of
men and women" who consecrate the
service of their best years to teaching
gratuitously.

There is no intention to compare the
services of these teachers with those of
educators who must look to a monetary
consideration. In the ranks of the lat-
ter we have had illustrious representa-
tives of the profession in our country.
Still no one can gainsay the fact that the
fear of not receiving sufficient remuner-
ation tends to deaden the enthusiasm of
the teacher. Keeping one's eye on a
return of dollars checks inspiration in
the work. Catholics ought to cons : der
ro sacrifice too great, if it be made to
keep up and enlarge the army of will-
ing and enthusiastic workers in their
schools.

(Rev.) Albert Muntsch, SJ.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

The High Tide of Crime

What is the cause of the present epi-
demic of crime in all parts of our coun-
try, and what is the remedy that prom-
ises at least a reasonable relief? Day-
light robberies, burglaries, murders,
wholesale shoplifting, are everyday oc-
currences in all our large cities. Train
robberies are carried out at perfect
leisure. Crime seems to be the order of
the day with a very large proportion of
our citizenship : for we cannot any
longer blame all or the greater part of
these outrages on the "uneducated for-
eigner." There is too much genuine
native American "push" and "punch"
manifested in the various operations.

What, then, is the one deep-seated
cause of the epidemic ? for there may be
secondary causes influencing this or that
particular crime, whilst the whole sin-
ister movement seems to have one single
ultimate cause. Let us ask the men of
the law, who certainly ought to know
something about the causes of crime.
Federal Judge Landis thinks that the
lax handling of our laws in regard to
influential criminals, or, rather, in re-
gard to criminals with influential politi-
cal friends, is at the bottom of the trou-
ble. In his recent address to the St.
Louis Bar Association the Judge said:
"Get the criminal, and when you have
got him, keep him." This is easily said,
but very difficult in the observance. For
grand juries may indict, and petit juries
may convict, but the paroling power
may undo the work of both.

But even if we admit that a succes-
sion of crimes may be committed by the
same individual, convicted and paroled,
or convicted in rapid sequence, still the
answer does not satisfy, as it takes the
criminal as a present fact, whereas the
question, in the last analysis, is, why
have we criminals ?

Let us then ask the educator: What
is the deeper cause of our present epi-
demic of crimes? Parents are to blame,
says a prominent member of the gu : ld.
"Fathers and mothers did not do their
duty by their children a few years ago,
and now look what is happening."

This, if true, would go nearer to the

root of the evil than the former answer.
For under the influence of the parents
we should really have, not the criminal
as such, but rather the making of the
ciiminal. Yet, is the answer correct?
In the great mass of parents there are
certainly but very few who would wish
their children a life of outlawry and
crime. On the contrary, most parents
desire nothing more earnestly than that
their offspring should become useful,
honest, upright, and helpful members of
society, and thus be a credit to their
name. Indeed, they often fail to use the
proper means of attaining this their de-
sired end, insisting too much on a cer-
tain foolish indulgence in regard to the
whims and notions of their darling?, and
far too little on their own high parental
authority derived from the Father of
All, and the duty and blessedness of
their children's submitting to the will of
father and mother. Hence a good part
of the spirit of disobedience, self-will
and fat?l self-indulgence.

But this failing in parents is not suffi-
cient to account for the manifest per-
version of so many of the youth of the
laud.

What, then, is the cause?

We find it in our much-lauded mod-
ern educational system, in our secular
schools. Not as though they taught
disregard of the moral or civil law, or
intentionally promoted it : yet, I believe
thoughtful men will agree with me when
I say that the absence of any teaching
en God, the Master of the Universe and
the Supreme Law-giver, on the wonders
of nature as the work of His hand, o r
the moral beauty and grandeur of a vir ■
tuous life, on the mysteries of death,
resurrection, and the life to come, on the
sacred and eternal truths of religion,
must have a materialistic influence upon
the youthful mind and heart, especially .
at a time when man is most impression-
able. Hour after hour, day after day,
month after month, the child hears of
nothing but what the eye can see, and
the ear can hear, and the understanding
grasp : and all these things are for the
service and use of this present life on
earth. How to make money, how to do

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

business, bow to gain power, how to
succeed in the affairs of the world, are
the sole to^ic c that enter into his school
curriculum. God and eternal Truth are
excluded by law.

The Sunday school may try to make
up for this deficiency ; but to most chil-
cren the Sunday school teaching ap-
pears as something tedious, fanciful,
unreal, being separated by a wide gulf
from the ordinary daily instructions.
Besides, how few the children, compara-
tively speaking, whom the Sunday
school can reach ! The home, too, and
I believe there are, as yet, many sincere-
ly Christian homes in the land, the home
may do a great work for the religious
training of the children ; yet, alas, expe-
rience teaches that most parents lack the
knowledge, the time, and, above all, the
interest requisite to ground their chil-
dren in the religion of Christ. A super-
ficial smattering of Bible knowledge
will not keep a child on the path of
righteousness ; it requires a deep, strong
conviction of the reality of the unseen
Avorld, of the all-seeing eye of God, and
of the dread judgment awaiting all men.

We believe that this awful neglect of
religious education in the youth just now
emerging into manhood and womanhood
is the deep-seated cause of the preva-
lence of lawlessness and crime in our
day. Whtre there is no respect for God
and His law, there can be but little re-
spect for the laws made by man. Fear
of the penalties of the law is growing
less and less. What, then, should re-
strain the seeker after quick gains and
consequent indulgence ?

"The population of the United
States," says the New York Herald,
"comprising one-seventeenth of the hu-
man beings on earth, spends annually as
much money for education as the other
rixteen-seventeenths, according to P. P.
Claxton, the United States commis-
sioner of education. The fact that we
pay out for schools as much as all the
other people in the world put together
do, is a matter of small consequence.
The fact of grave importance is that
there are adult illiterates in America
where there should be none."

And we would add, the fact of grav-
est importance is that the educational
system of a Christian land completely
ignores Him "without whom they that
build and guard the house build and
guard in vain."

(Rev.) J. ROTHEXSTEIXER

St. Louis. Mo.

Preparing for the Second World War

The chief of the United States Chem-
ical Warfare Service announces his pur-
pose to advance training in gas warfare
to a point where it will be ''impossible
for any nation to have gone further."
He expresses the opinion that his an-
nouncement will go a long way toward
deterring other nations from attempt-
ing to develop this method of extermi-
nation, in competition with the United
States, on the ground that America has
such incomparable resources and such
a fine manufacturing equipment that
the other countries will feel it futile to
enter the race.

If this is the effect of the announce-
ment, it will be the first time in history
that such a result has followed such a
warning ; for "warning" seems to be the
correct word to describe the statement
cf Brigadier-General Fries.

In fact, it cannot be forgotten that
Great Britain already has announced
her intention of carrying out precisely
the same program. And these are two
of the greatest powers that helped to
win the world war, which, we were as-
sured, was "to end war."

Evidently Colonel Repington, who
calls his book "The First World War,"
is not alone in assuming a series of such
conflicts. And as long as competitive
development of the most dreadful
weapons of annihilation, which were
supposed to be forbidden before the
world war, is allowed to go on unre-
stricted, it will not be attributable to
the wisdom and foresight of military
men and politicians if wars, more and
more destructive, do not recur.

~<$>*-

— Disraeli said : "A man is known by the
company he keeps and the cigars he gives to
his friends."

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

Democratising Industry

The September (1920) number of
Studies had an interesting article on
"The Democratic Transformation of
Industry" from the pen of Dr. John A.
Ryan of the Catholic University of
America. The writer first briefly
explained the nature of the disease in
the industrial system, and then suggest-
ed certain remedies calculated to cure it.
Our present system is fast developing
into a kind of industrial feudalism, un-
der which society appears to be perma-
nently divided into two classes — the
propertied and the propertyless. "The
general situation is that the vast major-
ity of men who begin life as employees
must resign themselves to dependence
upon wages or salaries for their liveli-
hood until the end of their working
days. And the complement of this sit-
uation is that, so far at least as urban
industry is concerned, the functions of
ownership and direction are performed
by a small minority." The great defect
of this state of affairs is that it concen-
trates the attention of both classes on
the diversity of interests, and obscures
and minimizes the community of inter-
ests between capital and labor. The re-
sults are restriction of output, industrial
friction, and social discontent.

In Dr. Ryan's opinion, there is but
one remedy for these evils — namely, "to
put labor in such a position that it will
particpate in the benefits of owner-
ship."

These benefits are chiefly three. "The
first is the direction of industrial opera-
tions; the second is the possibility of
obtaining indefinitely large gains as a
result of hard work and industrial effi-
ciency ; the third is the consciousness of
independence, security and self-respect,
and the possession of a degree of social
and political power which the property-
less man, other things being equal, can
never hope to obtain."

To secure for labor the first of these
benefits Dr. Ryan suggests participation
in management ; that is, industrial ad-
ministration. The workers in an estab-
lishment should have something to say
about the industrial side of manage-

ment . . . should take part Jo all
those phases of industrial management
which concern them directly — wages,
hours, shop conditions, discipline, etc.

The second benefit might be secured
to labor by profit-sharing ; that is, bv
giving the workers, in addition to their
wages, a part of the surplus profits. Dr%
Ryan adds the word "surplus," be-
cause he thinks it is not feasible to seek
any share for the workers till the owners
have first drawn the prevailing rate of
interest on their capital. By prevailing
rate of interest he seems to mean the
normal rate of dividend — "the rate of
interest that can generally be obtained
on investments of normal security."

The benefits under the third heading,
namely, personal independence, security
and social power, can only be derived
from ownership itself. Sole proprietor-
ship of an individual business is, of
course, out of the question for the great
majority of industrial workers ; but co-
operative ownership, which is quite feas-
ible, will secure the same benefits.

Such, in bare outline, are the changes
recommended by Dr. Ryan for the dem •
ocratization and stabilization of the in-
dustrial system. The present state of
affairs cannot last. "There are only
two conceivable alternatives : one is So-
cialism ; the other is co-operative con-
trol and ownership by the workers of
the greater part of industry. Reforms
which will merely better the conditions
of life and labor of the wage-earner
. . . will have no permanent value.
What the worker needs is a change of
status."

In a discussion of Dr. Ryan's paper
in the Irish Theological Quarterly (No.
60), another writer, presumably Dr.
Kelleher, says :

"Few will question the desirability
and urgency of the changes recommend-
ed by Dr. Ryan. Thev are excellent re-
forms as far as they go ; and they go, it
may be admitted, as far as actual reform
\l likely to go for some years to come.
Still, we doubt if a final settlement can
ever be achieved without more far-
reaching reforms than those adumbrated
in Dr. Ryan's article. In saying that

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

'what the worker needs is a change of
status,' Dr. Ryan has undoubtedly
struck the right note. But will the re-
forms that he suggests bring about, even
in time, that change of status? We do
not doubt that 'co-operative control and
ownership by the workers of the greater
part of industry' would, if achieved,
change the whole status of the working-
man ; but we can see little hope of any
substantial advance in that direction,
until the grip of the present owning
class on the world's capital is first loos-
ened by preliminary reform. It is here
that Dr. Ryan's article appears to be
weak. It seems to us that the prelim-
inary reforms that he suggests are not
sufficiently drastic to loosen that grip
appreciably. In a word, we fail to see
how co-operative ownership by the now
propertyless wage-earners can be estab-
lished on any considerable scale, while
the feudal lords of industry — even if
they concede to labor a voice in indus-
trial administration and a share of the
surplus profits — still maintain the rest of
their privileges, and the practical mo-
nopoly of capital which these privileges
confer.

"Again, a voice in the regulation of
hours, discipline and such other things
as 'directly' concern them is, of course,
something. gained for the workers. But
are they not also deeply interested in the
things that concern them indirectly?
Why, for instance, should the capitalist
alone have a voice in the policy of
production? . . . While the capitalist
controls the credit and policy of pro-
duction, a voice in industrial adminis-
tration can do little for the wage-earners
beyond making their dependence a little
more tolerable.

"Again, the sharing of surplus profits
does not bring us very far. From Dr.
Ryan's definition of 'surplus profits' it
seems .to follow that in the average es-
tablishment there will be no surplus to
divide, so long as the standard of effi-
ciency remains at its present level. If
there is to be a surplus at all, therefore,
il must be brought about by the in-
creased efforts and diligence of the
workers. To secure this extra effort
Dr. Ryan holds out to the workers the

hope of a share in the increased profits
due to their increased efficiency. We
doubt whether the average wage-earner
would think it worth his while to 'speed
up.' in the circumstances. If profit-shar-
ing is necessary at all, why should it be
confined to profits above the normal rate
of interest? Dr. Ryan would say that
no other scheme is feasible, so long as
the regime of private capital obtains.
Perhaps he is right. In any case, this
normal rate is not a sacrosanct thing,
but merely the outcome of economic
forces working on the basis of economic
feudalism, which is ex hypothesi an in-
equitable condition for the workers. If
it stands in the way of a necessary
scheme of profit-sharing, let us try to
limit it, so far as estimating surplus
profits is concerned, by legal enactment
binding every industrial establishment in
the country. For the purposes of a
profit-sharing scheme, the normal rate
of dividend could, we believe, be dimin-
ished fictione juris to a vanishing point,
if necessary, without seriously interfer-
ing with the capitalization of industry.
"Until some such drastic step is taken
we see little hope that profit-sharing can
accomplish anything beyond slightly
easing the situation."

The New Typewriter

The budding authoress had purchased
a typewriter, and one morning the agent
called and asked :

"How do you like your new type-
writer, madam?"

"It's wonderful !" was the enthusias-
t:c reply. "I wonder how I ever did my
writing without it."

"Would you mind," asked the agent,
"giving me a little testimonial to that
effect ?"

"Certainly not," she responded. "I'll
do it, gladly." Seating herself at the
machine she pounded out the following :

"Aafteb Using thee Automatid Back-
action atype write, er for thre emonth
%an d Over, I unhesittattingly pronoun
ce it tobe al ad more th e Manufacturss
claim ! for it. Durinb the tim e been in
myy possessio n $i thre month it had
more th an paid paid for itse*f in thee
saVing off tim e nnD laborr?"

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

The Uses and Abuses of Sport

We are living in an age of sport.
For the sake of physical exercise and
sports of every description young men
and boys are anxious to go to college,
join the Y. M. C. A. and Catholic socie-
ties as well. Millions of dollars are
annually wasted on sporting fads and
the newspapers have sporting editors
and sporting pages. Whenever the
weather permits, we have outside
sports, and when climatic conditions
are unfavorable, we have inside sports.
Thus sport is quite independent of the
weather. W r here there is a will there
is a way, at any rate, when there is
question of sport. We are no pessimist
and do not believe in pessimism. We
admit, that we enjoy sport as well as
others, but it must be reasonable and
it should be limited. Many a game of
pool and billiard have we played with
our society members ; many a ball and
bat and football have we purchased
for the boys, and helped them kick it,
too, if you please, — not thinking it
below our clerical dignity. On several
occasions we were asked to act as
umpire, but considered ourselves bound
in justice to decline the honor, because
ignorance of the rules and regulations
rendered us incompetent for that
service.

We realize that healthful exercise is
not only good but necessary for the
physical development of the young.
Young men and boys who have an
opportunity and time for a game, rec-
reation or physical culture, are in bet-
ter condition for intellectual as well
as manual labor. We fail to see any
desecration of the Sunday in a game
of base-ball, providing, of course, that
divine service is not neglected. Let us
take care of the soul first, and then of
the body. To this there is no objec-
tion, and cannot reasonably be. But
when sport is carried to excess ; when
it threatens to become the end instead
of a means to an end — be that end
education or Catholic society life —
when it is looked upon as a profession,
and men and boys are trained to it
like animals, then it is time, we think,
to call attention to the fact that excess.

even in lawful things, is evil. Even
the casual observer cannot fail to
notice that our young people are too
much addicted to sports. Frequently
we have heard the complaints of the
clergy ; college professors recognize
that excessive indulgence in sports is
proving to be a detriment to the intel-
lectual development of students, and
the presidents of Catholic young men's
and boy's societies have made the ex-
perience that whenever there is "an
attraction" or some "sporting feature,"
society members are "conspicuous" for
non-attendance at meetings.

There was a time when boys attended
college for the sake of acquiring a
scientific and moral training. Now many
parents are wasting their money to
have their sons turned into sports.
Habeant sibi, if it so pleases them.
We have a word to say to the presi-
dents of young men's societies ; not of
criticism, but of what we consider
good advice. The man who thinks
that he can hold his boys by means
of sport is mistaken. Some of them —
the "sports" — he may hold, for a time ;
all, or the majority of them, and for
good — no. The taste of boys in sport-
ing matters is diverse, and to satisfy
them all is an impossibility for the best
of college and society presidents. Then
we must not forget that quite a num-
ber of boys have no taste for any kind
of sport. And, finally, it should be
considered that boys and young men
are usually attracted by novelty. As
long as something is new to them, they
display an abundance of enthusiasm ;
but when the novelty has worn off, the
interest is almost sure to lag. We have
experienced this in a beautiful club
house erected principally for the use
of the parishioners. A double bowling
alley ; a spacious pool and billiard
room ; shower and tub baths ; a fairly
well equipped gymnasium and one of
the finest auditoriums and stages in the
State, — all these attractions could not
hold the boys and young men. The
unsatisfactory results obtained by other
presidents of Catholic young men's
and boys' societies, whom we have
consulted in the matter, may serve as

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

evidence to substantiate our contention
that it is folly to base hopes for our
Catholic societies on sport.

In Germany, conditions are practi-
cally the same as here. Discussing the
influence of sport on Catholic juvenile
society life, General Secretary Mosterts
and other gentlemen of the Central
Bureau admitted that "the thing is
overdone." This we found to be the
general sentiment of priest-presidents
throughout that country. The chief
argument they advance in support of
the sporting fad is that it serves as a
weapon against the influence of Social-
ism. However, the tendency is strong-
ly in favor of limitation, and, in the
meantime, the local presidents and the
Central Bureau lose no opportunity to
make it perfectly plain that the relig-
ious and moral training of the young
is the primary object of the organiza-
tion and the very essence of all their
efforts. Father J. Driiding, S.J., has pub-
lished an article in the Corrcspondenz-
blatt under the heading of : "Sodalities
and Juvenile Societies,'' in which he
says : "It may be pleasing to them or dis-
pleasing, certain people will sooner or
• later learn that physical exercise may
indeed contribute to some extent to the
formation of character ; but character
and morality calculated to stand the
test of tempests and temptations of the
juvenile age must be built upon a dif-
ferent foundation than the one offered
by the sporting campus, the gymnasi-
um, and the summer camp." He is
right. There is, after all, but one
foundation upon which true character
and sound morality can be constructed
and maintained, and that is religion.
Sport is good enough as a means to
secure this end, but at no time may a
principle be sacrificed for the sake of
sport. Our boys and young men should
be aroused to Catholic consciousness.
This Catholic consciousness must ac-
company them constantly, and guide
their thoughts, sentiments, and actions.
To effect this is the primary object of
Catholic juvenile societies. Catholic
boys and young men should be willing
and glad to become members of the
parochial and national Catholic socie-
ties, because they are Catholics, and

because they are determined to stand
by their Church. The unity of faith
must band them together, and the
love for that faith is the strong tie
that will keep them together. This is
an argument the value of which, it
seems to us, has been underestimated
in the past. Fr. A. B.

• ■ § > ■ ■

The Death of Venerable Bede

In the introduction to his "Golden
Days of the Early English Church"
(Dutton) Sir Henry Howorth quotes
once again the well-known account of
the death of the great Saxon chronicler,
St. Bede, as told by an eye-witness. It
seems the famous monk of Yarrow re-
mained an example of inveterate author-
ship to the very end. He fell seriously
ill while engaged on his translation of
the Gospel of St. John. In spite of his
indisposition he insisted on continuing
his work of dictation, for it seems that
he had long been too old and feeble to
be his own amanuensis. One Cuthbert
tells the tale:

"On the Wednesday before Ascen-
sion Day he became worse, but still
taught and dictated cheerfully. The
next day he bade us write diligently
what we had begun, and this we did to
the third hour. We then walked in pro-
cession with the relics, as was custom-
ary. One of us stayed behind who
said : 'There is still one chapter want-
ing of the book which thou hast been
dictating, but it seems hard for thee to
be questioned further-' 'Nay,' said he,
'it is easy : take thy pen and mend it
quickly and write' ; and he did so. The
brethren were then summoned to hear
his last commands. Then the same boy
Wilbert said once more : 'There is still
one sentence, dear master, which is not
written down.' He replied : 'Then write
it.' After a little space the boy said :
'Now it is finished.' And he answered:
'Well, thou hast spoken the truth ; it is
finished. Take my hands in thy hands'
— and thus upon the floor of his cell,
singing 'Glory be to the Father and the
Son and the Holy Ghost,' and the rest,
he breathed his last."

Thus died the first great English man
of letters.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

Two Educational Reports
It is a happy sign of the progress of
Catholic education that the annual re-
ports of the parish schools of various
dioceses are no longer dry statistics of
the number of children in the grades.
Many of them contain matters of inter-
est to all our Catholics teachers. Thus,
Rev. John Dillon in his "Tenth Report
of the Superintendent of Parish
Schools, Diocese of Newark,"' discusses
among other timely topics : Teachers'
Training. School Environment, Grading
and Promotion, and that most timely of
all subjects for those interested in the
progress of education — and in the pre-
servation of our liberties — the Smith-
Towner Bill. It is one of the most lucid
explanations of the dangers that lurk
under that apparently harmless instru-
ment that we have read. And the in-
formation is conveyed in the space of a
few pages.

Another excellent piece of work is the
"Sixteenth Annual Report of the Par-
ish Schools of the Diocese of Pitts-
burgh, 1919-1920." (Pittsburgh Ob-
server print j. It contains informatory
paragraphs on Civics and Americani-
zation. Physical Culture. Health Inspec-
tion. Vocational Guidance, etc.

A. M.

A Good Suggestion to the K. of C.
The Nation says (No. 2892) :
"We sincerely trust that the Knights
of Columbus plan to donate the unex-
pended balance of its war moneys, some
85,000,000, to the American Legion for
a costly home in Washington. D. C. will
not be approved. With such human
suffering and misery on all sides, it
seems inexcusable to put so much monev
into another monumental structure in
Washington, and one that is not needed.
If it is asserted that the Knights are
bound to use this money for soldier pur-
poses, then let them use it for the dis-
abled, the maimed, the needy, and the
dependent, who are certainly faring
none too well at the government's hand-.
We doubt whether any donor of this
money would have objected had its in-
come or its principal been used to aid

devasted France or Belgium, or the suf-
fering anywhere in Allied countries.

"But the American Legion itself is
still a questionable thing. It is by no
means clear whether it will become a
menace to the country or a source of
pride and an organization of great use-
fulness. Again, it is a rapidly shrinking
body ; at its last convention in Cleveland
the press reports gave it only about
800,000 paid-up members, as against
the original 3,000,000. To beseech an
organization which has up to this time
proved prejudicial, opinionated and re-
actionary, whose future is not even cer-
tain, to overcome its great reluctance to
accept this great sum is surely folly.
Far better use for it would be the start-
ing of a new Red Cross, a White Cross
or a Green Cross, to assume the neutral,
international position Clara Barton
planned for the now government-
prostituted Red Cross. We should
have an organization ready to go
into Ireland, or Russia, or any other
place under the sun where human
beings are suffering, without asking
anything except whether human be-
ings were suffering. That would be a
worth-while monument to the American
Catholic soldiers who fell in the war."

-~~Sh

The Labor Vote

To the student of social psychology
the last election has a strange fascina-
tion. For, in spite of the manifest un-
rest of the masses, a reactionary ma-
chine was swept into power. At a time
when radicalism is in the ascendancy
the return to reaction seems uncondi-
tional. Add to this the unattractive per-
sonalities of the candidates, obstruction-
ist platforms, manufactured issues, and
anachronistic methods of electioneering,
?nd the paradox grows.

Every industrial State in the Union
without a single exception piled up a
record-breaking total against the Demo-
crat^ party. Moreover, Senator Cum-
mings in Iowa and Gov. Allen of Kan-
sas were reelected, though marked for
defeat by the American Federation of
Labor. Cox, who had been held up as
the more desirable candidate to the lat-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

ter organization, was terribly beaten.
On the other hand, the Socialist vote to-
taled less than 2,000,000 out of a possi-
ble 30,000,000. This, to be sure, is
slightly more than in 1912, but an in-
crease wholly disproportionate to the
drift towards radicalism. The Farmer-
Labor party proved to be a joke at the
polls. Only one Socialist, Meyer Lon-
don of New York, was elected to Con-
gress. Victor Berger was defeated in
Wisconsin, and the Republican landslide
swept two, if not three, of the five
ousted New York Congressmen to
defeat. On the surface the figures
carry much of hope for the antiquated
standpat regime, regardless of political
denomination.

But it is not at all unlikely that the
result does express the dissatisfaction
of the workers. The Democratic party
had come to represent a species of abso-
lutism, obstructionism, and one-man
power particularly distasteful to the
American people. The Republican party,
on the contrary, was in eclipse and hence
obscure, unimportant, and impotent.
It represented, too, a collective as op-
posed to a single authority. Hence a
vote for Republicanism was a real pro-
test vote in the mind of labor, whose
vote, which had formerly gone to the
Socialists and Independents, was regis-
tered with complete satisfaction against
the Democratic party. Moreover, the
Socialist total represents, with due al-
lowance for the mere "protest votes,'' a
tremendous increase in confirmed radi-
cals.

The whole situation is a sad com-
mentary on the existing political leader-
ship, the leading parties, and the confu-
sion of ideas engendered by a venal and
ignorant press. American labor needs
new and better leadership and a news
bureau and press of its own. Until then
K will continue to bring down upon it-
self reaction, which it does not want nor
intend. F.
—<S~~.

— Show me the man who has ceased to
struggle, and you show me a man whose soul
is dead.

— How about that new subscriber you
promised to send us last year? It is still
time to keep your promise.

Forty Years of Missionary Life
in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.
(Twenty-second Installment)

The year 1886 started quite well. The
settlers were beginning to be prosperous, the
parochial school was well attended, and the
monthly examinations proved that the chil-
dren were advancing. Mr. Gleissner con-
tinued his studies under the direction of the
pastor, and helped to instruct the children
and lead the choir. During Lent the Forty
Hours' devotion was celebrated solemnly
and also the jubilee of 1886. Father Theo-
dore Smith, O.S.B., then pastor at Doniphan,
Mo., helped me out.

The same year a branch of the Catholic
Knights of America was established, which
hi course of time became the largest branch
of that order in Arkansas. When application
was made for the charter, I was the only one
rejected.

The same year I opened the first Catholic
school in Jonesboro ; Miss Kate Esselman,
now Mrs. Skinner, the daughter of Dr. J. C.
Esselman, of Pocahontas, was its first
teacher

On March 5th we lost our sexton, the \ en-
erable Nicholas Bach. His career was so
remarkable and his exemplary life has done
so much good for the church and the de-
struction of prejudice that he deserves more
than a passing remark. When he took nek
his chief anxiety was for his old sister, Mary
Ann, who had emigrated with him to Ameri-
ca forty-two years before. He was lying in
the adjoining room to hers. A kind provi-
dence intervened, making his anxiety super-
fluous. After he had been sick a few days
she also took to bed and died on the 4th of
March. He himself passed away the next
day. Around his death-bed knelt the priest,
all the school children, and many friends. At
the recitation of the litany for the dying he
himself .ioined in the answers to the end, and
frequently kissed the crucifix. We were s f ill
praying when he gave up his pious soul to its
maker. He and his sister were buried in the
Catholic cemetery on March ~th. The whole
congregation and a large crowd of Protest'int
friends from town and country honored them
by their presence.

Nicholas Bach, commonly called "Uncle
Nick." was born in Lorraine, in 181 7. In
Strasbourg and Metz he finished his studies
for the priesthood and had already received
minor orders, but when his class was cailed
to higher orders, he was put back for a year.
upon inquiry why that was done he re-
ceived no satisfactory answer, and thereupon
determined to go to America, where he had
two brothers in Pocahontas. Just as he was
ready to leave, he received a letter from the
rector of the seminary, saying that the person
who had denounced him. a young girl, had
withdrawn her accusation, acknowledging

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

that it had been done through jealousy.
Therefore, he could come back and be or-
dained. However, it was too late. Bach
thought he would prefer to become a mis-
sionary ia America. He had with him the
very best recommendations. He left with
his sister. Mary Ann. in 1845. tor Xew York.
As they had acquaintances in Buffalo, they
stopped in that city. Bach was there accepud
for the diocese by the Bishop. However, he
had first to accompany his sister to Poca-
hontas. whore his two brothers, John and
Peter, were then living. They went from
Buffalo to New Orleans. There they were
advised to go by river as far as Xcw Madrid,
Mo. where a good many French settlor^ at
that time resided, and where they would find
out about Pocahontas. Arriving in New
Madrid, they found a number of Fi\
who were acquainted with John and P;'cr
Bach. They instructed Nicholas how to roach
Pocahontas, and gave him a horse to make
the journey, about 130 miles. He left Mary
Ann in their care and set out for Pocahontas
There was no regular road. He rode through
swamps and bayous, over rivers and Lakes,
and afterw irds across hills and mountains.
Often he could not see a house for many
miles. When he finally reached the hills, he
found settlers who knew his brothers and
could direct him how to proceed. Finally, he
reached Pocahontas, to the great joy of his
brothers. It had been his first experience in
riding horseback. Immediately his brother
John left for New Madrid to bring Mary
Ann. their sister, back with him. When
everything was in order. Nicholas wanted to
return to Buffalo to be ordained. His
ers, who did an extensive business with a
tannery and cotton gin, said they needed him
and were bitterly opposed to his leaving. In
the country they had at that time no ready-
made shoes. Nicholas needed shoes to travel,
and his brothers forbade the shoemaker to
make any for him, for fear he would leave.
By all kinds of stratagems they coaxed him
to stay. Soon after. John, the oldest brother,
died, and then Nicholas felt that he could
not leave because their business was so ex-
tensive. Nicholas could speak French and
German, and that was a great help. He had to
travel for the firm in different directions, to
St. Louis, to New Orleans, even to Cuba.
New Orleans was their main place of busi-
ness, as they could reach that city by boa:
directly from Pocahontas. After some year>
his second brother Peter, also died, anil his
sister. Mary Ann. who had become a widow
with several children, now depended on him.
Bach moved to Warm Springs, eighteen
miles north of Pocahontas, where he conduct-
ed an extensive business. When the Civil
War broke out, he had about $60,000, a con-
siderable sum for those days. But he lost
nearly everything, as they were obliged to
accept Confederate money in trade. Some
gold he buried and told his sister where it
was, as his life was constantly in danger. He

was thougnt to be very wealthy, and the ma-
rauding parties along the frontier knew this.
He had many a hard experience living just
on the boundary between Missouri and .Ar-
kansas. After so many trials and troubles
he no longer cared for his own life. One
night a par:y of outlaws came to him and
asked for money. He replied: "Gentlemen,
I have no money for you." Then they
showed him a rope and threatened to hang
him. whereupon he said: "Gentlemen. 1 am
a Frenchman, and I was not born to be hung;
but if you want to shoot me, blaze away."--
and he ope vd his shirt. They dropped their
guns and left. After the war he returned to
Pocahontas, took charge of the tannery and
provided for his sister and her children.
When Father O'Kean built the church, he
bought the lot next to it. and lived there
with his sis'er and her family. The rectory
is now on that lot. He attended the church
as sexton from that time until his death, us
punctually as if he were paid a salary. In
the absence of the priest, lie led the recital
of the rosary and other devotions. Ererj
morning early he opened the church and

VV~ \ V'PPT) - ORGANIST AND CHOI* IH-

RbX'TOR for mens and boys'
choirs in middle western city. Salary and perquisites
5: .500 Address

SOLKSMK.s PREFK.RRK.O.

care of Fortnightly Review

THE ECHO

A Journal of Opinion
Published Weekly

TTHE ECHO'S editorials discuss
■ important religious, political,
economic, and industrial questions
from a thoroughly Catholic view-
point.

It contains thought - provoking
articles on "Social Reconstruction' '
by competent authorities.

A fearless Catholic Newspaper
that covers a distinct field.

Sample Copies on Request
Subscription: $2.50 a Year

THE ECHO

564 Dodge St.

Buffalo, N. Y.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

made his morning" meditation. lie also made
a long visit every evening about eight o'clock,
before closing the church. After
O'Kean had been called away to the cathe-
dral, Bach became advisor and spiritual father
to all the Catholics. Especially converts were
always sure to obtain good advice and en-
couragement from him. The priests who vis-
ited the place during the five years when no
priest resided there, would always inform
"Uncle Nick" of their coming. He, in his
turn, would give notice to all the Zab
and would himself meet the priest
carriage at O'Kean. All the Catholics used
to go to confession and communion \
visits. {To be continued)

»-»-:^-»-«

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

— With this issue the Fortnightly Review
enters upon its twenty-eighth year. V,
that its subscribers still think it is serving
its purpose well enough to continue their
support.

— The question as to the original home of
the Aryan race is still alive. The distin-
guished Swedish scholar Montelius ha l
out with the statement that our Indo-Ger-
manic ancestors lived originally in southern
Scandinavia and northern Germany, and that
they spread over the earth in all directions
immediately after the close of the ice age.

— In consequence of being overloaded with
other work, the publisher of the F. R. has
not been able to devote the usual attention
to the billing of delinquent subscribers and
he would therefore respectfully request
those who have not received a statement to
inspect the address label and send in their
subscriptions if they are in arrears. It would
be a favor which we should appreciate highly.

— We are glad to hear that the Rt. Rev.
Msgr. F. A. Rempe, V.G. is about 6s gs
Europe in the name of Archbishop Munde-
lein and other American bishops with a view r
of alleviating the misery among the people
of the central powers. In order that this
important work be done as effectively as pos-
sible, it is well to have a German-American
of Msgr. Rempe's type on the spot. He will

no -doubt see to it that tkt Zi ■ . •
especial ' ; wd.

lected by tie various, relief ag---
— Senator La . : ; -. ••■ ■ ■-. ■ ■

■ -, ■--._■■,,■_. ja •

.--,., ...... - ■

■.-. ■ •• ■-.' num-

ber of ■ ■■-.■■■ ■ ■

of it. K ■ •

— We read • ; ■ -. I H at i '-.

- ■ . ■ . ; r ■:_ J

I I • .

ana
such maea - ■ ■

i . . • -•.--■■■•-.

■ eafaure. As Ma H&

Kg "As idcn,
I

Scd gvi bciius -
homo est."

'.'■-.. '

It I ; . - i I -----.■ ' ■ ■'- I \-

. m& sapiens.

— • • \ ' . D t i "- - -•'-'-■■

'■ '- '. •• -.--- - : ' - ■■-'
-. - -'-:"

■-■;-. I - - '■ ■'- k*

■■■_■_■ . aws .-.-

where-, en p HnSs saflBksmd i ---

"■"-". - : ;•-■■■■.. n - I

.... ... psafea •

■ -■ . - an : ■--.-. sgg& ----''---

. ■ • ■ • '

-. .. . . ;--.--

I - ■--■•'--•--■-

..-..-. , . , .. • J - ■,- _

i " ■---.■-■ • - •

■--.--.- ; ' ." i tea . -

" ' ■ '
I • . '

— It is to foe i

■ i ' ' ..'-■-.--

. ,,-.---;

■ •.-...- ■ • --■'--

-j |miiT -- |U,t:i I m |iiir.t 1 1 | til | lit | Hit

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars

SEGAR L«6IC -

"yHE majority of —Jwn briEsw I hf mcaggH

1 mm - . -■--■■

vitb heEvy tcbacc:. eqpern a ' t K 3 bfid B cl I * profit

of the color of the v • .■■■-•

tell lit . - . • ; ■ at St BTTjMB

THE TALE.
Ifin (T7 On Sent Post Paid on •Rftrawjfttaff Mama rfia -
I UU""i I 2 « -.;i-i: i ::--■■.: -: ; - i - .-. '-■ ■■ : - - i. - .• ■ .1 .1 ■ -. ■ -. : • : -: ' ""-■.--

•

■:-u::

Matt. \\'a§ner & Son

' - " ;>rth Pea? ; ---:-:"
Buffalo. X. Y.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

Methods of advertising that depend strictly
on the truth must be encouraged and devel-
oped. If necessary, there may eventually
have to be an entirely new kind of training
for those who prepare advertisements. It is
silly to declare, as one reads of a certain
volume in a current magazine, that "no book
will be more widely read or more earnestly
discussed." The public is tired of exaggera-
tion, and this sort of advertising repels
rather than attracts intelligent purchasers.

— The Oxford letter to the professors of
Germany and Austria found a grateful echo
in those countries, even though the reply was
signed with only ten names. Evidently the
good spirit of rapprochement is at work, and
at work to practical purpose. In more than
one great scholarly enterprise which has been
set on foot in England or America since the
cessation of the war, German and Austrian
savants have been cordially invited to co-
operate, and have as cordially responded. A
most welcome evidence that true zeal for
scholarship knows no political barriers is the
Anglo-American University Library. This
scheme, of which Lord Bryce is president, is
designed to supply English books publ'shed
during or since the war period to the univer-
sity teachers of Central Europe who have
been unable to keep up to date in this respect.

— Despite the unfavorable rate of exchange,
American commodities are to be seen every-
where in Europe. Thus our motion, pictures
are ubiquitous. In Paris American cigarettes
are the easiest to get. In London an orches-
tra of negro players has flourished for nearly
a year. Several New York theatrical shows
are occupying the boards of London play-
houses; and many of our magazines are dis-
played at English news stalls. Strangely
enough, European publishers— English and
Continental — persist in offering the worst of
our literature to their customers, as if they

had not enough medicore books of their own.
If this is a subtle way of creating anti-
American feeling, it is one from which the
perpetrators must suffer more than we do.

— It always causes a shock to old-fashion jd
Catholics to hear or read of priests taking
part in the religious or semi-religious exer-
cises of lodges, as, for instance, the "memo-
rial day service" of the Elks. On such an
occasion recently, at Rock Island, 111., the
Rev. C. P. O'Neill is quoted in the public
press as saying that "the order of Elks is the
most noble order on earth and has accom-
plished more good in the world than any
other six organizations." Father O'Neill
must have made this remark in a moment of
distraction. Surely he does not mean that
the K. of C. is surpassed by the B. P.
O. Elks in doing good ! The worst feature
of such clerical participation in the doings of
the Elks is that through it Catholic young
men are coaxed into dangerous lodges which
are feeders to Freemasonry.

— We find the following strange observa-
tion in the Catholic Transcript, the official
organ of the Bishop of Hartford (Vol.
XXIV, No. 25) : "Have we a propaganda in
the Catholic Church of America? Leo XIII
discovered propaganda and plottings' every-
where. In the presence of an American visi-
tor, the Pontiff opened his snuff box and
wondered whether or not one of the con-
spirators might not be found hidden away
in the powder. Is there a propaganda in
the American Church? If so, who has been
approached, and who was the agent? What
arguments were presented? What sweets
dispensed? The propaganda aims at high
gain. High motives and high arguments must
be exposed to the minds of men of high
integrity. The candied tongue still hath
powers to charm. Has anyone succumbed?"
We can hardly suppose that the official organ

TWO IN ONE

An alms for the poor missionaries and
Mass said for your own intentions.

Send 11s your Mass stipends for the

African Missionaries, who are much in

need of them and we shall forward the

money free of charge

SODALITY OF ST. PETER CLAVER

For the African Missions

1219 Fullerton Building ST. LOUIS, MO.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Catholic Art and Architecture

A revised and enlarged second edition, containing forty-eight pages of plates, plus twenty-five pages of text.
The text lays down solid principles on Catholic art and architecture, and the plates exemplify these irinciples, as

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been highly recommended by experts and members of the hierarchy and clergy who have made
a study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

ot any American bishop would at this late
date wish to cast a slur on Pope Leo XIII
because of his brief on "Americanism," dis-
agreeable though this document was at the
time of its publication to some. What, then,
does the Catholic Transcript mean? "Dunkcl
ist der Rede Sinn!"

■+-+-QT+-+-

Literary Briefs

—"A Child's Life of St. Joan of Arc," by
Mary E. Mannix, is sufficiently described by
its title. The book is prettily gotten up and
makes a neat gift. (Benziger Bros.)

— While we can discover nothing "path-
breaking" (see jacket) in Father Joseph
Husslein's, S.J., "Evolution and Social Prog-
ress," the volume has its justification in the
popular way in which the author explains the
correct concept of evolution and shows how
a false, material concept saps the foundations
of society. The aim is clearly apologetic, and
it is as a contribution to popular apologetics
that the book must be judged. (P. J. Kenedy
& Sons).

— "Sermons," by the late Canon Sheehan,
of "My New Curate" fame, is the first vol-
ume of a posthumous collection. A second
is t follow presently. The editor, Fr. M. J.
Phelan, S.J., says in the preface that Canon
Sheehan was wont to write out his sermons
very carefully. They are characterized by a
keen analysis of the human heart, a wealth
of knowledge, fecundity of ideas, and rich-
ness of imagination, and will no doubt find
favor with the late Canon's many friends in
the priesthood. (Benziger Bros.)

— "An Awakening and What Followed," by
James Kent Stone, D.D., better known among
Catholics as Father Fidelis of the Cross,
Passionist, tells the story of the author's
conversion and its results. The volume is
exceptionally well written and of great inter-
est both from the psychological and the apol-
ogetic point of view. Nothing more effective
or convincing could be put into the hands of
a truth-seeking Protestant, especially of the
Anglican persuasion, than this book, which
is printed in fine large type on good paper
by the Ave Maria Press, Notre Dame, Ind.

—"The Divine Office" by the Rev. E. J.
Quigley, is, as the subtitle indicates, "a study
in the Roman Breviary." Its chief merit is
that it combines within a reasonable compass
the historical, liturgical, theological and as-
cetical aspects of the subject and thus fur-

nishes a handy introduction for the ecclesi-
astical student and a means whereby the busy
priest, haply overfamiliar with the recital of
the Office, may renew his interest and atten-
tion. The author insists particularly on mak-
ing the Breviary a real prayerbook and gives
many useful devices for attaining this end.
(B. Herder Book Co.)

— Anne Catherine Emmerich's "Lowly Life
and Bitter Passion ot Our Lord Jesus Christ,"
as edited originally by Fr. C. E. Schmoger,
C.SS.R., has been translated from the fourth
German edition into English. The four vol-
umes bear date 1914, but reached us only the
other day. The first opens with a sympa-
thetic foreword by the late Fr. Albert Rein-
hart, O.P. The translation reads well and
is calculated to make the visions of the saint-
ly Diilmen nun better known among English-
speaking Catholics. Meanwlrle the contro-
versy regarding the authenticity and value
of these visions still continues in Germany.
(New York: The Sentinel Press, 185 E.
76th Str.)

—Mr. Stewart E. Bruce, in "The War Guilt
and Peace Crime of the Entente Allies," con-
tends that Russia, Great Britain, and France
were essentially as guilty of bringing on the
world war as Germany ; that America's
participation in the struggle was the unwise
deed of mainly one man, and that the "peace
settlement" is unjust and foolish. He advo-
cates certain measures by which he believes
the people could become the real masters of
their own destiny, so that a repetition of
such a calamity as the world war would be
impossible. His remarks on the "patriotic
debauch" of the past few years and "the sin
of flag worship" are particularly apposite
and impressive. "Ultra-patriotism," he says,
among other things, "is not a virtue in a
people — it is a national sin — it is a species
of pagan idolatry, a sin that has brought its
punishment down through the history of man-
kind and never more swift and certain and
retributive than during the late war." This
little book will prove an eye-opener to many.
(New York: F. L. Searl & Co., no W. 34th
Str.)

Books Received

Life of St. Marqaret Marv Alacoque. By Rt. Rev.
E. Itougaud, D.D., Bishop of Laval. 388 pp. 8vo.
Benziger Bros. $2.75 net.

St. Agnes Church, Cleveland, Ohio. An Interpreta-
tion by Anne O'Hare McCormick. 48 pp. 4to.
Richly illustrated. Cleveland, O. : The Rev. Gil-
bert P. Jennings, LL.D., Pastor.

!«

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 1

A batch of pamphlets from the Catholic Truth So-
ciety, 69 Southwark Bridge Road, S.E. 1, London,
England, as follows:

Answers to a Jewish Enquirer. By the Rev.
Tl eodore Ratisbonne (1814-1884). Translated
from the French. 48 pp. 16mo. 6 pence.
The Road to Damascus. The Story of an Under-
graduate's Conversion. By W. A. D. With
an Introduction by the Rev. C. C. Martindale,
S.J. 32 pp. 16mo. 6 pence.
The Lambeth Conference. Reprinted from the
Tablet, Aug. 28, 1920. 12 pp. 16mo. 6 pence.

The Pope's Latest Message of Peace. Official
Translation of the Encyclical of May 23, 1920.
12 pp. 16mo. 2 pence.
Women in the Catholic Church. By the Rev.
H. F. Hall. 12 pp. 16mo. 2 pence.
The Palace Beautiful, or the Spiritual Temple of
God. By the Rev. Frederick A. Houck. 167 pp.
12mo. Frederick Pustet Co., Inc.
The Divine Office. A Study of the Roman Breviary.
By Rev. E. J. Quigley. xii & 288 pp. 12mo.
Dublin: M. II. Gill & Son; St. Louis, Mo.: B.
Herder Book Co. $3 net.

SANOS, Antiseptic, improved.

Per bottle, 95 cts. ; per dozen bottles $9.50
j WOLFRAMS CATARRH REMEDY
* Per bottle $1.00; per half dozen bottles $5.00

CONSTIPATION CAPSULES

Per box $2.00; Three boxes for $5.00
WOLFRAMS THROAT CHIPS

Per box 10 cts. and 25 cts.
WOLFRAMS MALTUM, (an agreeable and nour-
ishing malt substitute for coffee)

25 cts. per pound

THE WOLFRAM COMPANY, 17 Chestnut Street, Columbus, Ohio

Come tO Room 201, come-producing property, kept always

in good condition.
UniOn EleCtriC Building, State regulation of the business, es-

12th and Locust Sts., to tablished to T tect GU u storae « a » d

7 investors equally, together with the

BUV 7 Per Ct. Preferred long, honorable and successful busi-

q j C £ T* E? ness recor d 0I this Company, assure

otOCK, a Ocire, laX-rree the regular payment of preferred stock

Investment for Small In- *vidends-$i 75 in cash every three

months on each share, or $7 a year,

VeStOrS: $100 a Share if it is handier for you, you can

for Cash, $102 On a buy these shares at Union Electric's

offices in St. Louis, St. Charles,

10-Payment Plan. Franklin, Jefferson and Perry counties.

^ T , , , , , . Or, if you will telephone us, or send

Nobody need be afraid to invest , , , it

.... us your name and address on the

money today, if it is invested .where it , ., , ■«. , , .,, ,

, , dotted lines below, we will send a

buys real property value — ioo cents , , r

, salesman, or a circular, as you prefer,

on the dollar — and where its income . , . . t . „ . , . .,

.,..,,, to explain this offer in detail,
will be regular and dependable.

A thorough State appraisal of our Name

property and business backs our state-
ment that each $100 share of our 7% Address

preferred stock represents MORE
than $100 worth of permanent, in-

Union Electric Light & Power Co.

ST. LOUIS, MO.

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 2

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

January 15, 1921

The New Home
By Margaret Ashmu-n

How strange it is, a month ago
I lodged elsewhere, and did not know
This house existed ; now I sit
And see myself the lord of it.

My foot was free; for years of days
I went my unregardful ways.
Yet men were toiling with the pick.
Were smelting steel and burning brick,
And felling trees, and in the mill
Were shaping rafter, joist, and sill.
To rear my roof against the rain.
They raised the chimney, set the pane,
Made every corner true and plumb,
To wait the hour that I should come.

These men had sailed from over sea
That they might do this good for me ;
But all the time, I did not know
They lived — until a month ago.

God bless, I say, the kind forethought,
And bless the careful hands that wrought
To build this house, and build it well,
That I might have a place to dwell !

Belloc's Latest Book

The Louisville Record has discovered
the true purpose of Air. Hilaire Belloc's
new hook, "Europe and the Faith." Our
contemporary says (No. 48) :

"There are two distinct threads run-
ning through this work — one Catholic,
one British. It is easier to follow the
first than the second. The first runs
in a natural course ; the second is tortu-
ous. Mr. Belloc's attempt to weave them
together in a continuous unbroken cord
that leads back from Protestant Eng-
land to Pagan Rome, is artfully done;
but it leaves us with some misgivings.
His purpose to shake oft the Teutonic
ancestry of his country and show Eng-
land as the natural heir of the Christian-
ized Roman Empire, is too obvious ; and
it requires too much. First of all, it re-
quires a belief that human nature is a
variant, — one thing in a Roman, another
thing in a Teuton. It requires belief in
a fallacv still more fundamental, if that

be possible, — that the faith is assimilable
to the Roman nature and non-assimil-
able to the Teuton, so that the Teuton
cannot be truly Catholic without ceasing
to be Teuton."

In its No. 49 the Record emotes the
Catholic Bulletin as saying that Mr.
Belloc's thesis, if accepted, "would
mean the re-writing of practically all
the Catholic history of Europe since
the migration of nations." It would
mean something more and something
worse that that : namely, the complete
subversion of the Scriptural teaching
that Cod "sanabiles fecit omnes na-
tiones" (Wisd. I, 14) and of the Cath-
olic dogma that Christ came to save all
men and all nations of the earth.

Our readers need not be reminded
that we never were among the admirers
of Hilaire Belloc and the whole
"Chester-Belloc" literary clique.

Rossini's "Stabat Mater"

The Catholic CJtoirmaster for Oc-
tober contains a strong denunciation of
Rossini's Stabat Mater, the text for
which is supplied by an account in the
Philadelphia Public Ledger, headed
"Opera at Maine Festival," wherein
Rossini's work was the attraction :

"Rossini's Stabat Mater music could
be better used to accompany out and
out melodrama and moving pictures
(Wild West, cowboy and Indian fights
and like scenes) than to reflect the
holy woe and sacred sorrow of the
Mother of our Redeemer."

"The" Stabat Mater, as Rossini's
meretricious work is commonly called,
is referred to in Dom Alphege Sheb-
beares paper on "Plainsong at Quarr
Abbey" in Blackfriars. for November,
in the .following terms :

"By all means enjoy Rossini's Cujus
animam if you don't understand the
words, or can forget them !"

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

A Unique Christmas Card

We are indebted to our venerable
friend, the Rev. Lewis Drummond, S.
J., of Loyola College, Montreal, for a
copy of a unique Christmas card. The
card contains some verses and a picture,
both of which have a curious history.

While thinking of Bethlehem and its
contrast of childlike weakness and re-
sistless power, Father Drummond, who,
as our readers know, is a writer of rare
distinction, was inspired to compose
these lines :

The Babe Divine

Mere baby fair He lay,

All wonderment in eyes,
That opened wide and gay

With gladness and surprise,

As if the world to Him
Was full of mystery,
As if its marvels dim

Must hide some witchery.

Bereft He seemed of speech,

Unable yet to frame
(His time would come to preach)

The lettres of His name.

But well the Mother kenned

That He whose tongue was tied.

Her Maker and Last End,
Was Word personified;

That His all-grasping mind

Played with the deeps of thought.

And by one act defined

What myriad mystics sought]

That He the past must see,
Of might-have-beens the how,

What is and what shall be.
In His eternal now ;

How at His beck and call

Is all that can be known,
For He hath made it all

And holds it as His own.

Adoringly she saw

How her own Infant swung
The stars on might of law,

Which silently they sung.

O Jesus, sweet and strong,
Who took the children's part,

Make me to Thee belong
As man with childlike heart.

A shrewd literary critic, to whom he
showed these verses, advised Father
Drummond to have them printed in the
form of a Christmas card and referred
him to a Catholic artist, a woman of
journalistic and general business ex-

perience, who had already published
artistic Christmas cards. The author,
who had written these verses without
thinking of any picture, now tried to
find a suitable one. The first one he ex-
amined was an accurate photograph of
the Sistine Madonna of Dresden. But,
though he found in the eyes of the In-
fant depth and power, he did not find
any look of childish wonder, such as
the opening lines describe, and such as
an)- naturally bright child might have.
Then the lady, who is a collector of art
treasures, showed Fr. Drummond an-
other picture, saying that it came nearer
to his idea. He agreed with her and
caused the picture to be engraved as
a frontispiece for a four-page card,
bearing his verses on the inside.

The most curious part of this coin-
cidence is that the photogravure is a
copy of a painting recently discovered
in some obscure corner of Paris. Con-
noisseurs agree that it must be a long-
lost Raphael : for it bears the impress
of his genius at its best. No other
painter could give to the Divine Infant's
eyes that look of combined eagerness
and serenity, and to the Mother that
virginal modesty which makes her veil
her own eyes in order that His may
shine.

The cards were put on the market un-
fortunately a little too late for distribu-
tion during the Christmas season
abroad, though quite a number were
sold in Montreal.

The verses, as reproduced above, re-
present a tour de force of condensation
and metre, all the lines being of the
same three-accent length and all rhym-
ing alternately. They convey a lesson
which is not confined to Christmastide,
but which underlies the whole mystery
of the Incarnation.

Copies of this unique Christmas card
can be had at twenty cents each from
the Secretary of the Catholic Social
Service Guild, 274 Union Ave., Mon-
treal. Canada. Dealers who may wish
to lav in a stock of these cards for
Christmas, 1921, can purchase them at
$15 a hundred.

"The Babe Divine," if set to music
by a real artist, might become a popular

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

hymn. It contains a variety of leit-
motifs : the gay beginning, the sombre
speechlessness ; the trumpet-toned pro-
clamation of the "Word personified;''
the Actus Purus hinted at in the line,
"by one act defined," the staccato enum-
eration of past, present, future, and
"futuribilia ;" the calm possession of the
universe ; the Mother's vision of the
stars "swung on might of law" by the
Infant, and the final plea of union with
the Babe Divine. The poem also lends
itself to translation into German because
most of the words are Saxon.

Entering upon a Period of Industrial

Depression — A Catholic Employer

to his Employees

A Catholic employer, the president
of a large industrial company, on Dec.
22nd, addressed the subjoined circular
letter to his employees, who have long
since been admitted to a share in the
profits of the business :
Dear Associates : —

Business, as you know, has "fritter-
ed" away to nothing, and ours is no ex-
ception, our sales for the fall months
being only a third of what they were
last year.

We are losing money hand-over-fist
every day, and we have been for some
months, but it was our idea that our
business was so good the first six
months of the year that it would take
care of the latter six months, and per-
haps leave us a little profit.

There have been no reductions in
salary, and everyone has been kept at
work, both on the road and at the fac-
tory, but we are all facing a problem
for next year, and it is my idea every-
one should expect to share some of the
loss and responsibility, and inasmuch
as we expect to keep everyone who has
been with us any length of time on the
payroll, it might be necessary for us to
make some drastic reductions, perhaps
331/3% off, beginning with myself and
to include everyone.

This is a matter, however, in which
everyone connected with the concern
should have a voice, and if anyone has
any suggestions to make, or can offer
a better plan, it would give me a great

deal of pleasure carefully to consider
same.

Let us hope, however, that business
will start off with a rush January 1st,
making no changes of any kind neces-
sarv. Yours, &c.

Consolidation of the "Herold des
Glaubens" with the "Amerika"

By a decision of the board of direc-
tors of the German Literary Society,
St. Louis, which publishes the Amerika
(a daily, Sunday, and semi-weekly
Catholic newspaper in the German lan-
guage, now in its fiftieth year) and the
Herold des Glaubens, the latter, the
oldest German Catholic weekly journal
published in the United States, has been
consolidated with the semi-weekly edi-
tion of the former, which now bears
the sub-title, Herold des Glaubens.

For seventy-two years the Herold has
valiantly served the Catholic cause
among the German immigrants and
their descendants, and if it loses its in-
dependent status now, the reason is
solely the natural extinction in America
of German as a spoken language, —
which fact is gradually rendering the
publication of German newspapers un-
necessary and unprofitable.

Unless we shall experience a notable
revival of German immigration within
the next few years, the entire German
press of the country is doomed. Its de-
cline is a great pity and involves a
serious loss, for no section of the Cath-
olic press has defended the faith more
courageously than, and none has upheld
such high standards as, the papers
printed in German. The war with its
untoward after-effects has greatly ac-
celerated the inevitable process of ex-
tinction. Let us hope that the spirit of
the German Catholic pioneer journals
will continue to live in their English
offshoots, among which the Fort-
nightly Review, like the Buffalo Echo
and a few other English-language
journals, is proud to be numbered.

~Kj>~

—After reading the Review, hand it to a
friend; perhaps he will subscribe, and you
will have done him a service and helped
along the apostolate of the good press.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

Mr. F. X. Weinschenk and His Efforts
on Behalf of the Catholic Press

The Daily American Tribune reports
the death, at Bellevue, la., of Mr. Frank
X. Weinschenk, a retired stock-raiser,
who had a strange career. Our con-
temporary tells a few things ahout that
career, namely, that in 1910, Mr. Wein-
schenk became interested in the project
of founding an international Catholic
telegraph agency which would supply
the people of the U. S., especially the
Catholics, with reliable news and in-
formation ; that he went to Europe and,
with Mr. Baumberger, of Zurich, and
others, organized the International In-
dependent Telegraph Agency, more
widely known as the "Juta," which he
finally took over entirely, but had to
give up as a failure, after devoting
a large sum of money and much time
and energy to an attempt at developing
it.

To this information we can add a
little more from personal knowledge.
Late in 1909, or early in 1910, Mr.
Weinschenk, at the suggestion of a
priest in whom he placed great con-
fidence, wrote to the Editor of the
Fortnightiy Review, saying that he
was willing to put a hundred thousand
dollars and more into a Catholic daily
newspaper if Mr. Preuss would assume
the editorship. The writer, who was
then slowly recovering from a severe
nervous breakdown, and did not think
that he would ever fully regain his
health, had to decline the offer, but he
advised Mr. Weinschenk to apply to
Archbishop Quigley, of Chicago, who
shortly before, in an interview with the
Editor of the F. R., had expressed deep
concern in the foundation of a Catholic
daily, so much so that he had thought
of purchasing the Evening Journal, of
that city.

Mr. Weinschenk went to see the
Archbishop, but the latter had mean-
while been persuaded that it would
be useless to start a Catholic daily un-
less there was previously established an
agency for furnishing reliable news.
He therefore advised Mr. W T einschenk
to devote his money to the establishment
of an international Catholic news
agency.

It was this advice that led Mr. Wein-
schenk to go to Europe and take a hand
in the "Juta," which had been estab-
lished some time previously, but was
on its last legs for want of funds. We
are unable to say how much money he
sank in the "juta," but the amount must
have been considerable. He returned to
America a year or so later, a very much
disappointed man.

While in Europe he had gained the
impression that Great Britain was ruling
the world through a big financial syndi-
cate, to which its government and ours
were subservient. He settled tempo-
rarily in Washington and there opened
a correspondence bureau, sending out
regular bulletins, filled with facts,
figures, and fancies. Before long he got
into trouble with the government, was
arrested, and held in confinement for
some time. It soon became apparent
that his mind had become deranged and
he was discharged, went back to his
home in Iowa, and the world never
heard of him any more.

The man had a genuine desire to
serve the Catholic cause with his money,
but unfortunately lacked judgment. The
Tribune thinks that his undertaking,
though a failure, probably paved the
way for the "Kipa" and the .News
Service of the N. C. W. C. This would
not be very much glory, even if Mr.
Weinschenk had originated the "Juta,"
which he did not. When he wrote us of
his interview with Archbishop Quigley
and of his intention of going to Europe
to save and develop the "Juta," we
thought it a mistake ; but having our-
selves sent him to Chicago, we did not
feel as if we should try to dissuade him
from following the Archbishop's ad-
vice. Had he stayed in Iowa and in-
vested his capital in the Dubuque Trib-
une, that paper would probably have
developed into a daily ten years ago and
now might possibly be self-sustaining.

The case of Mr. Weinschenk again
goes to show that it takes more than
money and a good intention to perform
an important public service to the Cath-
olic cause.

—If you do not bind your Review, hand
the copies to others after you have read them.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Lawlessness and its Cure
One of the most common and danger-
ous errors of our modern public life is
the assumption that the actions of men
can be controlled by statutes of civil
law, without any regard to the prin-
ciples and sanctions of the moral order.
Thousands and thousands of lawmakers
assemble every year in Congress, in the
legislatures, in the city councils, and all
are intent upon grinding out as many
laws and ordinances as they can to meet
every possible emergency. But as the
number of statutes in our criminal
codex have thus grown almost in infini-
tum, lawlessness has kept pace with
them, and the world is grown no better,
but worse. The saying of Rome's great-
est historian is to the point : "The State
is most corrupt when laws are most
numerous." In this matter there seems
to be an endless chain of cause and
effect : The multiplicity of laws produc-
ing a disregard for them, and this law-
lessness producing in turn a demand for
new and more stringent laws, and so
on without end, until the ruin of the
State is complete.

This is a very serious matter that
deserves the attention of all thoughtful
men. The danger is plain. If anything
were necessary to prove it, we should
but advert to the riot of crime that
is now spread like a sickening pall over
this our law-bound country.

But what is the remedy? Shall we
abolish our laws? Or shall we add new
ones to the long roster? Certainly,
neither the one nor the other expedient
would serve the purpose. What, then,
can be done? Enforce the laws we have?
Well, that might help some. That
answer, however, does not solve the
difficulty, but only shifts the responsibil-
ity from the criminal to the officers of
the law. These latter are, no doubt, do-
ing their best ; and if some officers really
be delinquent in their duty, their prac-
tice should be mended or ended. Yet,
after all, the question recurs : What can
be done to secure due respect for the
law of the land?

The true answer is : We must- place
our whole system of law upon a new,
or rather back upon the old, basis, name-

ly, the eternal law of right and equity
that God has inscribed upon the con-
science of mankind.

As Edmund Burke says: "All human
laws are, properly speaking, only decla-
ratory. They may alter the mode of
application, but have no power over the
substance of original justice." Now,
your lawyers will tell me : That is ex-
actly the principle on which our law-
makers act. Every law must be the ex-
pression of something that is right and
just. Yes, it must be, and perhaps it is,
as a rule: but our demand goes farther
than the small circle of lawyers and
legislators. If the mass of the people do
not regard your laws in this light, then
lawlessness will be the order of the day.
And that is where the trouble lies.
As one of our great orators has said:
"We do not live by the laws of our
land. You do not know one quarter of
the laws that are on our statute-books.
A virtuous and honest man does not
need to know what the laws are. He
does right of his own accord, and there-
fore the law has no force on him." In-
deed, a law-abiding citizen must first
of all be a moral man. The men of the
past generation were, for the most part,
religious men of strong faith and a
rugged sense of moral responsibility.
They submitted to the restrictions of
the civil law because they recognized
them as applications of the eternal law
of right. To raise up a new law-abiding
generation, we must train our children,
not only in the laws of nature, of eco-
nomics, and of the courts, but even more
so in the eternal law of righteousness
and justice and charity. We must insist,
not so much on their liberty, which so
often turns into license, but rather on
their duties to God and their fellow-
men. As long as God's eternal law is
ignored or ridiculed, so long we cannot
expect a due regard for the laws of
men, be they ever so wise. "A law is
valuable, not because it is law. but be-
cause there is right in it" ; and we may
add : A law will be observed the better,
the more men recognize the right that
is in it.

There is the only remedy for lawless-
ness and crime.

(Rev.) Iohx Rothensteixer

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

Mr. Towner on Federal Control
of Education

At a meeting held at Washington, D.
C, May 19, 20, 21, 1920, the Hon.
Horace M. Towner, Representative
from Iowa, and sponsor of the much-
discussed "Smith-Towner Bill", spoke
on "Education as a National Interest."
The address presents not a single argu-
ment which has not been answered time
and again. The speaker tried to take
away all ground of complaint from the
opponents to his scheme by blandly as-
suring that "we have no idea or inten-
tion of seeking control of education
when we suggest the creation of a de-
partment of education." The whole ad-
dress is a flat contradiction of this as-
sertion.

For in the very paragraph preceding
this statement, Mr. Towner said: "Un-
fortunately, we have never done what
we ought to have done years ago, name-
ly, create a Department of Education,
with its chief as a member of the Presi-
dent's cabinet."

But if the intended new department
will not seek "control of education,"
what will be its main purpose? Will it
not "investigate conditions" in schools,
prescribe courses of study, revise the
curriculum, "standardize" methods of
teaching, introduce strange subjects
into the class-room, etc.? For if all
these activities are not taken up at the
beginning, what guarantee have we that
they will not be attempted, once the
"Department" is well established?

There are two pet arguments which
are often brought forward by advocates
of the Bill. Mr. Towner made use of
them on this occasion. Referring to the
fact that we have a Department of
Agriculture, he asks : "Is it possible that
the development of agriculture is con-
sidered of greater interest and im-
portance to the people of the United
States than the development and en-
couragement of education?" Ergo, we
should have a Department of Educa-
tion.

There is no parity when these two
departments are considered with refer-
ence to their meeting a real and vital
need of our people. The Department of

Agriculture can do good work by offer-
ing practical suggestions to the farmers
and the dairymen. These suggestions, —
whether they be hints on exterminating
chinch-bugs, or methods of pressing
cheese, — will be of equal value to all
agriculturists. The "personal equation"
is not introduced, moral issues are not
at stake, personal liberties are not in-
fringed, higher moral and spiritual in-
terests are not involved.

The information and directions sup-
plied by the Department of Agriculture
have exactly the same meaning for our
entire rural population, and they can be
accepted or rejected without any cur-
tailment of one's right as a citizen, or
as a member of a democracy. But laws,
and directions for the education and
training of our children cannot be made
mandatory upon all citizens without
curtailing or taking away essential
rights.

Mr. Towner speaks of the danger
that threatens the Republic from illiter-
acy. If we "allow a determining portion
of our people to become or remain
ignorant and illiterate, then I fear there
is grave danger that the Republic will
ultimately fall, dishonoring itself, and
bringing upon itself the condemnation
of mankind and the malediction of his-
tory." Ignorance of the citizens of a
State is indeed deplorable, as we see
from the chaos now reigning in Russia.
But of late we have been told again
and again that it is the parlor sociol-
ogist, the college socialist, the "high-
brow" reformer, and others of this
kind who have added to the social dis-
content and have belittled legitimate
authority. Would it not be worth while
to teach these "reformers", before tak-
ing millions from the pockets of the
people for fighting illiteracy?

(Rev.) Albert Muxtsch, S. J.

— There is always a dearth of good plays
for the amateur and parochial stage, and it
will, therefore, interest some of our readers
to be told that the January number of the
Ladies' Flomc Journal contains a list of about
fifty one-act plays, arranged by authors' names
and with descriptive or critical comment, by
Mr. Henry McMahon. At the end is a short
list of "helpful manuals'' for amateur stage
directors.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

The K. of C. and that "Anti-Bolshevik
Propaganda"

The Catholic Sentinel, of Portland,
Ore., in its edition of Dec. 23rd, pub-
lished the following editorial note :

From two sources, both Catholic, we
note criticism of the "anti-Bolshevik"
propaganda of the Knights of Columbus
as spread by Messrs. Goldstein and Col-
lins, K. C. lecturers. Thus the Echo of
Buffalo. X. Y., quotes a letter from P.
H. Callahan of Louisville, Ky., well-
known manufacturer, and one of the
organizers of the Knights of Columbus
war work, who calls attention to the
anti-labor movement now going on
"under the guise of 100 per cent Am-
ericanism." "Colonel Callahan," says
the Echo, "expresses the fear that the
Knights of Columbus, of which organi-
zation he is a prominent member, will
line up with the reactionary forces
under the pretext of fighting Socialism
and Bolshevism, and points to the re-
actionary activity of David Goldstein
and Peter \Y. Collins, who, he says,
'are working overtime against any
change in the established order of
things.' "

The other complainant is G. J. Knapp,
who, "as a Catholic," writes to the N.
Y. Nation his views of Mr. Collins in
particular. He says :

"For several years the Knights of
Columbus have been sponsoring the lec-
ture tours of one Peter W. Collins. Mr.
Collins' special forte is calling for the
heart's blood of those who disagree with
him politically, especially the Bolshe-
vists and Socialists of every shade of
pink and red. His published interviews
and speeches have uniformly been noth-
ing more nor less than incitations to
riots. Thus, witness the following from
a published interview given by Mr. Col-
lins several months ago in a western
North Dakota city where I happened to
be editing a newspaper at the time :
They should be so handled that in a
few minutes they will be scurrying into
holes and corners to hide, or seeking
hospitals to have their wounds doctor-
ed.' What is this but inciting to violence
and bloodshed?"

We publish these complaints not to

endorse them, but to call the attention
of those concerned to them.

Thus far the Sentinel. We may add
that public attention has repeatedly been
drawn to the noxious activity of Messrs.
Collins and Goldstein by the Buffalo
Eclio, the St. Louis Amerika, the Belle-
ville Messenger, the Mount Angel
Magazine, the Milwaukee Catholic
Citizen, the Fortnightly Review,
and a number of other journals, ap-
parently without the slightest effect.
May we not hope that the leaders of
the K. of C. will soon perceive the un-
wisdom of letting these agitators parade
as champions of Catholic social reform,
of whose true principles they know
about as much as the man in the moon,
and to send in their stead men who will
explain and defend the social reconstruc-
tion policy of the National Catholic
Welfare Council, — men of the stamp,
for instance, of Col. P. H. Callahan, of
Louisville, Ky.? Collins and Goldstein
have done incalculable damage to the
cause of Catholicity and Columbian
knighthood during the past few years.

THEE'

A Journal of Opinion
Published Weekly

yHE ECHO'S editorials discuss
important religious, political,
economic, and industrial questions
from a thoroughly Catholic view-
point.

It contains thought - provoking
articles on "Social Reconstruction - '
by competent authorities.

A fearless Catholic Newspaper
that covers a distinct field.

Sample Copies on Request
Subscription: $2.00 a Year

THE ECHO

564 Dodge St. Buffalo, N. Y.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

The Government and Liberty Bonds

Senator Warren, chairman of the
Committee on Appropriations, is bine
about the prospects of the Treasury.
He says : "The government is now in
a position that we all would think un-
sound for a business man who was
borrowing from day to day on the
street, selling his paper where he might
. . . .During the war, of course, it was
easy to obtain funds, because every
patriotic, loyal citizen was anxious to
support . the government. They sub-
scribed for funds readily at a low rate
of interest; many of them, in fact, I
might almost say, a majority of them,
being compelled to borrow money to
buy the bonds. They have since had to
call upon the banks to relieve them, to
take the bonds from time to time, at a
reduction of from five to seventeen per
< ent. They have had to dispose of many
of them to pay their government taxes.
You will find the last payment of taxes
was largely made by those who liad no
other funds available and had to sell
their bonds."

These statements are interesting,
coming from a U. S. Senator. Even
more interesting, however, observes
The Freeman, is "the fact that those
who foresaw and foretold this state of
things during the great loan-drives were
luck)' to get away with their lives. It
now appears that the poor souls who
offered Liberty bonds to pay for the last
instalment of their income tax, could
get acceptance only at market-value.
The newspapers reported this, at any
rate, and we suppose they know.
Evidently the government is not out
to take any chances on these bonds ;
well, one can not blame the government,
for one would not do it oneself. Still, it
has a scurvy look, and does nothing to
distinguish the present as an era of
good feeling between the bondholders
and their Uncle Samuel. Think of it:
millions, probably, of those bondholders
never before in their lives held a se-
curity of any kind, and now when they
contemplate the value of those they do
hold, and recall the extravagant prom-
ises and assurances held out to them at
the time of purchase not so long ago,
thev must ruefully wonder why the un-

fortunate Mr. Ponzi, of Boston, has
been sent to prison."

A Colleague's Opinion of William
James

Dr. George Santayana, who was pro-
fessor of philosophy at Harvard, and
for years a colleague of the late William
James, in his remarkable book, "Char-
acter and Opinion in the United States,"
lately published in England, where he
now resides, says that the great psychol-
ogist was really no philosopher at all.

"On points of art and medicine," he
says, "[James] retained a professional
touch and an unconscious ease which
he had hardly acquired in metaphysics.
I suspect he had heartily admired some
of his masters in those other subjects,
but had never seen a philosopher whom
he would have cared to resemble....
His excursions into philosophy were of
the nature of raids."

Mr. Santayana insists that James was
always an agnostic : "He did not really
believe ; he merely believed in the right
of believing that you might be right if
you believed."

In fact, James was a democratic kind
American who criticized philosophy
and the harsh austerity of philosophers
out of his own democratic kindness.
Hence the "Varieties of Religious Ex-
perience," of which it has been said
that he arrives at no distinction between
religion and delirium tremens.

"The religions that had sprung up in
America spontaneously, communistic,
hysterical, spiritistic, or medicinal,"
says Santayana, "were despised by se-
lect and superior people ; so he would
not despise them. He was not going to
contract delirium tremens himself, but
--who knows? — it may be a way to
truth.... Philosophy for him had a
Polish constitution ; so long as a single
vote was cast against the majority,
nothing could pass."

In fact, James did not like religion.
"What a curse it would be," he said
once, "if one couldn't forget all about
it." The question arises — why did he
occupy himself with it so intensely?
That is a question Mr. Santayana can-
not answer.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

K. of C. Publications

A prominent Knight of Columbus
complains that the Order has had bad
luck with bulletins and other periodical
publications issued by members osten-
sibly in the interest of the organization.
In one instance, that of the Good of
the Order, Louisville, Ky., Col. P. H.
Callahan purchased a semi-monthly K.
of C. magazine in order to prevent it
from being made a vehicle of objection-
able advertising, political and otherwise,
and from advocating a policy wh : ch was
apt to prove detrimental rather than
beneficial to the Order.

This complaint suggests the question :
Would not a consistent utilization of
the existing Catholic press prove more
advantageous, both for the Order itself
and for the Catholic cause in general,
than the establishment of separate and
specifically K. of C. bulletins, reviews,
or magazines, which, as a rule, either
soon go under from lack of support or
are exploited for purposes foreign from,
cr even detrimental to, the aims and
policies of the Order?

+-*^+—

"An Orgy of Blackguardism''
Those who did not read Mr. G. B.
Shaw's articles on "The New Terror-
ism" that the Hearst papers printed in
three successive Sunday issues, missed
a dose of strong common sense.

Mr. Shaw writes with apparent
earnestness and sincerity and no sus-
picion of a jest. Among other equally
notable things he says :

"Extermination is a word which
should be in every one's mouth at the
present time, because it is the right word
for all those securitist policies of co-
ercion, retaliation, subjugation, re-
establishment of order, imperialism,
patriotism, and so forth, which have
made post-war statesmanship such an
orgy of blackguardism."

Those are just the right words in the
right place. "An orgy of blackguard-
ism" nicely covers everything that since
the armistice has taken place, first and
foremost at Versailles, and then at
every seat of Allied government, and
except for the rejection of the treaty, at
Washington as well. We are sick of it;
we were sick of it in anticipation before

it began ; and the presidential election
showed plainly enough that the great
majority of the people are sick of it.
The thing now, as Mr. Shaw suggests,
is for them to make themselves con-
scious of one another and of their
strength, and to take the word "exter-
mination" purposefully into their
mouths.

~kj>~

The War to Blame?

Commenting on the nation-wide wave
of crime (see Fr. Rothensteiner's article
in our No. 1), The Freeman says:

"A good many men are out of work,
out of money, more or less hungry and
at loose ends. They have had author-
itative instruction from the U. S. gov-
ernment upon the essential cheapness
and worthlessness of human life, and
upon the sanction of violence in estab-
lishing title to property. They now, pre-
sumably, are adapting their education
to the highly practical purpose of get-
ting on in the world, quite as they have
seen governments do. They are taking
over to themselves, in other words, the
'political means' of satisfying their
needs and desires, and exercising it in
an amateur way ; and they appear to be
doing exceedingly well with it every-
where, and reflecting credit upon their
instructors.

"As long as governments insist that it
is not only right, but important and
necessary, to kill their enemies, so long
will private persons assume upon oc-
casion the right to kill theirs. As long
as President Wilson and his associates
admit the public right of robbing Ger-
mans, Russians, Irish, Syrians, and
what not, so long will the private right
of vis major be assumed on occasion as
establishing title to such portable prop-
ertv as may be handy. That is one of
the drawbacks of such little experiences
as the country has been passing through
during the past four years. The logic of
the case, moreover, does not seem wholly
against the law-breaker. If, for the ad-
vantage of the State and its beneficia-
ries, it is right to kill and rob human
beings who were born in Germany, why
is it not right, for one's own advantage,
to kill and rob human beings who were
born in Connecticut or Kentucky?"

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

The Wrong Way to Combat Socialism

A priest who is a member of a re-
ligious order and a teacher in one of
our American colleges for the training
of foreign missionaries, wrote to us the
other day :

The Fortnightly Review has often
complained that many of our Catholic
sociologists and public speakers vehe-
mently denounce Socialism in all its
phases without even suggesting a con-
structive programme for the healing of
the real evils from which society is so
manifestly suffering. I found your
statements verified in some recent meet-
ings which I attended. Eloquent speak-
ers discoursed on Socialism, its spread,
its alleged aims, etc., etc. They raved
against it and relegated it to the lowest
pit of hell without even once remark-
ing that the people, especially the work-
ing classes, have just and real griev-
ances which deserve attention and re-
dress. The whole cure proposed by these
self-constituted social doctors was the
imprisonment and deportation of all
agitators, — as if Bolshevism could be
combatted in this fashion ! It is astound-
ing how superficially these important
problems are treated by men who pre-
tend to know the ins and outs of Social-
ism, but evidently have made no serious
study of the social problem. It seems to
me, as it does to the F. R., that such
a treatment of the biggest issue that is
before the people to-day does more
harm than good, and justifies the com-
plaint made occasionally by Socialists
that we Catholics do not understand
their point of view at all. Let us hope
that your criticism of the present slip-
shod methods of combatting Socialism
will be heeded and taken to heart by
those who think themselves fit and
called to combat Socialism in speech
and writing. — J. E.

-•-

Another "Prominent Catholic
Economist"

A recent issue of the National Civic
Federation Review carries another ar-
ticle by P. Tecumseh Sherman. It is
along the same line as an article by him
which appeared last September, but in
this instance there is an additional
headline to accentuate the fact of his

being a prominent Catholic layman,
which will be stressed by some of our
non-Catholic friends as in the cases of
Collins and Goldstein, who have been
given such prominence as Catholic
economists, whereas they are not econ-
omists at all.

This looks like a brazen effort, with a
plan and personnel carefully prepared
and selected, to offset the National
Catholic Welfare Council's official pro-
gramme. Perhaps our capitalist friends
will now create a "Society of Little
Catholic Brothers of the Rich," to help
them oppose and defeat the objects of
the Catholic reconstruction programme
and retain every detail of the present-
order-of-things.

Sherman's "record" shows, by the
way, that he has opposed a minimum
wage and shorter hours at some of the
State legislatures.

"Non defensoribus istis. . . '."
-~~s~~.

A Masonic Lodge at Harvard
University

According to the Christian Science
Monitor, what is believed to be the first
lodge of the Ancient and Accepted
Scottish Rite of Freemasonry identified
with any university, has lately been es-
tablished at Harvard, under the "dis-
pensation" of the Grand Lodge of Mas-
sachusetts.

In the fact that there were 75 signers,
representing more than forty jurisdic-
tions in the U. S., our Boston contempo-
rary, which, strange to say, serves the
cause of Freemasonry with equal zeal
as that of Christian Science, sees a
"wide possibility for the furtherance
of fraternal ideals and Masonic fellow-
ship among the students and faculty
members of the institute who are mem-
bers of the craft."

It seems inexplicable that, while some
of our colleges and highschools are
abolishing the comparatively harmless
Greek letter fraternities on account of
the evils resulting from secret societies
among the students, the ancient and
venerable university of Harvard should
permit the establishment of real Free-
masonry among its students. From
the Catholic point of view one cannot
but regard it as a bad omen.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Catholic Art and Architecture

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been highly recommended by experts and members of the hierarchy and clerjry who have made
a study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Forty Years of Missionary Life

in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.

(Twenty-third Installment)

"Uncle Nick" kept the church and church-
yard through all those years as neatly as he
could. Great was his joy when I came as
resident pastor, and innumerable were the
services which he rendered to all the Catholic
immigrants. No way was too far, no work
too hard for him. I myself found in him a
real father and the best of friends. His
was truly a golden heart. The last night he
spent at my house we were together until mid-
night. That night he told me that for years
and years he had still hoped to become a
priest, but now felt satisfied that he had not
reached that dignity on account of the great
responsibility before the Judge, whom he
was soon to meet. Little we thought then
that this was to be our last social meeting.

Being well known and respected for over
ioo miles around Pocahontas, "Uncle Nick"
had done as much to destroy prejudice
amongst outsiders as any priest could have
done. His strict honesty was admired every-
where. He always and everywhere freely
professed his faith. His spotless life was an
edification to all. In the time of the "Know-
nothings," Southeastern Missouri was full of
bigots and propagandists, who tried to de-
stroy the Catholic Church ; but in Northeast
Arkansas they found strong opponents, who
said that the religion which produced such
men as "Uncle Nick," deserved respect.
Withal he was quite witty and never lost his
temper in a controversy. At one time a
Baptist tried to prove to him that all men
ought to be baptized by immersion in a river
or lake. "Uncle Nick" replied : "I suppose
that is the best for you ; you do not take
kindly to baths, anyhow." He was buried in
cassock and surplice as a cleric, under die
large cross in the center of the cemetery. I
am sure he received a splendid crown from
the Lord, whom he had served to faithfully.

On the 17th of October of that year Mr.
George Gleissner was ordained to the priest-
hood by Bishop Fitzgerald at the cathedral
in Little Rock, together with Mr. Patrick
McCormack. On the 28th he celebrated his
first Mass at Pocahontas. Father Felix
Rumpf, O.S.B., then rector of St. Edward's
Church, Little Rock, preached and assisted as
deacon at the Mass, whilst Rev. Father Theo-
dore Smith, O.S.B., from Doniphan, Mo., was

subdeacon and I acted as assistant priest..
Rev. Father Pius Moran, a well-known Do-
minican missionary, at that time rector of St.
Peter's Church, Memphis, Tenn., preached an
eloquent English sermon. A large crowd
attended. All the guests were treated hospit-
ably at the rectory.

Father Gleissner's first Mass was the first
celebration of that kind in Northeast Arkan-
sas, and he was the first German priest or-
dained for the Diocese of Little Rock. From
that time on Father Gleissner and I together
attended Pocahontas and the missions of
Northeastern Arkansas.

The day following this celebration Mrs.
Mary Weibel, my sister-in-law, a sister of the
Indian missionary, Father Bede Marty,
O.S.B., then in North Dakota, died. At her
funeral, for the first time, a solemn requiem
was celebrated at Pocahontas Thus sadness
followed joy, illustrating the saying: "Media
vita mortc suimts cirenmdati."

That fall three Dominican nuns — Sister
Mary Frances, Sister Mary Petra, and Sister
Mary Teresa, — of Racine, Wis., took charge
of the parochial school at Pocahontas. With
them was Sister Mary Laurentia, who took
care of the housework.

A mission preached by Rev. Alphonse
Leute, O.S.B., from St. Meinrad's, concluded
this year.

Meanwhile the congregation at Jonesboro
had also increased. The few families of that
place worked like "beavers" for their church.
At the beginning of the year they had Mass
on two Sundays a month. However, the
whole congregation was called together by
the church bell also on the other Sundays.
On those so-called "priestless" Sundays the
altar boys would kneel at the altar ; the can-
dles were lit ; the Mass prayers, the epistle
and gospel with explanation were read from
the gallery by some good reader ; then the
rosary was recited and some congregational
singing intermingled with the services. Thus
the fervor and faith of the people were nour-
ished. Sunday afternoons, at three o'clock,
Mrs. Maria Teall, of the Commercial Hotel,
would teach catechism, and I do not remem-
ber of any Catholic boys or girls missing.
Mrs. Teall used Deharbe's large catechism and
Schuster's Bible History. In an examination,
a hot contest of several hours brought out
the fact that three of the children did not
miss a single question from that large and diffi-
cult catechism. Times have changed. To-
day even priests find it difficult to get the
children to appear Sunday afternoon and to

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

NEW AND IMPOKTANT

THE OTHER LIFE

By the RIGHT REV. WILLIAM SCHNEIDER,

Bishop of Paderborn

S. T. D.

Translated from the Eleventh Edition of the German Original
Revised and Edited by the REV. HERBERT THURSTON, S. J.

Cloth, net $3.50

There has been of late a very large output of non-
Catholic books dealing with the life after death.
Every unorthodox and fantastic opinion has found
supporters, and especially the present-day craze for
Spiritism is well represented in this literature.

The need of a sound and attractive exposition of
the Catnulic teaching on this subject has been in-
creasingly felt, and in its issue of July, 1918,
CATHOLIC COOK NOTES (London) voiced this
urgent need, saying that "such a book, well written,
abreast of the best scholarship, fair and courteous,
critical but thoroughly Catholic, would be most wel-
come."

The present book is intended to supply this need
and the names and the renown of both the author

and the editor would seem to offer ample guarantee
that the book will meet all requirements of a
SAFE AND SOUND STATEMENT of what the
Church teaches on the subject.

While thoroughly up to date in utilizing achieve-
ments of science, and in meeting the objections of
scientists antagonistic to the faith, the author has
wisely taken the writings of the Fathers and Doctors
of the Church as the foundation for his work, and
his views and statements are invariably supported by
unquestionable authorities, with the result that we
have here an ABSOLUTELY RELIABLE HAND-
BOOK ON ALL SUBJECTS OF CATHOLIC
ESCHATOLOGY.

JOSEPH F. WAGNER (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co.

memorize anything difficult. The larger De-
lia rbe in our days would perhaps be regarded
difficult even in Catholic boarding schools and
colleges. But in this way the people and the
children were always well prepared for the
visits of the priest.

Paragould and Peach Orchard also had
each a Sunday, whilst Corning, Newport,
and the other railroad stations were attended
on weekdays. One of us was almost con-
tinually on the missions, whilst the other
remained at Pocahontas. We generally alter-
nated in this. The school in Pocahontas this
year counted 108 pupils, of whom eighty were
Catholics. From time to time entertainments
were given by the pupils. The editor of the
Portia Free Press, who had assisted at a
drama and several comedies given by the
school children in 1887, praised the dramati-
cal and musical achievements and remarked :
Notwithstanding the mixture of nationalities
a more friendly and harmonious condition
cannot be imagined than we found among
the happy pupils of St. Paul's school in Poca-
hontas.

At Altus, Ark., Father Maria Beatus Zis-
wyler. a Swiss priest, had established a
colony. He worked hard to build up the
church and school. He did most of the car-
penter's work himself. He also worked in
the fields plowing and hoeing, and tried his
best to get along. The congregation was of
considerable size, but composed of people

from almost all parts of the globe. The in-
defatigable priest was too much inclined to
have his own way, and commanded and ruled
imprudently in many things not belonging
to his office. The people were likewise very
stubborn, and thus there resulted many
clashes, until Bishop Fitzgerald saw himself
forced to place the parish under the inter-
dict. Tins only increased the mutual dis-
trust and animosity. The people finally ap-
pealed to the Archbishop of New Orleans.
In that troubled period the Bishop sent me to
Altus to preach a mission and to try to re-
store peace. He also gave me the faculties
necessary to reopen the church. Everybody
attended and received the sacraments. At
the conclusion of the mission a conference
was held with all the men of the congrega-
tion present, and the different complaints
were laid before me for consideration. All
agreed that no serious scandal had been
given : that Father Ziswyler was a zealous
priest, and that the source of the trouble was
nothing but mutual misunderstanding and
distrust. They promised to attend the church
and obey the pastor, and thus the trouble
ended. It is remarkable that Father Zis-
wyler was well liked in his other missions.
The good priest, who meant so well, died a
few weeks after, on July 25, 1887. A corre-
spondent from Hartman, Johnson County,
wrote of him on July 28, 1887: "Is it really
true that our much-beloved parish priest, M.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

B. Ziswyler, is dead? We, his parishioners
of the Sacred Heart Church in Hartman,
can hardly believe that we shall see him no
more ; that we shall no more hear his beauti-
ful sermons, and no longer enjoy his conver-
sation; and still the fact that we assisted
at his funeral, July 27, proves to us that it
is really so. Well, dear soul, be resigned to
the wise disposition of the Almighty, who
has called His faithful servant to bestow
upon him the reward for his faithful work in
His vineyard. That this is a beautiful re-
ward those can judge who had the good luck
to be present at his death, and witness the
sweet smile of the dying man, like a reflex
of glory. The Rev. M. B. Ziswyler came to
Arkansas eight years ago and settled in
Altus, Franklin County, to establish a Cath-
olic colony. In the midst of the forest, on a
high rocky plateau, he built the house which
was used in the beginning also as a church.
Though of a weak constitution he trans-
formed the woods around by the work of his
own hands into a paradise. Through his
tireless activity he succeeded in erecting a
fine church, visible far away through the Ar-
kansas Valley. The congregation of the
Sacred Heart in Hartman was attended by
him. It lies about twelve miles from his resi-
dence, and he went there usually on horse-
hack. Whenever he was not sick abed, bad
weather could not prevent him from his visit.
Several times during high water he had to
swim with his pony through the swift creek
at the risk of his life. True to his vocation,
'A friend in need is a friend indeed.' He
will live long in the hearts of many. R.
I. P."

After Father Ziswyler's death the congre-
gation at Altus was given to the Benedictines
ot New Subiaco. Under their administration
a beautiful stone church and a large rectory
were built. (To be continued)
~<J>~ — :

—If the Fortnightly Review fails in stim-
ulating its readers to think for themselves —
even to the point of occasional disagreement
with its utterances — its purpose is not at-
tained.

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

— The K able gram, a fraternal organ, says
in its October (1920) number that "less than
half the fraternal insurance societies in the
United States are actually solvent." It would
be interesting to know how many Catholic
societies are among the solvent ones.

—The Church of Our Lady of the Hundred
Gates, in Paros, of which H. H. Jewell and
F. W. Harluck give an elaborate description
in their work under that title (Macmillan),
contains a feature which is said to be abso-
lutely unique, namely, a marble ciborium
with beautiful early Byzantine columns and
capitals. All other stone ciboria, Mr. Has-
luck assures us, have disappeared from By-
zantine churches, being replaced (as have
also most stone screens) by gilded and
painted wood.

— There is nothing new under the sun.
Dr. Thomas Ashby, the archaeological
authority of the London Times, points out in
the Literary Supplement of that paper (No.
985), that the type of house found in the
ruins of ancient Ostia (Italy), corresponds
closely to the modern apartment house.
Calza has lately published an interesting
study of an important group of excavated
houses belonging to the time of Hadrian,
from which it appears that shops were built
in blocks with a common fagade, four stories
high, and with flats and apartments above.
Can you imagine anything more modern?

—A former member of the A. P. A. nar-
rates his experience in that delectable so-
ciety in the Christian Cynosure for January,
pp. 280 sq. He says he joined the A. P. A.
at Sterling, 111., nearly thirty years ago, be-
cause he had been persuaded that a general
massacre of Protestants by Catholics was
close at hand. The following significant para-
graphs of his confession are worthy of be-
ing reproduced by the Catholic press: "We
heard many wonderful things about Catholic
preparations and threats — uttered or implied.
I was then credulous, but now believe that
nine-tenths of these 'scares' were manufac-
tured in and by Masonic brains." "I cannot
recall a single point in the A. P. A. lodge

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars i* v** - i«m v» p f p p i*

SEGAR LOGIC

ire not strong segars. Ther

rpHERE are heavy segars that are not strong segars. There is a big difference between
- 1 - the words strong and heavy in applying them to segars. There are heavy segars, if they
are properly blended; but a strong segar, made from strong tobacco, we would call a rank
segar. What we mean by strong tobacco is coarse, crude tobacco, grown in a harsh climate,
or tobacco improperly cured. Of course, any tobacco grown on improper soil, or soil that
is improperly cultivated, cannot become good tobacco. In other words, you cannot make
good leaf out of poor leaf by any method of curing; but you can make poor leaf out of
good leaf by curing it improperly.

Kin tl 9(1 Sent P° st Paid on Receipt of Money Order or N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory.

IUU""4> liOU pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mail

50--S4.00

Established 1866

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N". Y.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

ritual or ceremony or 'grip' that does not
clearly carry the Masonic brand."

— The play "Mixed Marriage," by St. John
Ervine, now running in London and New
York and highly lauded by critics, is de-
scribed as "an uncompromising appeal for
the destruction of religious bigotry in Ire-
land as the only possible solution of the
Irish question." The heroine is a Protestant
mother who tries to persuade her son to
marry a Catholic girl against the will of his
father, who (rightly) disbelieves in "mixed
marriages." The whole thing is really nothing
more or less than an uncompromising attack
upon the Catholic position and should there-
fore be disavowed and shunned by all loyal
Catholics. We already have more mixed
marriages than is good for the Catholic cause
and the salvation of souls.

— The Josephinum Alumni Journal sug-
gests that some one write a life of the late
Msgr. Joseph Jessing, founder and first rec-
tor of the Pontifical Josephinum College and
Seminary at Columbus, O. Father Jessing
was an extraordinary man, and enough time
has elapsed since his death, (over twenty
years), to make it possible to review his
life and deeds impartially. That they should
be recorded for future generations goes
without saying. The Journal announces that
Dr. Och, the present rector, has worked out
a plan for a life of the founder and will soon
publish an appeal to all who knew Father
Jessing personally, or who corresponded
with him, to forward all pertinent materials
to the editor of the Alumni Journal.

— Nowadays there is hardly a subject.
however abstruse, which does not find an or-
gan interested in it. Every important "cause"
has its own journalistic champions to advo-
cate its principles, however absurd they may
be; and there is even tolerance for the ad-
vocacy of principles opposed to the public

good in the eyes of the majority. Every wave
of political or religious feeling finds an in-
stant reflection in the press, and can be
traced in the very titles of the newspapers
and reviews founded in years gone by. "There
is nothing new except what is forgotten,"
said her dressmaker to Marie Antoinette;
and it is natural that historians nowadays
should turn more and more to the files of
periodicals in order to write the history of
times gone by.

— In the eighteenth century the stout old
English Tory was wont to address his hom-
age to his editor in verse, and sometimes
thought the English language too weak for
the compliments he wished to pay. Dr. John-
son's ode "Ad Urbanum" (Sylvanus Urban
was the pen name of Edward Cave, who
edited the Gentlemen's Magazine) appeared
in that magazine for March, 1738. The first
two stanzas of it ran as follows :

Urbane, nullis fesse laboribus,

Urbane, nullis victe calumniis,
Cui fronte sertuni in erudita
Perpetuo viret et virebit;

Quid moliatur gens imitantium

Quid et minetur, sollicitus parum
Vacare solis perge Musis
Juxta animo studiisque felix.

Cave, unlike most of his colleagues then
and now. passed the last twenty years of his
life "in affluence."

— We are indebted to a correspondent of
the Catholic Tribune (weekly ed., Vol. XXII,
No. 1 141) for the information that the
Latin Hymn to St. Michael, which we re-
printed from a Diktat of the late Cardinal
Fischer in our issue of Nov. 1st, 1920, is
found in an old Luxemburg Kyriale of un-
certain date and in several hymn books print-
ed in that country since i860. The Luxemburg
version has two strophes which are missing
in our text, but lacks strophes III and IV.
The Tribune's correspondent thinks that the
words "protector sis Ger maniac'' point to

TWO I N ONE

An alms for the poor missionaries and
Mass said for your own intentions.

Send ns your Mass stipends for the

African Missionaries, who are much in

need of them and we shall forward the

money free of charge

SODALITY OF ST. PETER CLAVER

For the African Missions

219 Fullerton Building

ST. LOUIS, MO.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

A Message
of Friendly
Advice

4 'Every

Investment

Service"

Invest Your Savings Today

You could hardly select a more opportune time to place your
funds, whether in —

Government, Municipal or Prime Corporation Bonds
than December, 1920

Prices of GOOD securities now reflect big
values — interest yields are from o to 8% in the
sound, substantial bonds and notes we offer.

Would you be relieved of detail and worry ? Why not arrange with us

to discuss the serious problem of investment? We offer you the use

of our extensive facilities, close co-operation, the counsel, experience

and friendly interest of a long-established Investment House.

May we not help yon at this important time ? We are

here to promote, to protect, YOUR INTERESTS. A

hearty welcome to you, whether you write or call !

Bowman, Cost & Company

Investment Bankers

506 Olive Street Local ^^S stance St. Louis, Mo.

a German origin. A Cleveland Jesuit, by the
way, has set the hymn to music and kindly
dedicated the composition to the Editor of
the Fortnightly Review, for which com-
pliment we are duly thankful.

— The Rev. Father Cordes, director of the
School for Church Music anl organist of the
Cathedral at Paderborn, Westfalia, Ger-
many, writes to an American priest to in-
quire, whether graduates of that school can
secure employment in this country, as at
present there is no hope for them at home.
Pastors interested are requested to corre-
spend with Father Cordes directly or through
the Rt. Rev. Msgr. G. Heer, St. Mary's
Church, Dubuque, la.

— In calling attention to "the frivolity,
sensuality, indecency, appalling illiteracy and
endless platitudes of the American stage,"
Henry Ford's Dearborn Independent (Vol.
XXI, No. 10) says : "There is more un-
refined indecency in the higher class theaters
to-day than was ever permitted by the police
in the burlesque houses. The lower classes
must be restrained in the vicarious exercise
of their lower natures, apparently, but the
wealthier classes may go the limit. The price
of the ticket and the 'class' of the playhouse
seems to make all the difference in the world
between prohibited and permissible evil."
This fact seems to be overlooked by a good
many of our would-be reformers, who devote
their activities to the cheap vaudeville houses

and leave the so-called high-class theatres
severely alone. Needless to say, the latter
are much more difficult to reform than the
former, because of the wealth and social po-
sition of the public that frequents them.

— Mrs. Asquith, whose autobiography is
being so widely discussed at present, lacks
the delicacy that marks the true lady. The
way she invades the privacy of others is hard-
ly less shocking than the manner in which she
exposes her own personal and family affairs.
Take this passage, for instance : "I lost my
babies in three out of four confinements.
These poignant and secret griefs have no
place on the high-road of life; but, just as
Henry and I will stand sometimes side by
side near those little graves unseen by stran-
gers, so he and I in unobserved moments will
touch with one heart an unforgotten sorrow."
"Secret" griefs, "unseen by strangers," "un-
observed moments" — all to be had for a few
dollars in a gaudily jacketed volume!

— A pleasing sketch of the kind of stage
play that held vogue in England before the
Renaissance is given by Mr. Patrick Kirwan
in "The Dawn of the English Drama" (Lon-
don: Harding and More). The author shows
the dramatic influence by which Shakespeare
and his contemporaries were affected before
the stage became completely secularized. The
liturgy gave the first impulse to the drama in
Christian England, and the Scriptures pro-
vided a store of material for the construction

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

January 15

cf miracle and mystery plays, and also of the
moralities, whilst from the old guilds com-
panies of actors were formed. All this is
lucidly explained by Air. Kirwan, who, by way
of illustrating his commentary, prints in full
one of the mystery plays from the Towneley
collection.

-♦ ♦<£-•-

Literary Briefs

— "First Communion Days," by a Sister of
Notre Dame, contains a new series of tales
similar and equal to those which were so
cordially welcomed about a year ago under
the title "Stories for First Communicants."
"With these sets of stories at hand," says
Father W. Roche, S. J., in a brief preface,
"one can face with some confidence the diffi-
cult task of preparing little children of six
and seven for the Sacraments." (Sands &
Co. and B. Herder Book Co.)

— A banshee, in Irish and Scotch folk-lore,
is a fairy visitant, usually in the shape of an
old woman, whose wailing foretells death.
The banshee superstition belongs entirely to
the Celts and has no corresponding feature
in Scandinavian, Teutonic, or classic myth-
ology. Sands & Co. have lately published a
kind of popular handbook to the banshee, its
nature, activities and appearances, with many
stories from the present and the past ("The
Banshee," by Elliot O'Donnell). The writer
includes his own experiences with the O'Don-
nell banshee.

—The Rev. Charles A. Bruehl, of Over-
brook Seminary, who does the book review-
ing for the Salesianum, is not afraid to speak
his honest opinion, even when there is ques-
tion of the works of much-bepraised authors.
In the current issue of that magazine (Vol.
XV. Xo. 5) he expresses himself as follows
on "Europe and the Faith." by Hilaire Belloc,

whom we have repeatedly described as a
vastly overrated writer: "Mr. Belloc's book
will satisfy neither the historian nor the
philosopher. It merely irritates. Call it
scintillating, if you will, but it sparkles only
with glittering generalities. We are in the
clouds from begining to end and never touch
anywhere the bedrock of historical reality.
I do not know to what class of readers a
book written in that strain could possibly
be useful. It ends with the enigmatical
dictum : 'The Faith is Europe. And Europe
is the Faith.' 'Europe is the Faith.' Now
what is that? A paradox, with an under-
lying profound and esoteric meaning, or just
plain nonsense. I have a shrewd suspicion
that it verges, if it does not actually trespass,
on the absurd. The book reminds one of the
subjective constructions of history indulged
in by the Hegelian school." .

Books Received

Social Reconstruction. By John A. Ryan, D. D., L.

L. D., Professor of Moral Theology at the Cath-

lic University of America, vi & 241 pp. 12mo.

New York: Macmillan Co. 1920. $2.50.
First Communion Davs. By a Sister of Notre Dame.

Illustrated by Wilfred Pippett. 96 pp. 12mo.

Sands & Co. and B. Herder Book Co. 1920. 75cts.

net.
Christian Marriage a Sacrament. By Rev. D. Mc-

Bride, D. D., Professor of Canon Law and Moral

Theology in St. Augustine's Seminary. 48 pp.

16mo. The Catholic Truth Society of Canada.

1920. (Pamphlet).
The International Jew. The World's Foremost

Problem, vi & 235 pp. 16mo. Dearborn, Mich.:

The Dearborn Publishing Co. 1920. 25 cts.

(wrapper).
I.chrbuch der Dogmatik in sicben Biichern. Fur

akademische Vorlesungen und zum Selbstunter-

richt. Von Joseph Pohle, Doktor der Theol. u. d.

Philos., der letzteren o. 6. Professor an der Uni-

versitat Breslau, Hauspralat Sr. Heiligkeit. Erster

Band. Siebte, verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage.

xii & 483 pp. 8vo. Paderborn: Ferd. Schoeningh.

1920.

The WOLFRAM COMPANY

17 Chestnut Street
Columbus, Ohio

WOLFRAMS SANOS

S9.90 per bottle $0.04 War Tax

5.00 6 bottles 0.24

9.50 12 bottles 0.4S

WOLFRAM'S CATARRH REMKDY. for Catarrh of
the Head, Nose, Throat, Hay Fever, and General
Catarrhal Conditions.

$[.25 per bottle So 05 War Tax

7,00 6 bottles 0.30

13.00 12 bottles 0.60

WOLFRAM'S CONSTIPATION CAPSULES, for Re
liof of Constipation, Very beneficial indirectly
in Auto-intoxication, Piles, and the more com-
mon forms of Urinary disturbuuees,

$2.00 per box $0.08 War Tax

5.00 3 boxes 0.24

WOLFRAM'S THROAT CHIPS, for Coughs, Tick-
ling in the Throat, Smoker's Sore Throat, for
Singers and Speakers,

$1.00 per doz. Small Boxes $0.12 War Tax
2. , so per doz. Large Boxes 0.12
WOLFRAM'S SO-MHFKA. should be used when
suffering from Gas, Indigestion, Sour Stomach
and Bloatedness.

So. 10 per Small Box $3.01 War Trx

1. 00 per Lai ge Box 004

WOLFRAM'S MALTUM, to be used in place of Tea
or coffee, for assisting in getting a weak stomach
in good condition and building up the system.
$0.25 Per Package $5.00 22 packages

1921 THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW 33

NE W! A most timely and valuable contribution to the Catholic Pulpit.

A PAROCHIAL COURSE OF
DOCTRINAL INSTRUCTIONS

For All Sundays and Holydays of the Year

Based on the Catechism of the Council of Trent, and Harmonized with the
Gospels and Epistles of the Sundays and Feasts

Prepared and Arranged by the Rev. Charles J. Callan, O. P., and the Rev.

J. A. McHngh, O. P., Professors in the Theological Faculty

of Maryknoll Seminary, Ossining, N. Y.

With an Introduction by the Most Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, D. D.,

Archbishop of New York

Complete in Four Volumes
(Vols. I and II: Dogmatic Series; Vol. III. and IV: Moral Series)

Volume I is now ready.
Vols. II, III, and IV in active preparation.

Price per volume, bound in cloth, net, $3.50

The purpose of this work is to make most available for practical use in parochial preach-
ing the Catechism of the Council of Trent, and to assist in a practical manner in carrying
out the wish of the Fathers of the Council that its contents be so treated as to harmonize
with the Gospels and Epistles of the Sundays and Feasts throughout the year. By a care-
fully devised plan the matter is so distributed, in harmony with the liturgy, that the first
two volumes cover all dogmatic subjects in the space of one year, and the last two volumes
similarly treat all moral subjects within the limits of a second year.

Thus, by means of this Course, every two years both, clergy and laity, while being kept
in close touch with the Gospels and Epistles, will be taken without omissions or repetitions
over the whole field of practical Christian doctrine. This plan, furthermore, is in perfect
agreement with the directions of the New Code of Canon Law (Canons 1347, 1344).

For the competent, lucid, and interesting exposition of the Christian Truths there are
provided in this work not only the entire text of the Catechism of Trent, in an adequate,
modern English version, but also original, suggestive Outlines of the subjects, and standard
modern Sermons by various pulpit orators, effectively illustrating each subject.

A weighty advantage of the plan followed in this work is that the monotony of prolonged
consecutive treatment of particular subjects is obviated, and interest is stimulated by the
variety which is afforded.

In his Introduction to the work Archbishop Hays says :

"No more timely and valuable contribution to the Catholic Pulpit could
possibly be made than the "Parochial Course of Doctrinal Instructions'",
prepared by Peverend Fathers Callan and McHugh. ,t

JOSEPH F. WAGNER (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

$1 Invested
Today will
Be worth
$2 Invested
Later On

H% to 8%
in Government
Municipal
Corporation
BONDS

-Every

Investment

Service"

The Golden Age for Investors

If you have ready money to invest at this time, invest
through responsible investment bankers in time-tested,
sound securities.
As the purchasing power of the dollar increases from its low point of
about 50% of normal, prices of good bonds and notes are bound to react
ECONOMIC LAWS ARE JUST AS UNCHANGEABLE
AS MORAL OR RELIGIOUS STATUTES. HISTORY
TEACHES THAT A FALL IN INTEREST RATES
PRECEDES A RISE IN PRICES OF FIXED INTER-
EST-BEARING SECURITIES.
You can invest without anxiety, with freedom, confidence, satisfaction
and pleasure in the securities recommended by this House. We are
gratified to number among our patrons many readers of The Fort-
nightia' Review.

We solicit YOUR confidence and YOUR patronage, in a
spirit of helpful, friendly service. Write us fully today
or, if possible, call at our offices.

Bowman, Cost & Company

Investment Bankers

506 Olive Street

Local and I.oug Distance
Telephones

St. Louis, Mo.

TWO IN ONE

An alms for the poor missionaries and
Mass said for your own intentions.

Send ns your Mass stipends for tbe

African Missionaries, who are much in

need of them and we shall forward the

money free of charge

SODALITY OF ST. PETER CLAVER

For the African Missions

1 2 19 Fullerton Building ST. LOUIS, MO.

. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCK5TEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 3

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

February 1, 1921

Gifts

By Charles J. Quirk, S.J.

I bring no flowers. Mother, costly, rare,
To deck thy grave ; but at God's feet I lay
Love-thoughts of thee which blossom into
prayer !

•-•-<$>♦-•

A Criticism of "The Outline of His-
tory" by H. G. Wells

Henry A. Lappin, Litt. D., contributes
to the Catholic World (No. 670) a
lengthy criticism of "The Outline of
History," by Mr. H. G. Wells, which
is being wildly heralded as "the best
presentation of universal history yet
achieved by the mind of man," etc. We
quote two passages from Mr. Lappin's
review and hope they will lead our
readers to study his scholarly article.

"The merits of the work are, in fact,
purely literary. As history it is pro-
foundly negligible. Why is this so? Be-
cause Wells started out on his huge task
with certain preconceptions, theories
and hypotheses — many of them, inci-
dentally, hopelessly out of date — which
have handicapped him from almost the
first page and have drawn down over
his vision a veil through which he sees
the history of the human race, dimly,
distortedly, and as in a glass, darkly."

"Upon page after page of this extra-
ordinary pot-pourri of history, fantasy,
fiction, and prejudice, there stand out
statements, insinuations and suggestions
urgently requiring destructive criticism
or outright refutation. But to do so
would transcend magazine limits. The
only adequate review of 'The Outline
of History' from the Christian stand-
point would be a rejoinder in two vol-
umes of the same size by a group of
experts of the calibre of men like Hilaire
Belloc (?), Sir Bertram. Windle, and
Father Herbert Thurston. A thoroughly
scholarly and scientific counterblast of
the kind is urgently needed. For, after
all, the whole viciouslv aberrant modern

intellectual attitude is set out and
summed up in this 'Outline,' which is a
veritable monument and display of the
ruinous collapse and utter disintegra-
tion of contemporary thought outside
the Church."

We have placed a question mark after
Mr. Belloc's name because we consider
him a romancer not much more reliable
than Mr. Wells himself. For the rest,
Mr. Lappin's suggestion is excellent,
and we hope it will be promptly carried
out by a group of competent scholars.

Modern Science and Immortality

A famous Berlin surgeon, Professor
Karl Ludwig Schleich, has published
two books : "Consciousness and Im-
mortality" and "The Problem of Death,"
both of which develop the same thesis.
Starting out from the cell theory, the
author constructs a hypothesis of per-
petual life based upon the phenomena
of the microscopic chromosomes and
nuclei. He maintains that the smallest
organisms in us, the elementary forms
of living matter from which our bodies
are built, are indestructible, and live
from generation to generation and be-
ing to being, stamped with all the char-
acteristics of our individuality.

We shall hardly be reconciled to
death by the problematic principle that
our nuclear substance will survive us.
Our main question, the future fate of
our conscious personality, is not thereby
answered. Still, it is an interesting fact
that biological investigation should be
turning in this direction. Hitherto,
many naturalists, like Haeckel, have re-
fused to admit hypotheses of this class
to the realm of science. Now, as our
biological knowledge grows, our in-
vestigators find their discoveries leading
them involuntarily into a field which
the preceding generation would have
repudiated, as worthy to be tilled only
by "visionary parsons."

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

The Demoralization of the Press

Mr. Walter Lippmann, in his latest
book, "Liberty and the News" (Har-
court, Brace & Howe), points out that
the present breakdown in representative
government is in large measure owing to
the demoralization of our methods of
informing public opinion. In three
close-knit, well argued chapters, the
author sustains his thesis, until the
reader fully agrees that "the present
crisis of western democracy is a crisis
in journalism."

Representative government depends
for its success upon correctly informed
lepresentatives, and they, in turn, upon
a healthy public opinion. But the latter,
"for this purpose, finds itself collected
about special groups which act as extra-
legal organs of government. There is a
labor nucleus, a farmers' nucleus, a pro-
hibition nucleus, a National Security
League nucleus, and so on. These
groups are continually at work upon the
unformed, exploitable mass of public
opinion." Each special group repre-
sents a "cause," as opposed to every
other cause, and hence the urge for
propaganda. And yet "without protec-
tion against propaganda, without stand-
ards of evidence, without criteria of em-
phasis, the living substance of all popu-
lar decisions is exposed to every preju-
dice and to infinite explanation. No
wonder, too, that the protection of the
sources of its opinion is the basic prob-
lem of democracy."

Mr. Lippmann is too capable a jour-
nalist to be deceived regarding the ex-
tent of the evil and the difficulty of its
solution. He sees in its composite more
than corruption. It is in part also a
mistaken notion of our newspapers.
"Since the war, especially, editors have
come to believe that their highest duty
is not to report, but instruct, not to print
news, but to save civilization. Judged
simply by their product, men like Mr.
Ochs or Viscount Northcliffe believe
that their respective nations will perish
and civilization decay unless their ideas
of what is patriotic are permitted to
temper the curiosity of their readers."
Hence the opinion of millions becomes
or tends to become the opinion of one

or two, or, at most, of a small group
cf very fallible men. And yet the food
of public opinion is facts, plain, unpre-
judiced, unbiased, objective facts. The
difficulty of the problem is in inverse
ratio to the simplicity and triteness of
its statement.

Mr. Lippmann offers no panacea.
The task, he says, "falls roughly under
three heads, protection of the sources
of the news, organization of the news
so as to make it comprehensible, and
education of human response." After
reporting has been made a real profes-
sion and not the refuge of the vaguely
talented and uneducated, as at present,
the author would have laws passed
compelling articles to be signed and
properly documented. The law of libel
should be made more workable and sup-
plemented by a Court of Honor, into
which it might be possible to "hale the
jingo and the subtle propagandist before
a tribunal, to prove the reasonable truth
of his assertion or endure the humilia-
tion of publishing prominently a finding
against his character." The establish-
ment and further elaboration of insti-
tutes of government research and "spe-
cialized private agencies which attempt
to give technical summaries of the work
of various branches of the government"
would seem to be necessary. To this
end also the universities might be en-
listed.

The author is not overconfident of
the efficacy of his remedies. He realizes
too well the complexity of the problem
and is far too capable a journalist to set
himself up as a reformer. "At any rate,
our salvation lies in two things ; ulti-
mately in the infusion and outlook ; im-
mediately in the concentration of the
independent forces against the compla-
cency and bad service of routineers. We
shall advance when we have learned hu-
mility ; when we have learned to seek
the truth, to reveal it and publish it ;
when we care more for that than for
the privilege of arguing about ideas in a
fog of uncertainty."

Mr. Lipmann does not perceive ap-
parently, that the root of the evil lies
deep down in the capitalistic system and
cannot be removed while that system re-
mains in control of societv.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

The Futility of War

When we entered the world war,
Allied delegations flattered our ears with
the prophecy that we were helping to
save humanity. Today it is evident that
the world is worse off than it was be-
fore.

An American statesman remarked the
other day that "this period of our his-
tory would be a bad time for the United
States to get into another war, for we
have not a friend among the nations of
the earth." England, France, and Italy
are bitter against us. Trade rivalries,
braggadocio, and Irish sentiment have
alienated England ; the enormous
profits of the war with few of its at-
tendant hardships have estranged the
Continent. Moreover, France feels that
we have not stood by her as we should
have done. Even in South and Central
America we are friendless because our
aggressions in the Caribbean have made
every nation regard us with suspicion.

Among the European nations this con-
dition is still more aggravated. France
and England are at loggerheads over
the terms of the peace treaty ! France
insists, says the Nation (No. 2896),
"that it got but little of the recompense
it deserves for its martyrdom ; Italy is
furious because the Treaty of London
has not been lived up to ; and so it goes.
No one is happy, no one grateful to any
one else. The Central Powers are of
course, still Ishmaelites ; Czechoslo-
vakia, Rumania, and Jugo-Slavia are
so distasteful of Hungary that they
have entered into a new alliance against
her." The meeting of the League of
Nations at Geneva recently disclosed the
fact that for the future there is to be a
new cleft in the association of nations ;
the smaller powers have aligned against
the larger, which to some observers
presages an early doom for the League.

England has commenced to trade with
Russia, but otherwise the Soviet Re-
public is anathema among the nations.
Japan is making preparations for a con-
flict with America. The restrictions
against the emigration of her subjects
to America rankles unto hatred. China
boycotts Japanese industries, while
Australia draws the yellow color line

more sharply than ever. "Hate, jealousy,
bitterness, distrust, and anger are every-
where," continues the Nation. "No won-
der the Manchester Guardian declares
that the world is worse off after the holy
war to save humanity than it was be-
fore."

Such is the status of world friend-
ship two years after a war fought os-
tensibly to rid the earth of Mars and
bind all nations into a lasting and
effective compact. Yet there is nothing
new or strange in all this for him who
knows how to read history aright. There
have been holy wars ere this, against
Russia, Napoleon, and the Moslem. But
no lasting association came from any
of them. The participants were soon at
sword's points. France gave her help to
us in the Revolution, and yet but seven-
teen years elapsed before we were in a
state of war with her.

"No, lasting friendships are not
forged on battlefields ; of this the proof
is again the bitterness of the Canadian
and Australian troops toward their
British comrades. The nature of war

forbids it Was this truth ever

clearer than today? Is it not true that
materially the victors are almost as near
disaster as the vanquished ? Was it ever
clearer that the moral dangers of war
far outweighed all possible gains; that
there are no spiritual profits to offset
the contents of that Pandora's box of
hatred, deceit, lying cruelty to innocents,
and the murder, which the first shot of
every war lets loose?"

For the Christian the futility of the
World War should have added sig-
nificance. The Church's action toward
the reign of peace among a family of
nations in the days of her recognized
authority, and the repeated efforts of
the present Pontiff to induce the nations
to submit their difficulties to arbitration
during the war cannot but strengthen
our determination to help hasten the
day when it will be recognized that no
international difficulty can possibly arise
which it were not better to settle by
conference and arbitration.

—If you do not bind your Review, hand
the copies to others after you have read them.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

Radicalism and the Churches

Ever since the beginning of the Euro-
pean War, labor organizations, political
parties, and even the churches have been
busy in promulgating programmes of
"reconstruction." The famous Recon-
struction Programme of the British
Labor Party, drawn up while the war
was still on, became practically a model
for all later documents of the same kind.

The British Programme is frankly
Socialistic, calling for a speedy national-
ization of all wealth-producing indus-
tries, a revolution in national finance,
the surplus wealth for the common
good, etc.

As all social questions, and therefore
the industrial question, too, are to a
large extent ethical, some of the
churches felt it their duty to issue dec-
larations for the guidance of their
members. The Catholic hierarchy of
the U. S. sent forth their Social Recon-
struction Programme in January 1919.
It has met with practically universal ac-
ceptance, and has been lauded as one ot
the most progressive discussions of the
industrial situation in our country.
Though it contains "advanced labor
doctrine,'' it has not been pronounced
"radical" in the bad sense of that word.

Not so, however, with the utterances
of other churches. The Federal Council
of the Churches of Christ in America,
representing more than thirty Prot-
estant denominations, sent out a pro-
gramme somewhat later than the Cath-
olic bishops. It has been severely dealt
with in some quarters. The whole num-
ber for June 15, 1920, of Industry, a
magazine published at Washington, D.
C, is devoted to an attack upon that
programme. The chief fault found with
it is its "radicalism." The editor says
that those responsible for the pro-
gramme consulted only the wishes, or
rather the whims, of labor unions and
of organized labor, but failed to as-
certain the rights of employers and of
Capital. The writer in Industry asks :
"If the Church [the Federal Council]
did not consult employers before giving
out this report, why did they not do so?
How is such a statement an honest one,

unless it is based upon the consensus of
opinion of both parties to industry? In
the attempt to win union men for the
Church is it worth while to sacrifice
the impartial attitude which the Church
should hold toward both workmen and
their employers ? It seems a pity that in
the beginning of the career of the Fed-
eral Council, its organizers were not
farsighted enough to see the danger of
espousing the cause of labor and of
leaving employers alone as far as work-
ing out any plan of co-operation with
them is concerned."

Criticising the attempt of the Federal
Council "to interest as many organiza-
tions as possible in the campaign for in-
dustrial democracy," the writer in In-
dustry concludes as follows : "Instances
absolutely proving the unfortunate and
practically premeditated failure on the
part of the Federal Council of Churches
to consult all parties in industrial rela-
tionship, multiply beyond the limited
space of this article. Enough has been
quoted from the written and spoken
words of the Federal Council's officials
to show a lamentable bias toward one
class."

These criticisms seem to be justified
when we recall the rather large num-
ber of ex-ministers who have during
the last two decades become prominently
identified with pronounced radical
movements in politics or in the field of
applied sociology. We need mention
only a few names like Walter Rau-
schenbusch, George D. Herron, and B.
I. Bell. Not all the work of these men
is of a subversive kind, but the two last-
mentioned have sponsored movements
which, to say the least, are not con-
sonant with Christian ethics.

It is true that the Catholic Recon-
struction Programme has also been sub-
jected to criticism in the National Civic
Federation Review (September 25.
1920). But the criticism has been
chiefly concerned with two points, in
regard to which the widest difference of
opinion prevails among social economists
and students of labor problems — the
legal minimum wage and compulsory
social insurance. The charge of radical-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

ism has not been brought against the
programme as a whole.

And yet some of our soundest and most
advanced thinkers in Political Economy,
like Fr. Pesch, have not hesitated to
defend principles of social and industrial
reform which would have been pro-
nounced dangerous and anti-social a
few decades ago. One of the latest con-
tributions to the subject drawn from his
writings is frankly entitled "Christian
Socialism — the Economic System of the
Future."*) But Pesch's solutions, though
they may not be acceptable to the ad-
herents of an out-of-date capitalist
regime, have been welcomed by the
soundest representatives of different
schools of economy. No one has ventur-
ed to class him with the "Radicals."

The question therefore suggests itself
why, in a field in which it is so easy to
go astray, our Catholic leaders have gen-
erally avoided the cliffs which beset ev-
ery one who ventures far out into the sea
of social reconstruction. The answer is
obvious. The eternal principles of Chris-
tian right and justice and charity, which
guided the pioneers of the Christian so-
cial reform movement, like Ketteler and
Vogelsang, Pope Leo XIII and Pere
Antoine, are still alive today. They have
preserved our thinkers from the errors
of the system of unrestricted Individu-
alism and of its ally, Capitalism — a
system which now finds feeble support
only from certain interested classes,
whose "soc : al sen'se" has not yet been
awakened. But they also prevented them
from being captivated by a specious
Radicalism, which would ultimately
destroy the main pillars of social right-
eousness and thus pave the way for the
ruin of society. Along this safe "via
media," along the lines of what Fr.
Pesch and many others call "Solidar-
jsm," must we do our share in building
up a new and a better social order.

(Rev.) Albert Muntsch, S. J.

Baron Rosen's Revelations

Baron Rosen, in his book, "Forty
Years of a Diplomat's Life," insists that
the Revolution of March, 191 7, was a
demand of the Russian masses for
peace. The large newspapers of Russia
refused to publish Rosen's articles. He
appealed to Maxim Gorky, who printed
his views in the Socialist paper, Novaya
Zhisn, and thus won for their author the
epithet of pro-German and Bolshevik.

Rosen saw clearly that the only sal-
vation for Russia from disruption and
anarchy was the speedy conclusion of a
general negotiated peace on the basis of
the new democracy's formula of no an-
nexations and no indemnities and in ac-
cord with President Wilson's principles
and with the German Reichstag resolu-
tion of July 19, 1917. As a lover of his
country and the old established order he
worked for such a peace. But the intel-
ligentsia of Russia and the influential
and moneyed classes of all the Allied
countries, like the militarists of Ger-
many, were eager to have the war go on,
and let it go on another year and three-
quarters because they were callous and
found it a good thing.

*) "Der christliche Sozialismus — die
Wirtschaftsverfassung der Zukunft," nach
Heinrich Pesch, S. J., dargestellt von Hein-
rich Lechtape. B. Herder, 1920.

Four Eclipses in 1921
In 1921, there will be four eclipses,
two of the sun and two of the moon.
The first, on April 8, is an annular
eclipse of the sun. It is called annular
since the moon will be at the time so far
from the earth that it cannot entirely
cover the sun's disk, but leaves an annu-
lus or ring of light all around its edge.
The annular form will be visible in the
north of Scotland and along the coast of
Norway.

Following closely, a total eclipse of the
moon comes on April 21-22. It will be
visible in North and South America,
and westward. A total eclipse of the
sun occurs on October 1. The track of
the shadow crosses the South Shetland
Islands, but for most of its course
traverses only the watery wastes from
near Cape Horn to the South Pole. The
partial eclipse of the moon on October
16, though visible in New England, will
be best seen in Europe and Africa.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

The Ku Klux Klan
An Eastern subscriber writes :
In writing to you to renew my sub-
scription, may I not call your attention
to a secret society which at present is
assuming immense proportions in the
Eastern States. It is the society known
as the Ku Klux Klan, having for its
head Col. ( ?) William J. Simmons,
known as the "Imperial Wizard." The
headquarters of this Society are in At-
lanta, Ga. ; its membership is a matter
of deep secrecy. The members take a
"real oath with a serious purpose."

Col. Simmons, a former Methodist
preacher, has graciously told us at least
this much about his new secret society,
which will be of benefit to our Catholic
people : "Only American citizens who
believe in the Christian religion and owe
no allegiance of any degree or nature
to any foreign government, political in-
stitution, SECT or PERSONS, arc
eligible to membership."

It is easy to see that the new secret
society of the Ku Klux Klan is anti-
Catholic in its very nature and un-
American in its principles — if we know
what American principles are at all to-
day !

It would be well for us to watch and
see who are the men that are joining
this "Klan" in our midst. I trust the
Fortnightly Review, which is always
on the alert, will soon give us the real
facts about the Ku Klux Klan.

D. L. S.

The Ku Klux Klan, which is now
planning active invasion of the North,
is not merely anti-Negro, says The Na-
tion (No. 2898). It "is anti-Catholic.
anti-Jew, and anti-agnostic as well. In
the North we need not take too seriously
the attempt to transplant from another
age and clime this night-blooming
poisonous weed. It will not thrive here
in the light of publicity. In the South,
its brutal lawlessness, its violation of
every real tenet of the Americanism to
which it falsely lays claim, should evoke
the prompt action of the Federal author-
ities. To the Klan may be laid the re-
cent murder and burning of men,
women and children in Florida because

a few colored citizens attempted to ex-
ercise their constitutional right to vote.
The attempted northward extension of
the order is merely another symptom of
the intolerance and hatred which inevit-
ably follow the passions loosed and ac-
centuated by the war. No right-thinking
American can regard the Klan as aught
but the antithesis of everything decent
for which this countrv stands."

The Business Depression.

Six months ago we were told that the
country lacked production and that this
alone was the cause of all our miseries.
To-day it is apparent that we are suf-
fering from a severe dose of overpro-
duction. Several millions of unemployed
lack the necessaries of life in the midst
of plenty. The farmer with bountiful
crops is poor and in many cases reduced
to straits because of the natural wealth
which he cannot exchange for money.
Meanwhile the country has too much
gold and hence dare not trade with
Europe in terms of gold. On the other
hand it must not accept goods which
will be brought into competition with
our own overstocked markets.

Such are the contradictions of eco-
nomics. Mr. Garet Garett, in the New
Republic (Vol. XXV, No. 317), entitles
them "Alice Economics" and believes
that "Current economic notions may be
represented by a series of Mad Hatter
riddles. Thus : Q. Why is everybody
ruined? A. Because the country is rich.
— Q. How shall the country impoverish
itself again in order that the people
may prosper again? A. We must sell
our surplus abroad to people who can-
not pay. — Q. That is lending. When
the foreign countries pay us back we
shall be truly rich? A. No, indeed. We
cannot afford to let them pay us back,
for we should then be worse off than
ever. We have already too much of our
own. That is why we are ruined."

And yet by such economic paradoxes
we continue to be ruled.

The causes are supposed to be a sur-
plus of food, materials, machines and
men. Merchants and manufacturers
blame the consumer ; the consumer turns
on the producer, distributer and specu-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

lator, while the farmer flays the Federal
Reserve Board. The latter points to
the conditions of the inflated credit, but
labor says that it is a capitalistic move
to liquidate wages.

There is unquestionably an element
of truth in all these accusations. It
would be particularly interesting and
instructive to know just how much of
this depression has been forced upon us
by the employing class who vowed
drastic action ever since labor began its
ascendancy. That a portion of it at
least has thus had its origin cannot be
doubted when we recall the threats of
such men as Gary and Grace. Every man
in daily contact with industrial ex-
ecutives has heard similar threats re-
peated sufficiently to convince him that
the present situation has not been
brought about solely by the operation of
economic laws.

The fact remains, however, that we
are in a "mess," of which few if any can
give a reasonably adequate explanation.
We are forever trying to excuse the re-
sults of a system which we somehow
always take for granted. Not one of the
four proposals to alleviate the present
distress is more than a superficial
prophylactic. A mere statement of them
is sufficient proof of this, namely.

"That the Federal Reserve Board
shall repent and make credit once more
abundant and cheap, and see to it that
nobody, — particularly nobody who tills
the soil, — is obliged to sell for less than
the cost of production ; that the govern-
ment and banks shall cooperate to lend
foreign countries enormous sums to
spend for that surplus of American
goods which they want but cannot buy
for lack of money ; that foreign com-
modities now coming into competition
with American products shall be barred
out by high tariffs, and that immigra-
tion shall be restricted, not on political
grounds, but because we have tempo-
rarily a surplus of labor."

Aside from the fact that some of
these proposals are in effect contra-
dictory, it is obvious that they are mere-
ly temporary. There is nothing about
any one of them, or about all taken col-
lectively, that gives any assurance

against future periods of surplusage.
And this, in the last analysis, is the
cause of depressions, aside from famine
years. We are ever just on the verge
of an extended span of good times.
Hardly has the underproduction which
has given us temporary prosperity, been
fully realized, before we are in the
midst of our own ruinous plenty.

This is the natural result of a system
of unlimited competition, business for
profits only, and isolated industrial
groups. There is a riot of production
without restraint during the fat years,
in which the sole object is the maximum
of profit. Competitive Capitalism will
have nothing of cooperative effort
among manufacturers of like products
to assay the market and carefully plan
for future production. We are doomed
to periodic recurrences of lean years un-
til cooperation not only exists within in-
dustrial groups, but among all groups
producing like goods. K. H. F.

Teachers not Appreciated

To the Editor :

Rev. Albert Muntsch, S. J., in No. 1
of the F. R., has an article headed
"Lack of Inspiration in the Teaching
Profession." It may be that the public
is unappreciative and gives no en-
couragement to those who teach our
children. Only those who have made
the experience know the hardships of
the teaching profession. It is a rough
sea, — parents, children, and the public
at large have to be placated. This is no
easy undertaking, still, as the Rev.
author suggests, "There is a vast body
of men and women who are in the work
for sheer love of it ; they neither think
of nor receive pay." Needless to say,
they are the Catholic teaching orders.
FViend, their task is difficult, pray for
them, respect and love them. They do
more for the real welfare of our country
than all blatant reformers.

(Rev.) Raymond Verximoxt
— <S>*~.

— Yon are interested in the advertisements
of others that appear in the Review. Don't
yon think others would he interested in
yours ?

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

Danger to the Freedom of the Press

No less an authority than Don C.
Seiz, says in a notice of George Henry
Payne's "History of Journalism in the
United States" (Appleton) in The
Freeman (Vol. II, No. 45) :

"Mr. Payne assumes that liberty of
the press has become accepted as an
undisputed fact in the U. S. because of
its place in the Constitution and its own
insistence and persistence. In this I
think he is mistaken. The voluntary
censorship exercised by the newspapers
during the World War went far beyond
the needs of the situation. The press
was supremely silent upon many things.
That it meant to be patriotic is true, but
that it feared repression from threaten-
ed law is truer. The legislation pro-
posed by the Attorney General of the
U.S. was most drastic and in violation of
all our traditions. In contrast with the
tone of the newspapers during the Civil
War period they were abject and de-
faulted in their duty as enlighteners of
the public. I say this was the result of
fear far more than of patriotism and I
believe that it would even now be poss-
ible by amendment to remove the guar-
antee from the Constitution should some
William Jennings Bryan start the move-
ment. Legislation, invidious and re-
straining, operating through the Post
Office Department, iniated by this
gentleman, has long been on the statute
books. It would take but little effort to
expand the restriction and embarrass
editors still more. Legislators do not like
criticism and they make the laws, while
the American voter has come to regard
liberty only as an abstraction.''

The Sorry Story of the "Red" Raids

We do not yet realize how brutal our
Red raids were, nor how many innocent
foreigners were caught in their toils.
Perhaps the report on "The Deportation
Cases of 1919-1920," just issued by the
Commission on the Church and Social
Service of the Federal Council of the
Churches of Christ in America, may
serve the useful purpose of correcting
newspaper misinformation. It repeats
the sorry story revealed in Judge Ander-

son's decision last June, of complete
scorn of legality by the sworn agents of
the law, of illegal invasion of homes, il-
legal seizure of property, indiscriminate
arrests, maltreatment, provocation, im-
prisonment incommunicado — result-
ing in at least one instance in the deport-
ation of a Russian who belonged to only
one organization in the United States,
and that a Methodist church !

"This report," says The Nation (No.
2898), "lifts another corner of the veil
which has hidden the activities of gov-
ernmental agents provocateurs in pro-
moting Red activities. Fortunately some
of the men who plied this disgusting
trade have already been sickened by the
lies which they were forced to tell and
the newspapers published ; hence the
nauseating truth may soon become

public."

—<$>*-.

A Model Catholic Club-House
We are indebted to a friend in Buffa-
lo, N. Y., for a folder describing the
St. Mary's Lyceum of that city, which
is truly called "Home of Catholic Ac-
tivities," as it is fully equipped for lit-
erary pursuits, athletic training, social
and dramatic entertainments, etc., for
the Catholic men and women of that
city. There is a splendid library with
many books on the shelves, and some
50 newspapers and magazines on the
tables ; an auditorium with a seating
capacity of 1,000 and a stage 45 by 60
feet ; a triple bowling alley in the base-
ment ; a large pool and card room ; a
gymnasium, 42 by 60 feet, the best in
the city, hrge enough for basket-ball
and indoor baseball ; a swimming pool,
28 by 38 feet, with ten showers, hot or
cold, and so forth.

The structure is fire-proof and can
accommodate eight different parties or
gatherings, with three thousand per-
sons, at the same time. St. Mary's
Lyceum is a veritable "Catholic Y. M.
C. A.", a Catholic club,- house of the
most modern kind. Its privileges are
open to all Catholics, men, women,
boys, and girls, for a small annual fee.
Twenty-eight Buffalo parishes are now
represented in the membership.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

In the light of the recent letter of
Card. Merry del Val discouraging Cath-
olic membership in the Y. M. C. A., St.
Mary's Lyceum and similar Catholic
club-houses assume added importance,
and it is to be hoped that they will
be more generously patronized than
heretofore. Many of our Catholic people
frequent club-houses, do what you will
to keep them at home, and if we do not
provide Catholic club-houses for them,
they will go to non-Catholic ones, where
they are always in danger.
—<$>—.

Forty Years of Missionary Life
in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.

( Twenty-fourth Installment)

Chapter xii

A SECTARIAN CONVENTION

As our church and schools were doing well,
and everything was progressing nicely, we
now became objects of envy and jealousy
to the. bigoted people of the sects. Their
preachers spoke frequently about "popery"
and its pretentions, about Catholicity in for-
eign countries, its frivolity and infidelity.
They pointed scornfully to infidel France,
immoral Italy, impoverished Spain, and the
horrors of the Inquisition. I admonished my
people to keep quiet and avoid controversy.

To give the reader an idea of those days,
I will report one example, our experience
with our Methodist brethren. They held a
conference for Northeastern Arkansas, at
Portia, in 1887. The proceedings were taken
down by stenographers and printed in the
Portia Free Press. Every stenographer re-
ceived a copy for himself. The preachers did
not know that one of the stenographers, Dr.
Rew, was a convert to Catholicism. He sent
his report to some trusty friends in Poca-
hontas ; another was sent to the editor of
the Nezv Adam, a Catholic newspaper which
had been established in the city of Memphis
by that big-hearted yellow-fever hero, Father
William Walsh, then pastor of St. Bridget's.
With that report the following article was
sent:

"Pocahontas, Ark., May 30, 1887. In upper
Arkansas Catholics are very scarce. For the
last seven years, Rev. Eugene Weibel, alone,
has had charge of this district, comprising
40,000 square miles, nearly one-third of the
State. He visits Catholic families from
Thayer, Mo., down to Memphis, Term., has
two mission churches, one at Pocahontas,
the other at Jonesboro, and is now building
another in the Walnut Ridge district. Father
Weibel is a foreigner. He was ordained in
Switzerland and, coming here seven years
ago, he could not speak the English lan-

guage, which was a great drawback to him.
His health in the swamps has been greatly
impaired. Considering all this, this quiet
little man has proven a formidable barrier
to the army of Methodist preachers in the
same district. As an instance, a Methodist
conference was held last week at Portia,,
seventeen miles distant from here. At this
conference the preacher from this place re-
ported that his mission was in imminent
danger. Being asked if there was whiskey
there, he replied, 'No, no whiskey, but worse,
a great deal worse; we have the Catholics
there, and a Catholic school, which is patron-
ized by Protestants also.' I could not be-
lieve that our preacher would express him-
self in this way, as he knows our priest never
interferes with Protestants and very seldom
preaches in English. Here is in substance
what the Portia Free Press, of the 27th,
contains as the report of our preacher,.
Maynard : 'The financial condition of the
Pocahontas circuit is very poor. There is no
money in the country, and all plans to raise
it fail. Yet the District Conference should
meet there next time to devise some means
to oppose the progress of the Catholics'.
Another brother, Arnold, from Walnut
Ridge, is reported in the same paper as say-
ing: 'Pocahontas needed.it [the Conference]
badly, to offer a substantial check to the
Catholics.' Now, is it not ridiculous to see
these preachers afraid of the Catholics, who
have one frail, sickly, foreign priest for
40,000 square miles, while their number may
be called legion? Have they really nothing
better to do than 'to check the growth of
these Catholics'? I know Father Weibel has
expressed himself repeatedly that he took
pleasure in the growth of every denomina-
tion, not because of their errors, but on ac-
count of their faith in Christ, and because
they share with us the belief in the chief
truths of religion. He has further expressed
himself that at the present time all Christian
denominations ought to make common cause
in destroying our 'common enemy', infidelity,,
and in doing that we have no time to fight
and quarrel with each other. Any one but
slightly acquainted with Father Weibel must
acknowledge that he seems to have no care
save the spiritual and temporal welfare of
his flock, and never meddles with or troubles
himself about the Protestants. Finally, I
would like to ask our Methodist brethren
themselves, who are here in Pocahontas,
whether they really think the Catholics are
so bad and dangerous? I know they would
be obliged to answer no. For it is a fact that
the Catholics of Pocahontas (a congregation
of about 500 souls) are quiet citizens and
zealous Christians, who flock regularly every
Sunday to their church, send their children
to school and catechism, live in peace with
their Protestant fellow-citizens, are seldom
heard in our courts, and do not like to make
debts. Our Protestant fellow-citizens have
always been on friendly terms with us, and

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February

during the seven years since the congrega-
tion has been organized, not one serious
trouble has occurred, and it is to be hoped
that the same harmony will always exist.
The preachers should be angels of peace in-
stead of bringing about dissensions. The
same harmony, to my knowledge, also exists
between the Catholics and Protestants at
Jonesboro, where Father Weibel has also
built a church."

Both Pocahontas and Portia papers took
notice of this article. The Rev. Mr. Thorn-
burgh, leader of the Arkansas Methodists,
and Brother Maynard, Pastor of Pocahontas,
denied having said anything derogatory to
the Pocahontas Catholics. They evidently
had no idea that reports of the Portia con-
ference had been sent to others than preach-
ers. The truth of the article in the New
Adam was called into question by both the
Portia Free Press and the Randolph Herald.

The Free Press wrote : "Brother Thorn-
burgh of the Telephone, in answering our
article of some two weeks ago, what was
said by our Brother Maynard before the
M. E. Conference in reference to the Catholic
church at this place, comes out in quite a
lengthy article, in which he puts the question
of veracity, if there be any, upon the Portia
Free Press, and says its report of the Con-
ference was very meagre artd incorrect.
Thinking the Free Press capable of taking
care of itself, we leave that question to the
attention of Brother Morgan ; and as to
that portion of Brother Thornburgh's ex-
planation of the sayings of Mr. Arnold and
Mr. Freeman we care not. All we desired
was to have the facts concerning the remarks
of Mr. Maynard, and when boiled down to
its substance, here is what Bro. Thornburgh
says about Mr. Maynard : 'We did not hear
Mr. Maynard say the Catholics were worse
than whiskey, or anything like that, in-
dicating that he thought so ; no one said
that. I did not hear him say he wanted
means devised to oppose the progress of the
Catholics; I don't think he said it. About all
that was said in reference to the Catholics
was by Brother Maynard, who said they were
awakening some interest, and he wanted the
District Conference to go there so the
Methodists could get up some enthusiasm
also. I think Mr. Maynard spoke in a com-
plimentary way of the energy and faithful
performance of church duties by the Catho-
lics of Pocahontas. I legitimately inferred
from what he said that he had no desire
to tear them down, but wanted the Methodists
to keep pace with them. The report of the
conference as contained in the Free Press
was very meagre and incorrect, and but little
can be gained from it."

The Randolph Herald, of Pocahontas, had
the following article: "Below we publish a
letter written from Pocahontas to Adam,
a Catholic journal published at Memphis.
Tennessee. We publish the communication
with the hope that the true inwardness of the

facts in the case may be brought forth. The
correspondent makes some serious charges
against Mr. Maynard, which Mr. Maynard
says are incorrect. He says he never uttered
one word concerning the devising of means
to oppose the progress of the Catholics. This
brings out the plain and unmistakable ques-
tion of veracity between Mr. Maynard and
'Silvestris,' Adam's Pocahontas correspondent.
We leave the matter wholly in the hands of
those conversant with the facts. Brother
Thornburgh, of the Telephone, was secretary
of that conference and is therefore in a po-
sition to speak knowingly, and we shall ex-
pect to hear from our neighbor through his
Teleplwne. As for ourselves, we cannot but
think Mr. Maynard has been misunderstood.
We have known him a long time and regard
him as an honest, upright, Christian gentle-
man, and as such he could not say that the
Protestant element at his place was in any
danger, or that the Catholic element was
making or attempting to make any inroads
upon the Methodists. Father Weibel, so far
as we have knowledge, attends strictly to
his priestly duties, preaches Christ and Him
crucified, and never descends into the dirty
cesspool of proselytizing."

(To be continued)

-3-

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

— The Rev. C. Van der Donckt, of Poca-
tello, Ida., informs us that he knows of two
good Belgian organists now in this country,
who are looking for positions. Their names
and addresses are: Mr. J. Valckemaerc, c. o.
Belgian Bureau, 431 West 47th Str., New
York City, and Mr. Paul DeVriendt, c. o.
Mr. L. Messlin, Blackfoot. Ida.

— We have all noticed how often it happens
that unexpected persons are mentioned just
before they appear. The remark, "Talk of
the devil," is almost as commonplace and ir-
ritating as that about the smallness of the
world. An explanation is suggested by the
Saturday Review. It is that "their personal
emanations have made us instinctively aware
of their approach."

— The Fortnightly Review is one of the
very few American Catholic periodical pub-
lications that have not raised their subscrip-
tion price during the past two or three years.
We have met the enormously increased cost
of production by admitting more advertising
to our pages. This we shall probably have to
continue to do for some time to come, for at
present, though print paper has declined
somewhat, the general cost of publishing still
remains at about 100% over the pre-war
figure. If there are any considerable number
of subscribers who would prefer to pay a
higher subscription price (say $3.50 or $4 a
year) rather than see so many advertisements
scattered through our pages, we should like
to hear from them.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

— Playing with Latin sometimes produces
pretty results. The so-called Tripos Verses,
now given up at Cambridge, used to provide
some excellent humor for the educated. One
survival which we welcome yearly is the Ep-
ilogue of the Westminster Play, which al-
ways contains apt chaff of the current world
in Latin elegiacs. This year we find the "tell-
us heroibus apta" and "rerum nonne haec
ipsissima margo"? The ex-soldier and the
char-lady abuse each other neatly about
work. He complains :

"Panem ex ore rapit jamdudum femina,"
and she replies : —

'"Aut operari opus est, aut reperire virum."

— There have been so many demands on
charity of late that we hesitate to call atten-
tion to the needs of the modest little fund
from which we have been wont to defray
part of the expense of sending the F. R. to
poor missionaries, charitable institutions, in-
fluential non-Catholics, public libraries, etc.,
etc. To keep up this work of charity and
Catholic propaganda unaided is beyond our
means, and unless generous friends help, as
they have always done when the matter was
brought to their notice, quite a number of
copies sent out gratis to addresses where they
do much good, will have to be discontinued.

— According to the American Daily Stand-
ard, Chicago's new "Christian daily," which
is clean and "preacherly," but otherwise en-
tirely undistinguished, clergymen will be able
to continue to travel for half the usual rail-
road rates. Early last year it was announced
that after Dec. 31, 1920 clergymen would not
be privileged in any way above the rest of
the traveling public and that their special per-
mits would expire as soon as the old year
glided into the new. Official information now
has it that, in the Central States at least,
all clergymen and religious workers can again
obtain special half-fare permits, provided they
fill out the new blanks which are about ready
for distribution.

— There is a great deal of talk about the
educational value of the "movies", and, at the
same time, about the necessity for a higher
standard of English. How the two demands
are to be combined it is difficult to see in the
face of the "words with a punch" that are
being introduced to the public through
an Australian firm. The words have so
much "'punch" that they require a gloss-
ary, and the glossary explains that "bon-
zar" expresses excellence, "derry," aver-
sion, "cobber," a boon companion, "coot,"
a person of no account, and so forth. If these
words are to be popularized, the sooner some
protection is organized for the English lan-
guage against "punoh", the better it will be.

— Speaking of the transmission of news
between the nations of the earth., and urging
improved facilities for it. a cable company
official states : "Think of it as a peace meas-
ure, a great public utility." Very good in-

deed! Think of it as a public utility such as
the business of supplying one of the staple
foods to the nation. But soft! the food
supply has pure food laws requiring a decla-
ration as to adulteration. Are the news sour-
ces willing to label the news they send out,
in conformity to the concept of news as a
public utility, which, as a matter of fact, it is?
Are they, for instance, willing to attach to
various items such labels as these : "Contains
but a trace of truth" ; "Artificially colored" ;
"99 per cent adulterated" ; or "14 per cent
pure bosh," and so on?

— John Burroughs says in a recent essay:
"I like the English habit of naming houses ;
it shows the importance they attach to their
homes. All about the suburbs of London and
in the outlying villages I noticed nearly every
house and cottage had some appropriate des-
ignation, as Terrace House, Oaktree House,
Ivy Cottage, or some Villa, etc., usually cut
into the stone gate post, and this name is put
on the address of the letters. How much bet-
ter to be known by your name than by your
number! I believe the same custom prevails
in the country .... It is a good feature. A
house or a farm with an appropriate name,
which everybody recognizes, must have an
added value and importance.' The admirable
custom here recommended was or is by no
means exclusively English, as readers of F.
W. Riehl know.

— We are pleased to welcome the new offi-
cial organ of the Society of the Divine Word,
Our Missions, published monthly at Techny,
111., at $1 a year. The magazine is excellently
printed and handsomely illustrated and in
every way promises to serve its purpose well.
That purpose is to spread a knowledge of,
and obtain a larger co-operation for, the mis-
sionary work of the Society, which is con-
ducted with so much self-sacrifice and zeal
for souls in both hemispheres. Our Missions
is ably edited by Father Bruno Hagspiel, S.
V. D., the same who, within less than six
years, has made the Little Missionary (for
children) one of the best and most widely cir-
culated missionary magazines in America. We
hope he will succeed as well, nay even better,
with this new venture, which has a still
broader field and greater possibilities.

— The Salesians at work in this country
have lately received eight new recruits, six
priests and two lay brothers, from Europe.
These zealous missionaries are carrying on
the work of their founder. Ven. Don Bosco,
in America. They have high schools for boys
at Xew Rochelle, X. Y.. and Ramsey, N. J.
At the former place they publish a monthly
magazine, the Don Bosco Messenger, which
has just entered on its tenth volume and in
its enlarged and improved form deserves a
larger circulation than it has so far attained.
Readers of Kooh's Moral Theology, adapted
into English by the editor of the F. R., may
have noticed that author's predilection for
Ven. Don Bosco and the frequent quotations

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

Catholic Art and Architecture

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been highly recommended by experts and members of the hierarchy and clerg-y who have made
a study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post, free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

he makes from his pious sayings and writings.
Don Bosco was undoubtedly ne of the most
enlightened apostles of Catholicity in the
nineteenth century, and his work is bound
to grow. We are glad to have a number of
his zealous sons among us in America and
bespeak for them the good will of our
readers.

— We see from the San Francisco Exam-
iner, of Jan. ioth. that, on Jan. gth, "for the
First time in San Francisco a mortuary chapel
was dedicated with services embracing faiths
of various denominations. The services were
opened by Father Joseph McQuaide of
Sacred Heart. The Rev. C. S. S. Dutton,
pastor of the First Unitarian Church, made
the dedication. Rev. William Kirth Guthrie
of the First Presbyterian Church delivered
the prayer, the lesson was read by Dr. Fred-
erick W. Clampett of the Episcopal Church,
and Father Joseph McQuaide delivered an
address. A large audience representing many
creeds and denominations attended the serv-
ices." The Examiner calls this curious cer-
emony "a four-creed dedication." We won-
der how the Catholic ecclesiastical authorities
regard it and whether corresponding changes
will be made in the "Rituale Romamim."

Literary Briefs

• — "Twenty Cures at Lourdes Medically
Discussed," by F. De Grandmaison de Bruno,
translated by PP. Hugo G. Bevenot and Luke
Lard, O.S.B.. has a short preface by Sir
Bertram Windle, in whose scientific judg-
ment we have great confidence. He claims
no more for ' Dr. Grandmaison's argument
than this : "The case now stands for the
verdict of the Medical Faculty, and it will
be hard for them to argue that the instances
brought under their notice in this book can
be explained in terms of ordinary clinical
experience." (B. Herder Book Co.).

—"The Palace Beautiful, or the Spiritual
Temple of God," by the Rev. Frederick A.
Houck, is a sequel to the same author's "Our
Palace Wonderful." In the latter Father
Hauck gives a charmingly clear condensation
of our knowledge about the earth; here he
devotes himself to the task of developing
the latent powers and infused virtues of the
soul. The idea of an architect and builder
i? skilfully carried out: Faith, the founda-
tion; hope, the superstructure; charity, the
unitive principle and ornament; Jesus Christ,

the divine exemplar ; the Blessed Virgin and
the Saints, the models and advocates of the
"Palace Beautiful." The style is pleasing and
interspersed with many apt quotations, par-
ticularly from the Summa of St. Thomas.
The book is excellently adapted for spiritual
reading. (Fr. Pustet & Co., Inc.)

— In his new book, "The Ecclesiastical
Year," Father John Rickaby, S. J., gives us
some contemplations on the deeper meaning
and relations of the seasons and feasts. The
purpose is to introduce a little freshness into
monotonously familiar subjects. In this the
author succeeds admirably, and his volume
not only offers fresh material for sermons.
hut likewise stimulating, instructive, and
helpful matter for spiritual reading. We are
pained to see Dr. Rauschen cited as "Rausch"
and Fr. Odilo Rottmanner, O. S. B.. as
"Rottermann." Fr. Rickaby quotes Latin,
Greek, and German writers in the original,
without a translation, which shows that he
writes for learned readers. These will find
he book very attractive and belpful. (Joseph
F. Wagner, Inc., New York.)

— Since Bardenhewer-Shahan's "Patrol-
ogy" went out of print, a year or two ago,
we lacked a good manual of this important
branch of ecclesiastical science for seminary
use and private study. The want is now
supplied by an authorized English translation
of J. Tixeront's "Precis de Patrologie," just
published by the B. Herder Book Co. In
fact, we think this "Handbook of Patrol-
ogy" is better adapted to the use of Ameri-
can students than Bardenhewer's more com-
prehensive, but also much duller book. In
the art of writing text-books the French
excel the Germans. We have gone over this
handbook very carefully and find that it con-
tains all the information needed by the aver-
age student in concise and readable form
and in good English. We, therefore, recom-
mend it unreservedly to those in need of a
good text-book of Patrology.

—We are indebted to the Rev. Gilbert P.
Jennings, for a copy of a beautifully illus-
trated description, by Anne O'Hare Mc-
Cormick, of "St. Agnes Church, Cleveland,
O.," of which he is the pastor. The Church
of St. Agnes is architecturally one of the
most beautiful in the U. S. It was erected
and furnished at a comparatively moderate
expense, under the direction of Mr. John
T. Comes, of Pittsburgh, who designed every
detail from the building itself to the candle-
sticks on the altar. It is complete in every

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

particular, which is a good thing, for no one
else has a chance to mar the harmony which
is its chief beauty. Miss McCormick's book is
worthy of the edifice it decribes, and we
cordially recommend it to the attention of
all who love distinguished church architec-
ture and wish to see what a truly competent
artist can do with relatively small means.

—"Ex Umbris. Letters and Papers Hith-
erto Unpublished of the Fathers Lacordaire.
Jandel, Danzas. Edited by Fr. Raymund
Dcvas, O.P." contains a number of original
documents, in English translation, concerning
the well-known controversy over the restora-
tion of the Dominican Order in France. It
throws new light, at least as far -as the gen-
eral reader is concerned, on the life and char-
acter of Lacordaire. Fr. Devas has some
pertinent remarks in his foreword regarding
disputes between saints. His book shows
that even saintly men give and receive some
very hard knocks upon occasion. It also
gives our own Father V. F. O'Daniel, O.P..
a clamorous opportunity to square himself
with historical Truth, for he is charged with
publishing "the very reverse" (of the truth)
in his life of Charles H. McKenna. (To be
obtained from the Editor, Hawkesyard,
Rugeley, Staffs, England).

— In "Synopsis Additionum et Variationum
in Editione Typica Missalis Romani facta-
rum, Proposita a Francisco Brehm. Sacer-
dote," (Fr. Pustet Co., Inc.) Father Brehm,
the liturgical editor of Pustet & Co., gives
a compendium of the rubrics which, in future,
will regulate the celebration of the sacrifice
of the Mass. Brehm's synopsis shows that
the revision of the text is comparatively in-
significant ; of greater importance is the gen-
eral reform of the rubrics ; these have been
adapted to the decrees of the S. Congrega-
tion of Rites issued within the last eight
years, and to other regulations which are
entirely new. In every instance Father Brehm
points out the difference between the old
rules and the new. The present revision, how-
ever, is only interimistic ; a radical reform
of both the Breviary and the Missal will be
made in the future. But not many of the
present readers of this review will live to
see these liturgical books perfect. — F. G.
Holweck.

— There has long been controversy respect-
ing the relation between the "Didache" or
Tenching of the Apostles, which first came to
light some thirty years ago; a Jewish ethical
manual called "The Two Ways," of which
the compiler of the "Didache" appears to
have made use; the imaginative theological
work, probably of the middle of the second
century A.D.. known as the "Shepherd of
Hennas," and the work known as "The Epis-
tle of Barnabas." Dr. J. Armitage Robinson
undertakes to show in his book "Barnabas.
Hennas, and the Didache" (London: S. P.
C. K.) that "Barnabas" was the author both

of the Epistle and of "The Two Ways"
(which is described in the closing section of
the Epistle) ; that Hennas knew "The Two
Ways", in its original form, and that the
"Didache" borrowed the "Two Ways" from
Barnabas and recast it. The writer of the
"Didache," Dr. Robinson contends, endeav-
ors to present a picture of the way in which
the Gentile churches were Ordered by their
Apostolic founders.

—"The Inferno of Dante," translated by
Eleanor Vinton Murray (Boston : The Merry-
mount Press) presents the Italian text with
a parallel rhymed translation. She says in
her preface : "No literary work, however
simple or unimportant, can be translated
into an alien tongue without' losing some-
thing innate, personal, and vital which the
original alone can express." She quotes Henry
Adams's saying that "the whole Trinity, with
the Virgin to aid, has not the power to
pardon him who would translate Dante or
Petrarch." An added difficulty is the fact
that tcrza rima is essentially an Italian form,
adapted to a language rich in ryhme sounds.
The feminine rhymes that abound in Italian,
says the translator, scarcely exist in English.
Yet heroic blank verse loses too much of the
original. Lyric quality and beauty of form
are sacrificed to correctness. This is her plea
for her rhymed version. She likens the iter-
ant ryhme to a tolling bell and endeavors to
recapture the significant relation of the
original form to the mighty theme. Not
always successfully. Inversions press, often
the phraseology exhibits meagreness. but the
attempt is at least praiseworthy and sugges-
tive, even though many of us will, after
a somewhat interested perusal, return to the
unryhmed versions of J. A. Carlyle, C. E.
Norton, etc.

—From the Catholic Truth Society, Lon-
don, we have received another collection of
their up-to-date and serviceable penny and
twopence pamphlets. We have spoken so
often in praise of these timely publications
that it is not necessary to repeat words of
commendation. Such apparently insignificant
leaflets as "Usual Prayers" and "Benediction
of the Most Holy Sacrament" are really a

/~^>T CDPVMCM who desire to have manu-
ILfcKtjiMfclM scripts prin ted at reason-

able cost, can save worry by corresponding with the
old reliable printing house

The Jos. Berning
Printing Company

Established 1S53

2 12-2.14 East Eighth Street

CINCINNATI, OHIO

Careful Attention to Foreign Language Work

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February

"multum in parvo" for Catholic layfolk.
These few pages contain just what men need
to refresh the memory, to answer some ques-
tions, and to furnish food for wholesome
thought. Again, "How shall they preach un-
less they are sent," contains some pertinent
comment on Romans X, 15. "Devotions to
St. Peter" is self-explanatory — containing
short prayers and petitions to the Prince of
Apostles. "A Child's Colloquy with Jesus
;t Holy Communion" may be used by teach-
ers in talks on the Blessed Sacrament.
"Prayers for Confession and Holy Com-
munion," containing a brief examination of
conscience will, when it becomes known, find
its way into many a layman's pocket. It is
what many people have been looking for.
"Why Protestants Should approve of Con-
fession" is an open letter "to all who profess
and have a love for Jesus and His Truth."
(These pamphlets, which, by the way, will be
useful for passing along to Protestant
friends, may be secured from the B. Herder
Book Co., St. Louis, Mo.).

Books received

Father Allan's Island. By Amy Murray. With a
Foreword by Padraic Colum. x & 240 pp. 8vo.
New York: Harcourt, Brace & Howe.

Roap. English Key to Ro, the World Language.
By Rev. Edward P. Foster, A. M. 32 pp. 32mo.
Waverly, W. Va.: The Ro Language Society.
(Pamphlet).

Photogravure Souvenir of the Golden Jubilee of
St. Catherine's Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y. By the
Rev. George A. Metzger. In two parts, profusely
illustrated.

A Commentary on the New Code of Canon Law.
By the Rev. P. Charles Augustine, O.S.B. Volume
VI: Administrative Law (Can. 1 154 — -1551). xiv
& 617 pp. 12mo. B. Herder Book Co. $3 net.

Ted. A Play for Boys in Three Acts. By Rev. P.
J. Carroll, C.S.C. 32 pp. 16mo. South Bend, Ind. :
School Plays Publishing Co. (Wrapper).

Pardon and Peace. The Last Chronicle of an Old
Family. By H. M. Capes. 223 pp. 12mo. Sands &
Co. and B. Herder Book Co. $2.25 net.

Elements of Economics. By Lewis Watt, S. J. (C.
S. G. First Text Books— No. 4). 48 pp. 16mo.
Oxford: Catholic Social Guild. American agent:
B. Herder Book Co. 15cts.net. (Wrapper).

Sermons and Notes of Sermons. By Henry Ignatius
Dudley Ryder. Edited by the Fathers of the Bir-
mingham Oratory, xvi & 280 pp. 12mo. Sands
& Co. and B. Herder Book Co. $1.50 net.

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars i^v in« - \^ me laste | ie« ^ i*

SEGAR LOGIC

TUST a word about the strength of segars. A thick segar can be built so as to be mild by
" blending it properly. In producing a good Seed-Havana segar, it is necessary to have it
thick, in order that it may contain plenty of good, mild, aromatic, Havana tobacco in the
filler, to overcome the seed binder, which is on every Seed-Havana segar. By using an im-
ported Sumatra wrapper, which is neutral, the smoker is practically smoking filler and binder,
getting full benefit of the Havana tobacco confined in the filler. The Sumatra wrapper merely
acts as a finishing touch on the segar, as varnish does on a handsomely-painted conveyance.
If a person wants a very mild and choice thin segar, he then must have an All-Havana segar.
It requires an artist to build a segar of this calibre, because each and every leaf must be
selected. For this the smoker must pay a luxurious price.
(fin <t7 On Sent Post Paid on Receipt of Monev Order or WAV Draft— if not satisfactorv, M <T/ f|IY
IUU"4>/.0U pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mail UU~"4>4>UU

Established 1866

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, ~N. Y.

The WOLFRAM COMPANY

17 Chestnut Street
Columbus, Ohio

WOLFRAMS SANOS

$0.90 per bottle $0.04 War Tax

5.00 6 bottles 0.24 "

9.50 12 bottles 0.4S

WOLFRAMS CATARRH REMEDY, for Catarrh of
the Head, Nose. Throat, Hay Fever, and General
Catarrhal Conditions.

$1.25 per bottle $0.05 War Tax

7,00 6 bottles 0.30

13.00 12 bottles 0.60 "

WOLFRAMS CONSTIPATION CAPSULES, for Re-
lief of Constipation, Very beneficial indirectly
iti Auto-intoxication, Piles, and the more com-
mon forms of urinary disturbances.

$2.00 per box " $0.08 War Tax

5.00 3 boxes 0.24

WOLFRAM'S THROAT CHIPS, for Coughs, Tick-
ling in the Throat, Smoker's Sore Throat, for
Singers and Speakers.

$1.00 per doz. Small Boxes $0.12 War Tax
2.50 per doz. Large Boxes 0.12
WOLFRAMS SO-MEEKA. should be used when
suffering from Gas, Indigestion, Sour Stomach
and Bloatedness.

$0.10 per Small Box $0.01 War Trx

1.00 per Lat ge Box o 04

WOLFRAMS MALTUM. to be used in place of Tea
or coffee, for assisting in getting a weak stomach
in good condition and building up the system.
fo.25 Per Package $5.00 22 packages

1921 THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

NEW! A most timely and valuable contribution to the Catholic Pulpit.

VV 49

. ., : ., ,. w.

A PAROCHIAL COURSE OF
DOCTRINAL INSTRUCTIONS

For All Sundays and Holydays of the Year

Based on the Catechism of the Council of Trent, and Harmonized with the
Gospels and Epistles of the Sundays and Feasts

Prepared and Arranged by the Rev. Charles J. Callan, O. P., and the Rev.

J. A. McHugh, O. P., Professors in the Theological Faculty

of Maryknoll Seminary, Ossining, N. Y.

With an Introduction by the Most Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, D. D.,
Archbishop of New York

Complete in Four Volumes
(Vols. I and II: Dogmatic Series; Vol. III. and IV: Moral Series)

Volume I is now ready.
Vols. II, III, and IV in active preparation.

Price per volume, bound in cloth, net, $3.50

The purpose of this work is to make most available for practical use in parochial preach-
ing the Catechism of the Couucil ot Trent, and to assist in a practical manner in carrying
out the wish of the Fathers of the Council that its contents be so treated as to harmonize
with the Gospels and Epistles of the Sundays and Feasts throughout the year. By a care-
fully devised plan the matter is so distributed, in harmony with the liturgy, that the first
two volumes cover all dogmatic subjects in the space of one year, and the last two volumes
similarly treat all moral subjects within the limits of a second year.

Thus, by means of this Course, every two years both, clergy and laity, while being kept
in close toucli with the Gospels and Epistles, will be taken without omissions or repetitions
over the whole field of practical Christian doctrine. This plan, furthermore, is in perfect
agreement with the directions of the New Code of Canon Law (Canons 1847, 1344).

For the competent, lucid, and interesting exposition of the Christian Truths there are
provided in this work not ouly the entire text of the Catechism of Trent, in an adequate,
modern English version, but also original, suggestive Outlines of the subjects, and standard
modern Sermons by various pulpit orators, effectively illustrating each subject.

A weighty advantage of the plan followed in this work is that the monotony of prolonged
consecutive treatment of particular subjects is obviated, aud interest is stimulated by the
variety which is afforded.

In his Introduction to the work Archbishop Hayes says:

"No more timely and valuable contribution to the Catholic Pulpit could
possibly be made than the "Parochial Course of Doctrinal Instructions" ,
prepared by Reverend Fathers Callan and McHugh."

JOSEPH F. WAGNER (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co.

1120

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 15

$1 Invested
Today will
Be worth
$2 Invested
Later On

H% to 8%
in Government
Municipal
Corporation
BONDS

'Every
Investment
Service"

The Golden Age for Investors

If you have ready money to invest at this time, invest
through responsible investment bankers in time-tested,
sound securities.
As the purchasing power of the dollar increases from its low point of
about oU% of normal, prices of good bonds and notes are bound to react
ECONOMIC LAWS ARE JUST AS UNCHANGEABLE
AS MORAL OR RELIGIOUS STATUTES HISTORY
TEACHES THAT A FALL IN INTEREST RATES
PRECEDES A RISE IN PRICES OF FIXED INTER-
EST-BEARING SECURITIES.
You can invest without anxiety, with freedom, confidence, satisfaction
and pleasure in the securities recommended by this House. We are
gratified to number among our patrons many readers of The Fort-
nightly Review.

We solicit YOUR confidence and YOUR patronage, in a
spirit of helpful, friendly service. Write us fully today
or, if possible, call at our offices.

Bowman, Cost & Company

Investment Bankers

506 Olive Street

Local and Long Distance
Telephones

St. Louis, Mo.

The WOLFRAM COMPANY

17 Chestnut Street
Columbus, Ohio

WOLFRAMS SANOS

Jo. 90 per bottle $0.04 War Tax

5.00 6 bottles 0.24

9.50 12 bottles 0.4S '"

WOLFRAMS CATARRH REMEDY, for Catarrh of
the Head. Nose. Throat, Hay Fever, and General
Catarrhal Conditions.

$1. 25 per bottle $0 05 War Tax

7.00 6 bottles 0.30

13.00 12 bottles 0.60 "

WOLFRAMS CONSTIPATION CAPSULES, for Re-
lief of Constipation. Very beneficial indirectly
in Anto-intoxication. Piles, and the more com-
mon forms of urinary disturbances.

$2.00 per box ' $008 War Tax

5. co 3 boxes 0.24

WOLFRAMS THROAT CHIPS, for Coughs. Tick-
ling in the Throat, Smoker's Sore Throat, for
Singers and Speakers.

Si. 00 per doz. Small Boxes $0.12 War Tax
2.50 per doz. Large Boxes 0.12
WOLFRAMS SO-MEKKA. should be used when
suffering from Gas, Indigestion, Sour Stomach
and Bloatedness.

$0.10 per Small Box $0.01 War Trx

1.00 per Lai ge Box 004

WOLFRAMS MALTl'M, to be used in place of Tea
or coffee, for assisting in getting a weak stomach
in good condition and building up the system.
$0.25 Per Package $5.00 22 packages

ST. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 4

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

February 15, 1921

Theocentric Beauty*

By Lewis Drummond, S. J.

Loyola College Montreal.

The hidden marvels of the snow,
Which now our strongest lenses show,
Were relished with the Maker's zest
In aeons of Thine active rest
Before poor groping, blundering fools
Ascribed them to blind "Nature's" tool-
Yet few e'en now are human eyes
That grasp the dazzling Arctic skies
Or read the snows of Polar waste.
Unread save by a Godward taste.
The finest regions of this earth
Are filled with men of little worth,
Whom all Thy glories do but irk.
Because the splendor of Thy work
Is hid from their benighted ken.
They know not that they are Thy men.

Nay, all the angel hosts keen-eyed,
Now soaring low, now high, now wide,
To gaze upon Thy wondrous deeds,
A trillionth of Thy cosmic meads
Could not survey nor gladly find
But hints of how Thy boundless mind
Fbngs beauty o'er Thine orbs awheel.
Which fullv Thou alone canst feel.

What is the Meaning of: "Lead us not
into Temptation"?

In Bishop Challoner's annotations to
the Douay and Rhemish translation of
the Bible from the Latin Vulgate are
very interesting, if not always lucid and
satisfactory, explanations of many
things "hard to be understood."

For instance, commenting on the thir-
teenth verse in the sixth chapter of St.
Matthew, that is, on the words. "Lead
ns not into temptation," Bishop Chal-

* "In a handful of snow there might be 20,000
crystals, no two of them alike, except as beautiful
variations of the hexagon." — London Answers,
quoted in The Gazette, Feb. 10, 1920.

"People have tried to explain the beauty of flow-
ers on biological grounds, but you cannot thus ex-
plain the beauty of the sun and mountains or the
beauty of the sunset sky. This beauty has no utili-
tarian object. It is manifestly the rejoicing of the
Creator in His work. Why should the sun rise in a
blaze of glory and set again in the most gorgeous
colors? Not for any reason except rejoicing in
beauty." — Sir Oliver Lodge, interviewed bv the

. V. Times. Jan. 25, 1920.

loner and, indeeed, most of the annota-
tors of the New Testament whom we
have consulted, tell us that the appeal
to God to "lead us not into temptation,"
means : "Suffer us not to be' tempted
beyond our strength" or "to be over-
come by temptation."

How they can venture to take this
freedom with the Latin word "inducas"
(Greek ciscnegkes) is beyond our un-
derstanding.

When we read in St. Paul (1 Cor. I,
13) that "God will not suffer us to be
tempted above what we are able to
bear," and in St. James (I, 13) that
"God is not a tempter of evil, and He
tempteth no man," we are satisfied that
God does not and cannot positively and
directly lead us into temptation to sin.

But is there not a sense in which our
Heavenly Father may be said to lead
sinners into temptation indirectly, as
when St. Paul informs us (Rom. I, 24)
that "God gave them up to the desires
of their heart, unto uncleanness, to dis-
honor their own bodies among them-
selves," when he tells us {ibid., I, 28).
"God delivered them up to a reprobate
sense, to do those things which are
shameful," and when he says (2 Thess.
II, 10), "God shall send them strong
delusions that they shall believe a lie,"
and (Rom. I, 26), "God delivered them
up to shameful affections." Here we
find that God in punishment for their
iniquities, "delivered the ungodly to tin-
cleanness."

Do we not read in Jeremias XIII, 13 :
"Thus saith the Lord : Behold, I will
fill all the inhabitants of Jerusalem . . .
with drunkenness and I will abandon
them to sin." Do we not also read (2
Paralip. xviii, 21 : "I will go out and
be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his
prophets. And the Lord said : Thoti
shalt deceive, and shalt prevail ; go out
and do so." Did not David pray (Ps.
xxv) : "Abandon not my soul. O God,

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 15-

tc the wicked, nor my life to men of
blood" ; that is, he begged of God not
to punish him for past sins by exposing
him to greater crimes. The Almighty,
to punish the disobedience of the Jews,
abandoned them to their own evil de-
sires and allowed them to be deceived
by false prophets and lying oracles,
which they had consulted in direct vio-
lation of His commands. A striking
example of this puishment is recorded
in the third book of Kings, Chap. 22,
where God abandons Achab, King of
Israel, to his desires, permitting him to
be deceived by a lying spirit. Here is
what we read in this extraordinary
chapter, verses 21 and 22: "And there
came forth a spirit, and stood before
the Lord, and said : 'I will deceive him.'
And the Lord said: 'By what means?'
And he said : 'I will go forth, and be a
lying spirit in the mouth of all his
prophets. And the Lord said : 'Thou
shalt deceive him, and shalt prevail : go
forth, and do so.' "

Is not this in entire accord with what
St. Paul says in his second letter to the
Thessalonians ( II, 10) : "God shall send
them the operation of error, to believe
a lie"? (See also St. John XII. 40,
Exodus IV, 21).

Everywhere we are confronted with
the fact that the language of Holy Writ
appears to make no distinction between
the permissive and the positive will of
God, and this is especially noticeable in
Romans IX. 18, where we read: "God
hath mercy on whom he will : and
whom he will, he hardencth." Theolo-
gians and Catholic commentators on the
Epistle to the Romans inform us that
the meaning of this and similar passages
occurring in the Old and Xew Testa-
ments is that "God permits sinners to
harden themselves by their own per-
versity, or to remain hardened by the
corruption of their nature."

There is a limit, humanly speaking,
to the patience of God, so that a time
comes in the life of a wicked" man when
God gives him over to his evil ways, to
punish him for his repeated sins.

"Divine Justice," writes the great
Bossuet, "avenges sin by other s : ns."

We are of the opinion that "Lead us
not into temptation" means, in the lan-
guage of St. Paul, that God give us
not up to "the desires of our hearts"
by withdrawing His "grace" from us,
leaving us a prey to our appetites and
passions, and thereby "delivering us
o^er to a reprobate sense" or "abandon-
ing us to shameful iniquities," in pun-
ishment for our persistence in sin.

In the sublime prayer taught to the
Jewish multitude, Our Lord instructs
the people to pray to their Heavenly
Father for help and spiritual strength
lest, in His anger, He would abandon
them to their appetites, which would
lead them into the same excesses and
shameful sins committed by their
fathers.

YVe understand the various meanings
of "temptation" so often met with in
Holy Writ, but here we must obviously
deal with the word only in its rigorous
sense, as tending or leading to the com-
mission of sin. If we twist the plain
English "lead us not," into "do not
permit us," or "suffer us not," then we
may take any liberty we please with the
language of the Old and Xew Testa-
ments, precisely what all heretics have
done and are doing, as Ward, in his
"Errata," conclusively proves.

In the Old Testament the phrase
"countenance of God" or "face of the
Lord" is often used for His love, favor,
or good will, as we read in Daniel IX,
17, and in Psalms IV, VI, and XXL, 6.
Xow, in asking God not to lead them
into temptation, the Jews begged Him
not to withdraw from them His coun-
tenance or face, or, as we would say,
His "grace"; for if left to themselves,
unassisted by God, they would surely
fall into more grievous sin and in the
end be "delivered up to a reprobate
sense." The withdrawal of God's
friendship meant leaving them to their
fallen nature, and by this withdrawal
He, constructively or by an easy met-
onymy, — that is, a figure of speech by
which the secondary cause is taken for
the first, would be leading men into
temptation.

(V. Rev.) W. R. Harris

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

The Shame of the Peace Treaty

Nothing more pathetic has reached
this country since the World War
closed, than the heart-rending stories
of misery and want in Austria, with
countless thousands of little children
as the innocent victims. And what is
the reason for the wretched state of
these people? The integrity of the
Austrian nation has heen violated by
the Treaty of Versailles. The aliena-
tion of the territory belonging to her,
has left her stranded, little more than
a political and business capital, like a
head bereft of its body. Moreover, the
country is not merely unable to pay
the interest on its vast debt, but unable
to pay its running expenses. Its cur-
rency has been inflated until it is worth
only about one percent of its face
value. Austria is unquestionably in a
deplorable plight.

The Treaty of Versailles has been
the cause of all this. So far as Austria
is concerned, it is a monstrous injus-
tice, the work of men blind to facts, the
juggling of children w : th the blocks of
other people's destimes. Austria is a
standing condemnation and reproach
of what was done at Paris. Austria
was not only dismembered and ruined,
but. worse still, a huge indemnity was
imposed after taking from the people
the power to pay it. Even the means
of living were taken from them. To
all appearances, Austria was rendered
impotent, in order that she might be-
come a prey to be divided among the
powers who went into the war "to
make the world safe for democracy."'
What has democracy done for Austria ?
The people sadly admit, and keenly
feel, not what democracy has done for
them, but what the so-called democracy
of England and her associates has done
to them. Are we not coresponsible for
the sad state of these stricken people?
Let us strike our breasts and admit our
guilt.

It was in our power at Versailles to
insist that the reasons that actuated us
to enter the war. "to make the world
safe for democracy,*' be lived up to.
We lost our opportunity and left Eng-

land and her associates have their way.
The policy that is now being followed
in unhappy Ireland was the policy of
the Peace Conference, and the results
of that policy are the same in all coun-
tries affected. Democracy and the
"rights of small nations" have no place
in that policy. Austria stands out as
a terrible example. She is ruined, and
her people are almost beyond recovery.

What are our duties to this country?
Since a nation, like a man. does not live
unto itself, but is a part of a great
vital network of relationships, some-
thing will have to be done about
Austria. As we are responsible for
her condition, justice requires that we
exert every effort to rehabilitate her.
There are several millions of people to
reckon with. They are little different
from other human beings. They can-
not live unless they have work, and
clothing, and shelter, and food, and
order, and these are impossible if their
public life fails to function. Econom-
ically it is doubtful whether Austria
can survive if left in its present political
status, even should temporary help be
provided. For the present, money,
food, and clothing should be sent from
America into the homes of the weak,
emaciated, and starving victims of con-
ditions over which they have no con-
trol. Then, the government itself
should be rehabilitated. The proposed
Austrian loan of $250,000,000 is a
highly important step towards the
accomplishment of this end. Unless
both of these things are done, or some-
thing equally efficacious, it is not diffi-
cult to foresee what the end of that
unhappy country will be.

F. Jos. Kelly

Detroit Seminary

— A writer in Issues of To-day (Vol. I.
No. 15) warns against Burton Holmes, who.
he says, in his lectures, indulges in venomous
flings at the Germans. Tims, in a lecture on
Alsace-Lorraine, he glorifies the presence
of barbarous black troops on the Rhine as
a lesson deserved by Germany for wanting
"a place in the sun."' Fair-minded Americans
will not patronize such propagandists who
sow hatred among nations.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 15

"Art for Art's Sake"

Honest, sensible people are getting
very tired of the insistent preachment
of some rampant rhetoricians, seconded
by the canting twaddle of their easy,
silly prey, that art exists for art's sake,
and that the morality or immorality of
the subject treated by the artist is of no
possible consequence, if but the treat-
ment be artistic.

There is a grain of truth in this say-
ing, — just enough to make the fallacy
dangerous. The truth is that even an im-
moral subject can be made the ground-
work of high and noble artistic effect,
as we find in Dante's terrible picture of
crime and its awful consequences. The
Gretchen tragedy in "Faust/' the mur-
der of Desdemona in "Othello," the
comic escapades of the thieving judge
in Kleist's "The Stolen Jug," are but a
few examples from the realms of the
drama. In the department of painting
and sculpture the same rule holds good,
though not in the same proportion.
Some of the numerous representations
of the Crucifixion of our Lord are true
works of noble art, although the event
treated is the murder of the Incarnate
Son of God.

However, it is not so much in the re-
presentation of crime, but rather, in the
shameless treatment of the human body,
that modern painting and sculpture
claim to achieve their greatest triumphs
as "art for art's sake." "To the pure all
things are pure," they will tell you with
a sneer, when you find fault with their
uncalled-for representations of the nude.

The appeal is illegitimate because it
calls upon the sexual instinct to heighten
the artistic effect and merely succeeds
in prostitut : ng art. It is not the love of
art, but sex obsession, that moves these
so-called artists. True art is always
reverent, and unveils no more than ne-
cessary, and that only for some high
purpose. The delight in the nude for its
own sake is the curse of modern art.
Here artistic treatment is but a delusion
and a snare. Sex obsession as such is a
disease and its treatment pertains to the
neurologist and the physician.

Vet even the favorite theme of mod-
em novelists and poets, the relation of

the sexes, as love, pure or impure, se-
duction and the ever-present triangular
problem, are susceptible of truly artis-
tic, because, at the same time, moral
treatment, as is evidenced by iNIanzoni's
"Promessi Sposi," Tolstoi's "Anna Ka-
renina," and Godfrey Keller's "Romeo
and Juliet of the Village." Yet these
and similar artistic triumphs were not
produced on the principle of art for
art's sace, which so often means no
more than nastiness for the sake of
nastiness ; but rather under the moral
law and sanction which God has in-
scribed upon the tablets of the heart.
Like everything else in creation, art
must serve the purposes of the Creator,
the Great Artist of the Universe, if the
expression may be permitted. All beau-
ty, as well as all truth and love and
goodness come from Him. To Him all
things that are. must render their
tribute of praise by reflecting some ray
of His beauty, goodness, love, and
truth. The artist who ignores this prin-
ciple may give us a spurious imitation,
but never a true work of art.

And what is the good of such unsub-
stantial phantasmagorias? If art exists
for art's sake, why should any sane man
or woman take the least interest in it?
Our life is too brief and too valuable
for such a burrowing game amid the de-
cadent, infectious books, pictures, and
statues that seek to hide ulcerous naked-
ness under the meretricious veil of art
for art's sake. "They are all," as Tol-
stoi says, "the productions of people
suffering from erotic mania. And these
people are evidently convinced that, as
their whole life, in consequence of their
diseased condition, is concentrated on
amplifying various sexual abomina-
tions, therefore, the life of all the world
is similarly concentrated."

In life we shun the company of the
morally foul and filthy, even if their
outward bearing be that of a gentleman
or lady. "Owl to owl, crow to crow,"
says the proverb. Let those that are
morally corrupt feed on the festering
lilies in the ditch. "Otir young men and
maidens," says Dr. Brownson, "cannot
associate, even in the pages of a novel,
with rogues and villains, the licentious

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

and debauched, without having their
imaginations more or less tainted and
their sensibility to virtue more or less
blunted."

Besides, a fatal perversion of the true
view of life is caused by these swarming
realists, symbolists, sentimentalists, and
love-anarchists. Realism is the great
battle-cry of most of the art for art's
sake artists. To paint men and women
as they are, and society as it is, is their
claim; but to paint the badness of men
and women and the corruption of so-
ciety is their usual practice.

To quote Dr. Brownson once more :
''It is a great mistake to assume that
love is fatal, and that a man or a woman
cannot control his or her affections, or
prevent them from straying where they
are forbidden. Satan has never broached
a more damnable heresy than this of our
sentimentalists, that love is fatal and
uncontrollable." (Vol. 19, p. 557.)

And yet the great mass of our novels,
and plays, and vaudevilles, and film-
abominations are based upon this
"'damnable heresy."

The great art of man, the art of arts
to which all men have been called, is the
development into full beauty and per-
fection of the image of God that has
been impressed upon the soul of every
child of Adam, of every man that
cometh into the world, — God's likeness
that has been blurred but not obliterated
by that awful destroyer, sin. Any art
that proves itself helpful in the pursuit
of this highest universal art, is true art ;
anything called art that proves a hin-
drance in this pursuit is false and
merits the contempt of all. No matter
how glittering its form, it is a serpent
of hell, and its sting is moral death.

(Rev.) J. ROTHENSTEINER

A Correction

To the Editor:—

In justice to Mr. Peter W. Collins
( so long as you have given Mr. Knapp's
attack upon him in the Nation and the
quotation which Mr. Knapp says is
from a speech of Mr. Collins) I think
you should' state the fact that Mr. Col-
lins, in a letter to the Nation of later

date, explicitly denies that he ever said
what Knapp attributes to him, to wit,
that Socialists should be "so handled
that in a few minutes they will be scur-
rying into holes and corners to hide, or
seeking hospitals to have their wounds
doctored." Knowing Peter W '. Collins
as I do, I can not conceive of his utter-
ing any such bloodthirsty opinions as
those. The Catholic Sentinel, from
which you quoted, failed to say that
the man who criticized Collins criticized
also Bishop Wehrle. I suppose it was
respect for the episcopal purple which
made the Sentinel keep Bishop Wehrle
out of the lime-light, but a layman has
a right to his good name as much as a
bishop, and it argues a certain lack of
courage in a paper to pick out one for
criticism and leave the other untouched.
No matter how people feel about the
K. of C. and its campaigners against
Bolshevism and Socialism, they ought
to play fair.

Dexis A. McCarthy

-»-»-^»--»~

The White Race in the Tropics

At the last Australasian Medical
Congress, held at Brisbane, a subcom-
mittee reported on the effect of the
tropical climate upon the white race.

Its conclusion was that with proper
precautions, white settlers may thrive
in hot climates better than is generally
believed ; but that under present con-
ditions, their health in tropical Austra-
lia is deteriorating.

Neurasthenia causes 25 per cent of
the invalidity; but climate is not the
sole reason for this. Nervous diseases
are partly owing to changed conditions
of living. Their increased frequency
where white and colored races live in
contact, whether in the torrid or the
temperate zone, is ascribed to the fact
that under such conditions, the whites
— especially white women — do not
perform the usual amount of physical
labor, or take in its place sufficient
physical exercise.

The Congress also stressed the im-
portance of a proper diet in the tropics
and blamed the excessive use of alco-
hol for part of the present evils.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 15

General Von Biilow on the Marne

The data for the solution of the riddle
of the Marne, 1914, are rapidly accum-
ulating. We have had, it is believed,
the views of von Moltke in the anony-
mous pamphlet entitled "Die Schlach-
ten an der Marne," published by Mitt-
ler in 1916, and immediately suppressed
by the censor ; the Third Army story
by Major-General Baumgarten-Crusius,
and the compiled French accounts by
Babin, Le Goffic, and others ; and now
we have the authoritative military nar-
rative of Generalfeldmarschall von
Biilow, the Commander of the Second
Army and the senior of the three Ger-
man army commanders concerned in
the battle ("Mein Bericht zur Marne-
schlacht." Von Generalfeldmarschall
v. Biilow; Berlin: Scherl). It is signed
by him as "written in December, 1914,"
and covers the operations of the Second
Army from the opening of hostilities
until the close of the Battle of the
Aisne. Drawn up as a military docu-
ment, it is practically a war diary, giv-
ing the intelligence of the enemy ob-
tained, appreciations of the situation,
the orders received and issued, and the
movements, etc., that ensued.

The principal impression left by von
Biilow's story is that the German Su-
preme Command. (O.H.L.) were unable
to control the "Millionenheer" that they
had set in motion ; as he says sadly on
September 8 in one of his very few
personal touches : — "I no longer reck-
oned on help from O.H.L." When the
situation on the Marne got desperate
they merely put the First Army under
him, and told him to issue the necessary
orders to get it to the Aisne. They
further divested themselves of respon-
sibility by throwing at him the Seventh
Army, so that, throughout the Battle
of the Aisne, he was commanding not
only his own army, but two others as
well, without any means of intercom-
munication except by wireless and
motor-car, and without a separate staff.
Tt has often been stated that von Kluck
was under the orders of von Biilow
during the whole period of the initial
operations until the Aisne, but it now
appears that this was not the case. On

August 27 he was made independent
of the Second Army, and remained so
until September 10; and during those
critical days he practically ignored
O.H.L.V orders. So much so that the
First Army, instead of being echeloned
behind the Second Army to protect the
right flank of the advance from forces
near Paris, was actually echeloned for-
ward of it, and "its left Corps (IXth)
pushed itself completely in front of the
right Corps (Vllth) of the Second
Army." Then came General Maunoury's
attack from the West, and von Kluck
hustled back to meet it. At first he
left two corps behind (Tilth and IXth),
handing them over to von Biilow's com-
mand on the evening of September 6,
to cover his right. But not for long;
within 24 hours von Kluck sent the two
following messages : —

At io:io a.m.— "Ilnd, IVtli and IVth R.
Corps heavily engaged west of the Lower
Ourcq. Where are Illrd and IXth? What
is the situation there? Reply urgent."

At 11:15 a.m. — "Assistance of Illrd and
IXth Corps on Ourcq is urgently necessary
{dringend erforderlich). Enemy considerably
reinforced. Send Corps in direction La
Ferte Milon and Crouy."

The removal of these corps uncovered
the right flank of the Second Army
and was the cause of the subsequent
trouble.

Von Biilow takes the whole respon-
sibility for the withdrawal from the
Marne on September 9, mentioning,
however, that the representative of
O.H.L. (Lieut.-Colonel Hentsch) was
in agreement with him. There was a
gap of 30 miles, when von Kluck had
got all his corps back, between the
inner flanks of the First and Second
Armies, covered only by cavalry divi-
sions, and into it, as von Biilow shows
on a sketch map. were pressing the
left of Franchet d'Esp^rey's army and
the whole of the British Expeditionary
Force. He states his case as follows: —

"In these circumstances the probability of
the break-through of strong enemy 'forces
between the First and Second Armies had to
be reckoned with, unless at the la c t moment
the First Army decided to retire eastward
and to regain touch with the Second
Army. If it did not do so, and the enemy
got over the Marne in rear of the First
Army, there was the danger of the First

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Army being fully enveloped and driven west-
ward. When early on the gth September the
enemy [that is the British] crossed between
La Ferte sous Jouarre and Chateau Thierry,
there was no doubt whatever that the retreat
of the First Army was unavoidable both on
.strategic and tactical grounds, and that the
Second Army must also go back in order
that its right flank should not be completely
turned. . . . This decision was no light one
for the Second Army, as it was everywhere
victorious."'

O.H.L. approved of the decision on
Sept. 10, at 1:15 p. m., and emphasized
it by issuing the following order: — ■
"The First Army, until further orders,
is placed under the commander of the
Second Army." They added at 5 :45
p. m. : — '', Second Army will go behind
the Yesle, left flank at Thuizy. First
Army will receive directions from the
Second Army. Third Army, etc." Von
Billow thereupon ordered von Klttck
hack to the Aisne "to connect with the
right of the Second Army at Braisne
on the Vesle." This order, owing to the
attacks of the British, he was unable to
carry out ; lie was driven back north-
wards, still leaving a huge gap between
the inner flanks of the two German
armies.

Reinforcements were hurried to the
vital point — Landwehr Brigades, the
VUth Reserve, XVth, Xllth, and
XYIIIth Corps and cavalry — and the
gap was stopped with only a few
minutes to spare. Still the situation
remained most critical, and preparations
were made to fall back to the La Fere
line. In face of Franchet d'Esp^rey's
attacks the right of the Second Army
was. on September 14. in grave danger ;
its flank corps, the Yllth. "had put in
its reserves up to the last battalion."
Both sides were, however, exhausted.
Yon Biilow states that the infantry of
the First. Second, and Seventh Armies
was only two-fifths of its original
strength, and that O.H.L. issued in-
struction- "to exercise the greatest
economy in the expenditure of ammu-
nition." Throughout the battle of the
Aisne. the First Army gave little assist-
ance, and von Biilow had to send von
Kluck definite orders on the 15th. for-
bidding an offensive westwards, for he
was attempting, as on the Marne, to
carry out the role assigned to him. flank-

protection by attacking. On von Bit-
low's own evidence, von Kluck would
appear to be by far the greater com-
mander of the two. and with more of
the Foch spirit about him than any other
German general : von Biilow saw defeat
before he was beaten.

Among other, interesting revelations
in the book, we are told that O.H.L.
could get no definite news as to what
was happening at Liege in the early
days of the attack on that fortress. At
6:5 p.m., on August 7, a motor trans-
port officer reported at Aachen : —
"General von Emmich has got into
Liege with a brigade." At 6:15 p.m.,
a private telegram from Emmich to his
wife passed through : "Hurra — in Lilt-
tich!" Then Ludendorff came back and
reported, but was unable to return on
the 8th. owing to fire from the forts :
and communication with von Emmich
was broken again ; it was not restored
until noon on the 10th.

The reason for the non-execution of
O.H.L. orders of August 28, 1914, for
the First Army to march on the Lower
Seine and the Second Army on Paris,
is explained by von Biilow. The Sec-
ond Army, when engaged with General
Lanrezac at the battle of Guise, had to
ask assistance from the First, which
closed in, and eventually, on the 30th,
began crossing the Oise between Com-
piegne and Chauny, moving in a south-
easterly direction, in the hope of en-
veloping the British and the left of the
French armies. "O.H.L. concurred in
the measures planned."

Thus [says von Biilow] O.H.L.'s instruc-
tions for a march in a south-west direction
were abandoned for good, and the Third
and Second Armies wen' given a due south
direction. These instructions were of the
very greatest importance. Apparently O.H.L.
were not aware at this time that as early as
the 2Qth large detainments of enemy trocps
had taken place at Amiens, Mareuil. Mont-
didier. and Rove, and that the right of the
First Army had been attacked near Villers
Bretonncux.

That they were not informed and that
these forces were ignored for some days
was the great mistake of von Kluck.

-~<gM

— We are always ready to furnish such
back numbers of the F. R. as we have in
slock.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 15

The Boy Problem

To the Editor: —

In response to my article on "The
Uses and Abuses of Sport," in the
first January number of the Fort-
nightly Review, a Redemptorist Fa-
ther asks my opinion on Fr. Rothen-
steiner's paper, "The High Tide of
Crime" in the same issue, and adds :
"I think that, in general, he is correct ;
but it seems to me, he is subjecting
himself to attack, because many of our
criminals, sad to say, have been edu-
cated in the parochial schools."

Here we are brought face to face
with a fact which we know to be true,
not from hearsay, but from personal
investigation. We called the attention
of the readers of the F. R. to this de-
plorable fact several years ago in our
ser'es of articles on the Boy Problem,
and when one priest raised an objection,
another very efficient pastor of Men-
asha. Wis., recognizing the situation,
placed the blame upon the management
of some parochial schools, i. c, those
which somehow furnish a high percent-
age of delinquents and criminals. The
young element of certain nationalities
and schools is very much in evidence
in the courts and detention homes,
whilst from other parochial schools of
the same cities, — not only one city, —
not a single pupil has ever been haled
into court.

Lately I spent some time in the bovs'
court of a mid-Western metropolis,
and found the "lock-up" in the rear of
the court room, formerly called "bull
pen," fairly crowded. Catholic inves-
tigators, officers, and the secretary of
the court, an old friend of mine, were
unanimous in declaring that "the prob-
lem is getting beyond control." A very
efficient and conscientious Catholic in-
vestigator told me of some very serious
evils h e had seen, — things we dare not
describe, tlrngs which we know existed
years ago, but which are only now com-
ing to the surface.

I am not a pessimist, but I departed
from that place with the conviction
that the situation is well nigh hopeless.

I also had the pleasure of meeting

the managers of a psychopathic labora-
tory. They maintain that criminality
is a result of low mentality. But Stohr-
Kannamiiller, in their handbook of
Pastoral Medicine (Herder, 1900), de-
clare that the excessive practice of
secret vices is the cause of all kinds of
psychological rather than physiological
disorders. It is immaterial, too,
whether the propensity to commit those,
secret sins is inherited or acquired, or
both. The psychological result is the
same. Now, in its annual report,
this laboratory attributes the commis-
sion of crime, either entirely or partial-
ly, to dementia praecox, which is a
form of insanity. It is plain that the
constant and excessive practice of cer-
tain vices must result in mental and, to
some extent also, in physical wreckage.
Logically, then, we would have the fol-
lowing : Low morality, as Father Peter
called it, is the cause of low mentality,
and secret crime will, in the end, result
in the commission of all kinds of
crimes of violence.

That, fundamentally, a lack of ap-
plied practical religion is to blame, can
not be denied ; and that a godless edu-
cation cannot improve matters, but
must make them worse, is also un-
doubtedly true. So far we agree with
Fr. Rothensteiner. But it seems to us
that he places too much of the respon-
sibility for the existence of these un-
fortunate and alarming conditions upon
the wretched so-called system of public
education and not enough upon the
home and criminally neglectful parents.
If things continue the way they have
been going for quite a number of years,
some of us may live to witness the
complete demoralization of society.
Fr. A. B.

Trying to Maintain the Status Quo

The American Constitutional League
of Wisconsin publishes semi-monthly
The A. C. L. Forum, which has for its
avowed purpose the furtherance of "an
educational movement in behalf of
progressive Amercanism and in oppo-
sition to revolutionary radicalism." The
general committee is composed of man)'

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

of the State's most prominent and
wealthiest citizens, whose main inter-
est, for the most part, is the mainten-
ance of the status quo, — i. c, of things
as they are. This is clearly evident
from their twelve-page "Forum," which
is distributed free of charge.

Perusal of the second issue, for Jan.,
1921. leaves no room for doubt as to
the meaning of the terms "progressive
Americanism" and "revolutionary radi-
calism" in the minds of the A. C. L.
The fear of change in any form what-
ever has gripped the hearts of thus mem-
bers to such an extent that they dis-
regard a whole world of facts. Capital-
ism is a real and terrible evil. To ignore
its existence is dangerous ; to strive for
its preservation invites disaster. The
activities of the A. C. L. do not make
for "progressive Americanism," but for
a terrible resentment on the part of the
victims of Capitalism, which, it is to be
feared, will break forth in destructive
violence and may overwhelm society.

To what extent will the Church
suffer in such an upheaval, when prom-
inent dignitaries are among the mem-
bers of the general committee of so
reactionary an organization as the A.
C. L. of Wisconsin? — is a question
that fairly forces itself upon the clear-
visioned observer. F.

Prohibition

The Washington Post quotes former
Senator iMartine, of New Jersey. a>
saying in an interview :

"With sentiment in opposition to na-
tional prohibition rapidly crystallizing,
due in a large measure to the dismal
failure of the enforcement of the law,
I believe that the time is near at hand
when it will requ : re only proper lead-
ers to bring about a drastic modifica-
tion, if not the repeal, of the Volstead
act. So long as the law is upon the
statute books it should be enforced to
the letter. But the un-American spirit
of the act is becoming more and more
irksome every day and the autocratic
powers conferred by it are doomed to
annulment. The people of this country
are convinced now that bigotry dictated
the law and that moral cowardice was

responsible for its being foisted upon
them under the guise of a war measure.
The people are likewise convinced that
it is impossible to create morals or man-
ners by legislation or to repeal human
nature by an act of Congress. The use
of spirits was never considered an .evil
until a comparatively recent date, and
its abuse by a few, magnified by
reformers, is responsible for the farce
which we are now witnessing."

These facts were known to Catholics
from the start, but we do not often see
them published in the daily press, nor
find men of prominence brave enough
to voice them. I. McG.

The Passing of the Private Library

It is no good imagining that writers
and manufacturers of books are going
to work for a pittance or at a loss in
order that the everyday young man may
consume more bottled "beverage" and
a greater supply of chops. Consequent-
ly, unless the world is really anxious to
experiment in mental starvation, it had
better awake to what has been expressed
as the passing of the private library.
Schemes, such as "Buy a book a
week," will wither like the green bay
tree, because they are exotic, and be-
cause so many booksellers, being what
it is usual to describe as human, will
work off their surplus stocks on the un-
suspicious, thus converting a potential
book-buyer into a wild patron of the
"movies" and the restaurant. Still the
passing of the private library has to be
stayed, in the interests of the publishers
and the book-sellers even more than of
the reader. The reader may indemnify
himself in a measure by a subscription
to the lending library, but every unneces-
sary lending library means a diminished
sale for the publisher and the bookseller.
Such diminished sales can, however,
have but one ending, disaster to the pub-
lishing business, and so to the interests
of all those concerned for books and
education in every one of their many
phases. Such a disaster would herald
a return to the days of the patron, and
the rebirth of Maecenas in the twentieth
centurv is unthinkable.

THE FOKTW1GHTLY REVIEW

February 1

Religion and Politics

It has been time and again contended
that politics has not and should not
have anything to do with religion. This
opinion, if correct, would mean that it
is quite immaterial whether a govern-
ment bases its transactions upon Christ-
ian or atheistic principles. Bishop
Wehrle, of Bismarck, N. Dak., makes
this plain in his pamphlets written
against the tendency of the Nonpartisan
League to introduce State Socialism
into the North-West. The Bishop right-
ly declares that it is a right as well as
the duty of h's people to vote, and that
in voting, they must obey the dictates
of both reason and conscience, because
failure to do so would help godless
politicians to acquire a power which
they would surely use against the
interests of religion, and, consequently,
against the welfare of society.

For this reason it is not commend-
able that Catholic papers, weekly or
daily, proclaim their complete indepen-
dence of politics. While a large num-
ber of voters : s sufficiently instructed
to vote intelligently and conscientious-
ly, very many draw their information
from doubtful, not to say tainted
sources, and thus often ignorantly vote
.against the interests of religion. They
have a right to look to the Catholic and
Christian press for correct information
,-nd leadership, and that press ought to
be conscious of the fact that godless
politics will result in deviltry.

Fr. A. B.

~~^~

Idolatry of the Constitution

The American Constitutional League,
of Wisconsin, as part of its programme
of Americanization, recently conducted
an essay contest, in which the writers
were to explain why the particular prin-
ciples of government embodied in the
Constitution of the United States were
the best. This has become more than
a fad. It has become an efficient means
for propaganda, in which the schools,
both public and private, are made
ready tools. Any class or organization
with some partxular predilection, pro-
viding it is sufficiently "orthodox" in

its standpat and obstructionist policies,
can find this a ready means for the
propagation of its doctrines. Thus the
American Constitutional League is
"Americanizing'' Wisconsin by abetting
prevailing superstitions ! One of these
is the absolute perfection of our Con-
stitution. There is already far too much
blind idolatry of this document. If the
American Constitutional League spent
its time advocating needed constitution-
al reforms, it would be doing a real
service to our country. We need, for
instance, to abolish the obsolete elect-
oral college and the postponement of
the presidential inauguration four
months after the election, by which our
government is left without an effective
head.

Let us not forget, too. that the pres-
ent system of representation is unjust
and' should give way to proportional
representation as instituted, for exam-
ple, in sections of Canada.

Some day, also, we shall probably
realize the folly of geographical instead
of the logical classification by functions.
But ere that the inanity of "American-
ization" as carried on by dyed-in-the-
wool obstructionists will no doubt have
become apparent. Meanwhile some of
our parochial schools will continue to
garner the highly questionable recogni-
tion of numbering among their students
winners of such silly contests.

Forty Years of Missionary Life
in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.
(Twenty-fifth Installment)

In another article the Portia Free Picss
denied absolutely that anything had been said
about checking or opposing Catholics in
Pocahontas. Then "Sylvestris"' sent a letter
with a printed report to Brother Bolan,
editor of the Rcuidolph Herald in Pocahontas.
Here follows part of that report : "District
Conference for the Xewport District of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. South, met at
Rev. George M. Hill, P. E. George Thorn-
burgh was elected secretary: the hour of
meeting for morning was 6 to 9 o'clock: to
adjourn at 10:45. I" the afternoon they meet
at 2:30 o'clock and adjourn at 5, preaching
every day at 11 A.M. and 7 P.M. — Walnut
Hill Circuit, Brother Arnold. Condition
good. Eight new members received ; church

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

attendance on the increase; prayer meetings
at all points ; plenty of good workers ; family
prayers frequent; preacher's salary raised
by assessment; plan works well; general
collection raised by a cotton patch devoted
to that purpose; preachers do the work in
the patch and the Lord makes the cotton.
Here a motion was made and carried to sus-
pend the regular proceedings and decide
upon the place to hold the next conference.
Tacksonport's claims were that it was the old
"stamping-ground of Methodism. Now the
members were growing luke-warm. The
members were mostly ladies, but the delegates
would he well entertained. Walnut Hill
offered plenty of pure water. Come ye to the
waters, with free conveyance from the rail-
road. The Pocahontas people needed" it bad-
ly to offer a substantial check to the Catho-
lics : Smithville demanded it on account of
superiority to entertain the delegates. —
Pocahontas circuit. Brother Maynard. Spir-
itual condition bad; three prayer meetings;
no class meetings; family altars few; have
three church houses ; parsonage and 40 acres ;
financial, some assess, some collect ; stewards
have little love for their work ; no plans for
the general collections, have eight appoint-
ments, church attendance good; seldom have
the sacrament for the lack of wine; one
prayer meeting, etc. Financial condition poor ;
there is no money in the country, yet the
district conference should meet at Pocahontas
the next time to devise some means to op-
pose the progress of the Catholics."

Thereupon Brother Bolan of the Ran-
dolph Herald published the following article
concerning the "question of veracity", exon-
erating "Silvestris." but trying to shift the
responsibility upon the reporters. However
several hundred preachers had received that
printed report, and in case they had found it
incorrect, they ought to have had it corrected.

Bolan says : "In our last week's issue we
published a letter written by 'Silvestris', the
Pocahontas correspondent to Adam of Mem-
phis. 'Silvestris' stated in that letter that
Rev. Mr. Maynard, the Methodist preacher
from the circuit, did say before the Methodist
district conference, which met at Portia last
month, that he desired the next meeting
of the conference to take place at Poca-
hontas, 'to devise some means to oppose the
progress of the Catholics'. We also stated
that Mr. Maynard denied uttering one word
concerning such a project, and we further
stated this denial brought about a plain
question of veracity between Mr. Maynard
and 'Silvestris' which exonerates her from
all question of veracity. Mr. Maynard is
shown by the report as having alluded to the
very subject that he emphatically says he
did not mention; and whatever there may be
of error must lie in the reporter who re-
ported the work of the convention for pub-
lication in the Free Press of Portia."

The Conference was actually held the next
year at Pocahontas. Long before it met, big

preparations were made. The regular theme
of preaching for a time was about the super-
stitition and dangers of the "Romish"
Church. The poor Catholic servant girls in
Protestant families suffered most, as all
those calumnies were thrown at them. I had
quite a time to keep everybody quiet. The
Sunday before the beginning of the con-
ference I asked our congregation for the
love of Christ to leave our defense to God.
I could see no good in quarreling; besides.
we were too few in number, compared with
the others, and a person should not make
a fist if he has no hands. I told them it was
better that we were thought to be simple,
patient sheep, than to provoke dissension and
troubles. I repeated again and again: "If the
Lord is with us, we are strong, even though
the whole world be against us. Our help is
in the name of the Lord."

Finally, the day of the conference came.
Almost every house had one or more preach-
ers as guests, and the hotels were crowded.
The ministers were firmly determined to do
their best to stem the progress of Catholicity.
The conference started with a great show of
power. It was to last two weeks, but was
closed suddenly after a week. What was the
reason? A gentleman, named Hirsch, who
had a preacher in his house, drove him away,
threatening to shoot him if he would return
and pay any more attentions to his wife.
The conference took the preacher to task,
but he denied any guilt and refused to leave
the conference. The ministers, fearing
trouble, made an end of their convention,
but unfortunately for them this did not end
the Hirsch episode.

The said preacher, who lived at Black
Rock, sent a letter for Mrs. Hirsch, his
hostess, to a Miss Fisher, requesting the
latter to hand it to Mrs. Hirsch. He said it
contained some spiritual matters, but knowing
the jealousy and suspicion of her husband,
he judged it best not to send the letter di-
rectly. Miss Fisher, very curious to know
what those "spiritual matters" might be,,
opened the letter, in which the preacher de-
clared his ardent love for Mrs. Hirsch and
proposed to meet her at Ravenden Springs,
sixteen miles west of Pocahontas, where he
had regular appointments. He told her she
might inform her husband that she needed
the water cure at that resort. Miss Fisher
gave the letter to the Pocahontas Free Press ,
which published it. Thenceforth we had
peace and the preachers, compromised in that
campaign against the Catholic Church, re-
mained quiet.

This is but one instance of what happened
almost in every town in Arkansas after the
establishment of a Catholic church. A regu-
lar campaign of lies very often used to fol-
low. Frequently the people pretended to be-
lieve such stories as that of "Maria Monk."
in their hearts most of them admired the
Catholic Church. Every man or woman that
leads a pure and exemplary life is a constant

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February

Catholic Art and Architecture

A revised and enlarged second edition, containing foity-eight pages of plates, plus twenty-five pages of text. |-
The text lays down solid principles on Catholic art and architecture, and the plates exemplify these irinciplet>, as I

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been highly recommended by experts and members of the hierarchy and clerjry who have made I
a study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press j

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

reproach to those of lower character, and
if they cannot discover any real defect, they
usually call such a person "stuck up.'' Human
kind has suffered from the envy of the evil
one and is prone to that vice at all times. If
envy was a fever, says an Italian proverb,
everybody would be sick.

(To be continued)

-*-+<&•-

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

— A dog tethered to a tree will twirl round
and round until he cannot move. A man
with a fixed idea twirls round and round
his pet prejudice until, intellectually speak-
ing, he is tied fast. He is worse off than the
dog, in that he does not even wonder sadly
what has happened to him. He doesn't know
anything has happened.

— Dr. Thomas C. Hall, the eminent Am-
erican scholar, formerly of Union Theologi-
cal Seminary, New York, has been appointed
extraordinary professor of philosophy in the
University of Goettingen, of which he is a
graduate. Ur. Hall was a friend of Theodore
Roosevelt and a classmate of Woodrow
Wilson, but opposed America's entry into the
war, for which attitude, of course, he was
becomingly abused.

—The Catholic Citizen (Vol. 51. Xo. 9)
says it is "not prepossessed by a disposition
within our ranks which would favor the de-
signs of bigotry to exclude Catholics from
teaching in the public schools." But what
about the consistency of adult Catholics
teaching in schools from which Catholic chil-
dren are excluded by the law of nature and
of the Church? The problem is a difficult
one that cannot be disposed of by one of the
Milwaukee lawer-editor's facile ipse di.vit's.

— Apropos of the Hymn to St. Michael re-
cently reproduced in this journal, Father
Athanasius, O, S. B„ of Conception Abbey,
calls our attention to an article by Dreves in
the Stiminen aus Maria-Laach, 1901, pp. 297
sqq. It appears that the hymn was first
printed, but without the line "Protector sis
Germaniae," in Jesuit song-books published
on the lower Rhine. The old melody, given
bv Baumker, came from France via the
Netherlands. It is pleasant to see the interest
taken by many of our readers in even the
minor topics treated or mentioned in the
P. R. We thank Fr. Athanasius for his in-
formation.

— A correspondent of the American Daily
Standard, Chicago, quotes a preacher as
saying that "a Christian cannot live a sanc-
tified life while he sits with his nose over
a garbage can every day." The garbage can
is the average daily newspaper, and the com-
parison is as true as it is graphic. He who
reads and patronizes a sensational news-
paper becomes a partaker of other men's sins
and endangers his own morals. "Can a man
walk on coals and his feet be not burned?"
Would that at least Catholics, who are. or
should be, the salt of the earth, fully realized
this truth and lived up to it!

— While America is trying to forget the
war with its horrors and disgraceful con-
clusion, Great Britain is sending over agents
who are trying to fill otir young generation
with hatred. In a circular announcing a lec-
ture tour of Major Arthur de Bles, late
British administrator of Cologne, we read,
inter alia: "It is -necessary that our people,
especially the coming generation, be made to
realize the danger of forgetting the war and
the lessons it taught us." And : "I hope
every schoolboy in this country will have
the opportunity of hearing your marvellous
story," etc.

—St. John Berchmans Church, Chicago, has
a new set of windows which are worth
going a long way to see. They contain mo-
saic .paintings, composed of hundreds of
gems of opalescent glass, put together so as
to form rich and delicate, soft and brilliant
tableaux in manifold colors. There is a pe-
culiar lustre in the glass that makes it ap-
pear pearl-like. The deep colors used for the
garments and draperies look like downy
velvets. There are two novel features in re-
ligious iconography in the great windows of
the transept, namely, a large host with the
glorified Saviour and the Deluge with a rain-
bow in seven colors. A pamphlet with a full
description of the windows can be had from
the pastor. Rev. Julius E. DeVos, Logan
Bl. and Maplewood Ave., Chicago, 111.

— M. Henri Bourassa. in an article on
"La Presse et la Famille," in Lc Devoir, of
Montreal, says he is not impressed by the
argument of those who, to excuse the ab-
sence of a vigorous Catholic daily press,
point to the many exterior manifestations
of the faith in our churches and upon special
occasions. These manifestations, he says,
going hand in hand as they do with a con-
stant and rapid perversion of conscience and
with a growing degradation of public and

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

private morality, and especially of the homely
virtues of our ancestors, present a phenom-
enon that is disquieting rather than con-
Soling. "There is such a thing as an abuse
of grace and a deadening of conscience in
nations as well as individuals. Christ Himself
has judged and condemned those who honor
Him merely with their lips."

— The University of Louvain, in a circular
letter of which we have received a copy, asks
it.; American friends to aid it in resurrecting
its famous pre-war Revue d'Histoire Eccle-
siastique. The names of those who help will
be published on the first page of the first
number of the new series as well as in the
general index for 1900 to 1014 and in the
volume of "fitudes d'Histoire Ecclesiastique",
projected for the fifth centenary of the
founding of the University, in 1925. The
Revue was one of the foremost periodicals
of its kind, perhaps the leading historical
review of the Catholic world, and we hope
that those of our readers who are able and
interested in the subject of Church history,
as every cultured Catholic ought to be, will
aid in re-establishing it for the good of the
Catholic cause, which has altogether too few-
magazines of this kind.

— One has to read the German-language
newspapers or The Nation to get the testi-
mony given before the American Committee
of One Hundred which is inquiring into the
Irish question. Thus Lord Mayor O'Cal-
laghan, of Cork, read a letter from Thomas
Hales, who was taken from his home by
British soldiers at midnight and carried to
a guard-room, where his teetli were knocked
out, after which : "Finally the officer in com-
mand said: 'We'll make him talk. Bring the
tongs.' A number of tongs were brought
and were applied to my finger nails in such
a manner as to twist them loose. Blood
spurted from my fingers. Under the torture
I lost consciousness and all sense of pain,"
etc. This nail-tearing process fits in well with
the returning popularity of witchcraft, lynch-
ing and Ku Klux Klanism.

— The Harry Wilson Agency, 330 S. Ven-
dome Str., Los Angeles, Cal.. offers a sub-
stitute for the discontinued Catholic Direc-
tory "List of American Catholic Periodical
Publications" in its trade circular for 1921.
which contains a fairly complete roster of
the Catholic magazines and newspapers pub-
lished in English in the U. S., with the ad-
dition of two or three foreign-language
periodicals. Mr. Wilson, as our readers
know, is a convert from the Episcopalian
ministry and has founded his agency for the
purpose of providing work for converted
Protestant ministers, by which they may
earn a livelihood for themselves and their
families. His agency has the approbation
of the Bishop of Los Angeles and can be
unreservedly recommended to all who are
in the habit of ordering their magazines and
newspapers, secular as well as religious.

through a subscription agency. The Belleville
Messenger has called attention to a few er-
rors and omissions, which will no doubt be
corrected when a new edition is called for.

—The Rev. Charles Bruehl, D. D., of Over-
brook Seminary, who conducts the "Book
Reviews" department of the Salesianum,
says in Vol. XVI, No. 1 of that excellent
quarterly: "It is the duty of the reviewer
to save his readers' money by warning them
against the purchase of such books as will
not repay the outlay made in their acqui-
sition. This is a duty not pleasant to per-
form nor likely to bring him the gratitude
of author and publisher. Yet it is not right
to foist books on the public that are in-
ferior in quality and that cause the buyer
a financial loss and a waste of time." The
occasion for these remarks was the Rev.
Owen A. Hilll's, S. J., "Ethics" (already
mentioned in the F. R.) , which Dr. Bruehl
says, is "a poor piece of work and decidedly
unworthy of a scholar." It is surprising the
Jesuit censorship does not prevent the pub-
lication of such books.

— There has been some talk in the Am-
erican Catholic press lately of the need of
an authentic history of the movement known
as Cahenslyisrn. An eminent ecclesiastic has
written up the affair, but will not publish
the result of his researches during the life-
time of Cardinal Gibbons, for reasons not
difficult to divine. The Echo lately mentioned
Dr. Frederick J. Zwierlein as a fit man to
throw light on the subject, but the Reverend
Doctor informs us that Bishop McQuaid, upon
whose biography he is engaged, had hardly
anything to do with Cahenslyisrn, so-called,
and speaks of it only once in a letter, written
after he had received a telegram from in-
terested parties in Rome. Bishop McQuaid,
like the good and prudent shepherd that he
was, let the "language question" settle itself
in his diocese and lauded the German Cath-
olics to the skies because of their zeal for
parochial schools.

— Beginning with the January issue, the
Catholic Historical Review, of Washington,
ceases to be a magazine devoted wholly to
American Catholic history and launches out
into the wider field of general Church his-
tory. We regret to learn that the Rev. Dr.
Peter Guilday, who founded the Reviciv
and raised it to its high level of scholarship,
has retired from its editorial management.
He is a first-rate scholar and a fearless
lover of truth, and it always gave us great
pleasure to second his efforts on behalf of
Catholic truth and justice. His able pen ought
not to grow rusty now that it is no longer
wielded in an editorial capacity. As for the
Revieiv, it will henceforth be devoted to the
general history of the Church, from the be-
ginning to the present time, and if it con-
tinues to maintain the high standard set by
Dr. Guilday, we have no doubt it will in
course of time become a fit pendant to the
Louvain Revue d'Histoire Ecclesiastique.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

February 1

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars w \*™ -- ^ ^ w* i» i e " i he w

SEGAR LOGIC

(~)CR segar leaf is bought by skilled leaf buyers, who devote their entire time and attention
^-' to that particular occupation; and there always is an expert, a man skilled in his own
particular line, who handles the segar until it finally reaches the smoker. Segar men are
born, not made. It seems that they are endowed by nature with a discriminating taste; for
without a discriminating taste, there is no inherent success. It takes skill and knowledge of
leaf to blend tobaccos together so as to produce a fine, aromatic smoke. Vet some folks say
that a really fine segar is not good. The segar is all right, but either their taste is off, or
they do not like that particular blend of leaf. Smoking is like eating. If we should eat beef-
steak every day, we would get tired of it. The same in smoking. We should change our
blend or combination once in a while. Then our taste will come back to our old particular
blend, which we like.
Ifin <tl On Sent Post Paid on Receipt of Monev Order or N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory
IUU""4> /.Oil pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mai

ffi 50--S4.00

Kstabli-hed i£

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

Literary Brier's

— Our valued contributor, the Rev. John E.
Rothensteiner, has had a limited number of
copies of the paper on "The Flathead and
Nez Perce Delegation to St. Louis, 1831— •
1839," which he contributed to the St. Louis
Catholic Historical Review, struck off in
pamphlet form. (Amerika Press, St. Louis,
Mo.).

— In "Father Allan's Island. - ' Miss Amy
Murray presents with charm and insight the
wonder tales, the simple faith, the folk music,
and the color of the daily lives of the in-
habitants of the tiny isle of Eriskay. The
book incorporates some thirty representative
folk-songs with music. Padraic Colum, in a
foreword, praises especially the author's
dramatic style. (Harcourt, Brace, & Howe).

— Wilhelm Wundt's entire library, one of
the most valuable private collections in
Europe, has been placed in the hands of
Alfred Lorentz, an antiquarian of Leipzig.
It is expressly stipulated that the books shall
not be sold to buyers living outside of Ger-
many or intending to leave Germany. Wundt
died September 2, 1920.

—Father Henry Ignatius Dudley Ryder's
"Sermons and Notes of Sermons," which
have been edited by the Fathers of the
Birmingham Oratory (Sands & Co. and B.
Herder Book Co.), must be accepted for
what they profess to be : discourses, not pre-
pared for special occasions, but preached in
the ordinary routine of parochial work. They
are distinguished principally by a happy
knack of illustration and analogy.

— Fredrika Bremer's letters, 1,486 in num-
ber, have been collected, edited, and published
by P. A. Xorstedt & Sons, Christiania. Many
of them are of immediate interest to Am-
ericans. Fredrika Bremer, it will be recalled,
spent two years in the U.S. (1849—51), and
on her return to Sweden wrote "Homes in
the New World" (1853). Her best works
have been translated into nearly all European
languages. She died in 1865.

Books Received

Geschichte der Piifstc scit dem Ausgang des Mitt el-
alters. Mit Benutzung des papstlichen Geheim-
archivs and vieler auderer Archive bearbeitet von
I.udwig Freiherrn von Pastor. Achter Band: Ge-
schic.ite der Papste im Zeitalter der katholischen
Reformation und Restauration: Pius V. (1566 —
1572). xxxvi & 676 pp. 8vo. Freiburg i. B. :
Herder i\- Co.; St. Louis, Mo.: B. Herder Book
Co. $7.40 net.

Auffallende Erscheimmgett an dem Christusbilde
j "ii Limpias. Yon Prof. Dr. Freiherr von KleisL
Dritte, erweiterte Aufl. 160 pp. 16mo. Illustrated.
Kirnach-Villingen (Baden), Germany: Verlag dev
Waist nanstalt ( Schulbriider). M. 7. (Wrapper).

The Seminarists' Symposium, 1919 — 1930. Edited and
Issued by the St. Thomas Literary and Homiletic
Society of St. Vincent Seminary, Beatty, Pa.
Vol. II. Press of the Pittsburg Observer.

A Year with Christ. By William J. Young, S.J.
208 pp. 12mo. B. Herder Book Co. $1.60 net.

Psychology and Mystical Experience. By John How-
lev, M.A., Professor of Philosophy, Galway. x &
275 pp. 8vo. B. Herder Book Co. $2.50 net.

.1 Parochial Course of Doctrinal Instructions for
all Sundays and Holydays of the Year. Based on
the Teaching of the Catechism of the Council of
Trent and Harmonized with the; Gospels and
Epistles of the Sundays and Feasts. Prepared
and Arranged by the Rev. Cfaas. J. Callan, O.P.,
and the Rev. John A. McHugh, O.P., Professors
in the Theological Faculty of Maryknoll Semi-
nary, Ossining, X. Y. Dogmatic Series: Vol. I.
xvi & 506 pp. 8vo. New York: Joseph F. Wag-
ner, Inc. $3.50 net.

A Case of Demoniacal Possession. 32 pp. 16mo.
Xotre Dame, Ind. : Ave Maria Press. (Wrapper).

Chiistus in seiner Priie.y istenz und Kenose nach
Phil. II, 5-8. 2. Teil: Exegetisch-kritische Unter-
suchung von Heinrich Schumacher, Assoc. Prof,
der neutl. Exegese an der Catholic University of
America in Washington, D. C. Von dem Bibel-
institut zu Rom preisgekront. xv & 423 pp. 8vo.
Rome: Press of the Pontifical Bible Institute.

Amerika"

Daily, Sunday and Semi-weakly Catholic Journal

4 JOB PRINTING &

done with neatness and dispatch

"The Fortnightly Review" is printed by us

18 South Sixth St. St. Louis, Mo.

1921 THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW 65

NEW! A most timely and valuable contribution to the Catholic Pulpit.

A PAROCHIAL COURSE OF
DOCTRINAL INSTRUCTIONS

For All Sundays and Holydays of the Year

Based on the Catechism of the Council of Trent, and Harmonized with the
Gospels and Epistles of the Sundays and Feasts

Prepared and Arranged by the Rev. Charles J. Callan, O. P., and the Rev.

J. A. McHugh, O. P., Professors in the Theological Faculty

of Maryknoll Seminary, Ossining, N. Y.

With an Introduction by the Most Rev. Patrick J. Haves, D. D.,
Archbishop of New York

(Complete in Four Volumes
(Vols. I and II: Dogmatic Series; Vol. III. and IV: Moral Series)

Volume I is now ready.
Vols. II, III, and IV in active preparation.

Price per volume, bound in cloth, not. $3.50

In his Introduction to the work Archbishop Hayes says :

"No more timely and valuable contribution to the Catholic Pulpit could
possibly be made than the "Parochial Course of Doctrinal Instructions",
prepared by Reverend Fathers Callan and McHugh."

JOSEPH F. WAGNER (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 1

Catholic Art and Architecture

Price $1.00, post tree
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars ft ii* -- lakes me \m to h p, i*

SEGAR LOGIC

rp O GO into the blending of leaf would be an endless story, which we will not here attempt
*- to present. There are many different ideas and tastes as to what really constitutes a good
segar. Without knowing the individual taste of the man who is going to smoke the segar,
it is difficult to tell him what really is a good segar. Therefore, should a segar not suit his
particular taste, it is not necessarily a bad segar, and vice versa. Very few smokers really
know what particular blend of leaf they are smoking. Hence, if a man can get a moderate-
priced segar to suit his taste, why should he pay big money for very choice Havana segars
when he has not cultivated a taste for smoking that kind of tobacco, especially if his income
is limited? It would be like a man with a beer income indulging in fine vintages of wine.
He would become a bankrupt ere he became a connoisseur.
Ifin <T1 00 Sent Post Paid on Receipt of Monev Order or N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory, ("fl <T/ t\n
IUU""4>/.0U pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mail 0U"'4) < T.UU

Established 1866

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N". Y.

The WOLFRAM COMPANY

17 Chestnut Street
Columbus, Ohio

WOLFRAMS SANOS

?o.go per bottle $0.04 War Tax

5.00 6 bottles 0.24 "

9.50 12 bottles 0.4S "

WOLFRAMS CATARRH REMEDY, for Catarrh of

the Head, Nose. Throat, Hay Fever, and General

Catarrhal Conditions.

$ [ .25 per bottle $0.05 War Tax

7.00 6 bottles 0.30

13.00 12 bottles 0.60

WOLFRAMS CONSTIPATION CAPSULES, for Re-
lief of Constipation, Very beneficial indirectly
in Auto-intoxication, Piles, and the more com-
mon forms of urinary disturbances.

$2.00 per box $008 War Tax

5.00 3 boxes 0.24

WOLFRAMS THROAT CHIPS, for Coughs, Tick-
ling in the Throat, Smoker's Sore Throat, for
Singers and Speakers.

$1.00 per doz. Small Boxes $0.12 War Tax
2. so per doz. Large Boxes 0.12
WOLFRAMS SO-MEEKA. should be used when
suffering from Gas, Indigestion, Sour Stomach
and Bloatedness.

$0.10 per Small Box $0.01 War Trx

•1 .00 per Lai ge Box 0.04 "

WOLFRAMS MALTUM, to be used in place of Tea

or coffee, for assisting in getting a weak stomach

in good condition and building up the system.

$0.25 Per Package $5.00 22 packages

ST. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 5

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

March 1, 1921

'Go, Show Yourselves to the Priests!"
(Luke XVII, I4-)
By Eugene M. Beck. S.J.,
St. Louis University.

Upon the blinding Salem way
Ten outcast lepers waiting stood —

A constellation of dismay —
Boldened to instant hardihood.

For brightly, through their sad disgrace.

The Master's fame had pierced to them,
And they were eager for His face

And fain to touch His garment-hem.

The dreadful flesh outshone the sands;

Slow were their huddled forms and lean
But they, uplifting piteous hands,

Cried : "Master, Thou canst make us clean !'

Who said — His words were urgent-sweet—
"Go to the priests, and as they say,

So be it done!" (for it is meet
That they who bind, shall take away.)

So runs the tale. . . .

This may ye know

There is no wound, however deep.
But may be healed, if ye would go

To them that Christ's succession keep.

"Controlling" Dreams

Mary Arnold-Forster, in an interest-
ing volume of psychological "Studies
in Dreams'' (Allen & Unwin, London),
tells how by exercises in concentration
and suggestion she succeeded in "con-
trolling" her dream states, switching off
bad dreams and inducing good ones.
She says :

"I tried repeating this formula to my-
self from time to time, during the day.
and on going to bed, always in the same
words — 'Remember, this is a dream.
You are to dream no longer' — until, I
suppose, the suggestion that I wanted
to imprint upon the dream mind became
more definite and more powerful than
the impression of any dream.. . .For a
time after this secret had been fully
learned, this would always awaken me
at once ; nowadays, the formula having
been said, I do not have to wake, though
I may do so, but the original fear

dream always ceases. It is simply
"switched off," and a continuation of
the dream, but without the disturbing
element, takes its place and goes for-
ward without a break."

The astonishing docility of the
"dream mind" in obeying the conscious
suggestions of the author tempted her
to go further and to induce pleasant
dreams by the same means. The dream-
er "wished" to dream a certain dream,
and the dream came, not at once, but
generally within a few days. A hundred
years ago people would have called this
witchcraft, nowadays we call it auto-
suggestion ; but whichever name we give
it the process remains inexplicable, and
we can only see in it the moulding to
its desire by the conscious of the un-
conscious.

—<$>*-.

The Ethics of Dress

Our attention has been called to an
article on "Dress," by Eric Gill, in the
December Blackfriars. The author,
whoever he may be, contends, seemingly
in all seriousness, that "vanity and per-
sonal conceit are as much the right and
proper accompaniment of the male
among human beings as among ani-
mals" and that "among women. . .vani-
ty is ipso facto vicious — a sign of degra-
dation, a proof of departure from the
divine plan, the fruit of irreligion and
sexual abnormality and abandon."

Of course, Mr. Gill does not prove
his thesis. No one could prove such an
absurd contention. But why should a
serious and ordinarily well-conducted
magazine like Blackfriars print such
rubbish ? Has the Chestertonian mania
for paradoxically poisoned even the
Catholic magazines of England?

As for the ethics of dress, the reader
will find it briefly explained in Dr. A.
Koch's "Handbook of Moral Theol-
ogy," English edition, Vol. Ill, pp. 27
sqq.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 1

How One Parish Pays Its Debt

St. Ann's congregation, of Mil-
waukee, has demonstrated the value of
organization. The congregation consists
of about 800 families, mostly laborers.
Most of the parishioners own their
homes, but only a few have more than
that. The parish was organized in 1894,
in a new district, only partly platted.
The first building erected was a com-
bination church and school. The school
sisters at first lived in the combination
building, and the parsonage consisted
of a "duplex flat" on wooden under-
pinning.

Father August B. Salick, who took
charge of the newly organized parish,
was known as "the school-pastor," and
as such "made good." The school at-
tendance showed a steady and healthy
growth, so that the Sisters were soon
crowded out ; their quarters being con-
verted into school rooms. About fifteen
years ago, although greatly in need of a
new church, a new school was built, a
three-story building, and a few years
later, a new and substantial parsonage
was erected.

At the beginning of the World War
it was decided to build a new church,
and in order to raise the necessary
money, the men of the congregation,
being well organized, undertook a
"drive," the first of its kind, unless the
writer is mistaken. While the men
visited the members of the congrega-
tion, the women and children made a
novena under the leadership of the
pastor. The first drive resulted in about
$55,000. The War made building pro-
hibitive, and so work was postponed.
About two years ago, another drive was
made, which resulted in $35,000. Backed
by St. Ann's Union, a federation of all
the societies of the parish, a bazaar was
conducted in 1920, which netted the
congregation over $18,000. Building
operations on the new church were be-
gun in the early fall of 1919, but owing
to almost insurmountable difficulties,
incident to the World War, the building
progressed slowly. Yet the people kept
right on gathering and contributing
funds. The new church will be dedi-
cated this spring, and although it will

cost about $150,000, the indebtedness
will be only about $30,000.

The congregation is determined to
wipe out the indebtedness in a very few
years, in order to save interest money
and apply it to the school, to make it
the best school in Milwaukee. To ac-
complish this, a Debt Society was or-
ganized along new plans, and the sys-
tem, after being in vogue one year, is
successful beyond expectations.

For the benefit of those who may
want to inaugurate a similar plan, per-
mit me to briefly describe the plan of
St. Ann's.

First of all, members enroll volun-
tarily, although asked by friends to do
so. Each member pays one dollar a
month. Members, after being enrolled,
receive from the secretary's office 12
envelopes, bearing the roster number
of the member, with a letter instructing
them to drop the envelope with a dollar
in the collection box, and to urge friends
and relatives to join the Debt Society.
The envelopes are turned over to the
treasurer of the society, who credits the
members, who are identified by the
roster number on their pay-envelopes
if they neglect to write their name and
address on the envelope. The president,
vice-president, treasurer, and secretary
hold monthly meetings to discuss mat-
ters pertaining to the welfare of the
society.

During the first year, the society col-
lected $2,500, but it must be borne in
mind that many members joined only
in October, November, or December,
1920. The total membership, at this
writing, is 327. The increase from
January 1st to February 1st was 28,
and the prospects are that the member-
ship will reach the 400 mark by March
1st.

At the beginning of the second year
of membership, each member receives a
statement, showing the amounts paid
during the several months of the first
year, and, attached to the statement, a
private mailing card, addressed to the
secretary, with the request to get some
relative or friend to sign the card and
to drop it in the nearest mail box. In
this wise the 299 members of the first

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

year become solicitors for the society,
and so far they have done excellent
work.

A membership of 1,000 is the slogan,
and this number will be attained, be-
cause the people of St. Ann's realize
that their debt, if unpaid, will double in
20 years at 5%, and they fully under-
stand that it is wiser and better to spend
the money for school purposes than to
pay interest.

St. Ann's Union, which constitutes
the great organization of the parish,
consists of all societies within the par-
ish. Each society, whether large or
small, is represented by two delegates,
who meet monthly around the council
table. Whatever the congregation under-
takes, has the fullest support of this
Union. The societies, in turn, give
entertainments for the benefit of the
church fund, and these entertainments
are supported by the affiliated societies.

In any Catholic national organization,
the individual parish must represent the
unit, to be effective. It is comparatively
easy to reach the pastors of the congre-
gation, but is difficult to reach the in-
dividual members and obtain results —
action. It will be seen that in St. Ann's,
this can be accomplished without delay
through the Union or local Federation
of societies.

It may seem strange that the people
of St. Ann's do not stand behind their
pastor, but they do stand around him, all
giving him their support, all working
hand in hand with him, all realizing
that they constitute one large family
with him, one that has no enemies
among the neighbors (Protestants), but
has been setting a pace, and, because of
the great harmony and co-operation
that exists among the members, has
shown to other denominations that at
least one of the prejudices harbored
against Catholics is unwarranted.

J. M. Sevenicii

*-»^Lm

— It is encouraging to see Catholic society
women fighting the birth control propaganda,
and some of the resolutions passed by them
are very creditable indeed. But when one is
admitted to the homes of some of these
women and sees the size of their families,
one cannot help wondering whether they
practice what they preach.

A Word With Our Critics

This is the twenty-eighth year of the
Fortnightly Review, and there has
not been one among the preceding twen-
ty-seven in which the little magazine has
not been criticized for two contradic-
tory reasons, namely, first, because it
was "too much Preuss" and, secondly,
because the editor did not write enough
himself, but gave too much of his space
to contributors who were his inferiors
ill scholarship and literary talent. Curi-
ously enough, the month of February,
1921, brought us the same complaints
from widely different sources.

We wish to say again, what we have
said so often before, that we do the
best we can under difficult conditions ;
that we are compelled to engage in much
other literary and journalistic work to
make a living; that the Fortnightly
Review is a labor of love and not a
business 'undertaking, and should be
judged as such ; that "too much Preuss"
is apt to displease some readers ; that
the editor is not enough of a genius to
make an absolutely "one-man" magazine
sufficiently interesting to a sufficient
number of readers; that some, if not
all, of our esteemed contributors, are at
least the equals of the editor in knowl-
edge and literary ability, and that we
could not possibly satisfy everybody,
no matter how hard we tried.

And so, remembering what an old
Jesuit professor of ours used to say : "Do
your best, and angels can't do better,"
we shall continue to give our subscribers
as readable and worth-while a journal
as we know how. If we can interest a
sufficient number sufficiently to induce
them to continue their support and to
supply the lacunae constantly made in
our subscription list by death and other
inevitable causes, we shall continue to
edit the F. R. to the best of our ability ;
but if the number of active supporters
should at any time in the future fall
below a certain minimum figure, we
shall discontinue the magazine. We can't
give our labor gratis and add money
besides. The Review must continue to
"pay its way," as it has done for twenty
vears, or die.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 1

The Socialization of the School

In an age when most institutions are
appraised by their "social value," it was
to be expected that the school would not
escape the "socializing" process. And
this process is going on apace. Several
bulletins of the Bureau of Education
are devoted to a discussion of ways and
means for increasing the social value of
the schools. One of them (No. 28) is
entitled, "The Extension of Public Edu-
cation — A Study in the Wider Use of
School Buildings." It lists about three
score of various "activities" that are
now carried on in the public schools
in various parts of the country, outside
of "school hours."

The sub-title of the Bulletin just men-
tioned defines the purpose of socializing
the school ; it is, to make "wider use"
of the school plant. The object is praise-
worthy, as it aims to secure maximum
results with minimum outlay. But once
this enthusiastic game of "socialization"
has begun, it is hard for some fiery ad-
vocates to keep within the boundaries
of prudence and common sense. They
want the State, through the school, to do
anything and everything for the child
and for those who come to the socialized
school. In other words, the fearful
danger of State Paternalism — and the
danger is fearful because it strikes at
fundamental liberties — is scarcely con-
sidered by some enthusiasts.

This is no pet objection of old fogies
opposed to "educational progress." It
has been voiced very strongly by those
who are most ready to welcome reforms
in our schools. Thus, a writer in The
Nation (June 29, 1916) refers to the
growing menace of Paternalism in al-
lowing the schools to encroach upon the
duties and the privileges of the home.
"The duties of the home." he says,
"have, in fact, been more assumed by
the school. That the movement in this
direction has meant a great gain for the
children of the poor, no one can doubt ;
nor question the fact that it hastens the
process of assimilating the most hetero-
geneous of populations. We have been
particularly struck by the amount of

space given in the programme to the
care of backward children. The crippled,
the blind or deaf, the mentally defec-
tive now have the advantage of special
schools so organized as to render them
efficient men and women. All this de-
sire to democratize education represents
a magnificent service, and one that must
have a telling effect upon future gener-
ations. Its merits shine forth so clearly
that one hesitates to point out any pos-
sible drawbacks which it may have. Yet,
it seems certain that the generous mo-
tive which strives to bring the functions
of the home to the homeless is tending
to relieve parents of all sense of re-
sponsibility in the instruction of their
children. The more the schools under-
take, the more the parents shirk. The
result is bound to be a leveling of minds
and manners. However desirable may
be the all-around attention given to
children of the poor, this extreme
democracy in education is sure to defeat
itself unless the schools can count upon
the cooperation of parents. At present
the schools are, with the best intentions
of the world, in much the same position
as the clergyman who, when he might
be interpreting Holy Writ, is telling his
congregation how they should vote."

Nor does the danger lie merely in
taking away from parents "all sense of
responsibility in the instruction of their
children." For "the emphasis placed in
the programme on 'social values' may
signify an entirely mischievous concep-
tion of what a school can attempt —
for who shall lightly say what the social
values of any community are?"

Still the movement toward "wider use
of school buildings" suggests so many
ways of developing the work of our
parochial schools that it would be un-
wise not to adopt its more commendable
features.

( Rev.) Albert Muntsch, S. J.
—<j>~.

— Father V. Cathrein, S.J., has written a
little treatise on humility that, unlike so
many others of its kind, strongly appeals
to the modern man by its good sense and
logicalness. No one can read it without
deriving profit, therefrom. ("Die christliche
Tugend der Demut. Ein Biichlein fur alle
Gehildeten": B. Herder Book Co.)

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

The German Indemnity

After months of secret meetings, the
Allied Premiers have finally decided
upon the indemnity to be paid by Ger-
many for her part in the war. And what
an indemnity? The conditions stagger
the imagination, they spell ruin for a
prosperous nation, let alone a nation
that has weathered a four years' war
against the greatest possible odds. Had
Germany demanded a like indemnity
from France in 1870, there would have
been no France to-day, to be a party to
such unreasonable conditions as those
imposed upon Germany. Generations
yet unborn in that unhappy country will
be reduced to want and pgverty in order
to meet this extortionate demand. It is
an advantage unjustly taken of a de-
feated foe. Justice and reason are
thrown to the winds, and greed and hate
have usurped their place. For a period
of nearly fifty years, according to the
agreement entered into by the Allied
Supreme Council, the German people
must pay in reparations alone, from two
billion to six billion gold marks annual-
ly.

This is the price set upon defeat. This
is the sort of thing that an unsuccessful
war brings to an unsuccessful nation.
Irrespective of the fact that a great in-
justice is being done to a brave people,
and innocent victims, the generations
yet to come, Premier Lloyd George has
said : "Germany must pay to her utmost
capacity. It is to Great Britain's interest
as well as to the interests of France
and Belgium that Germany pay to the
last farthing."' It is by the orders of this
same "liberty-loving gentleman" that
the Irish people, craving for indepen-
dence from cruel England, are being
shot down by British soldiery, and their
property destroyed. The story of how
Germany was made to pay to the vic-
torious powers will bring the blush of
shame to coming generations when his-
tory is written and the true facts of the
late war are made known. One of out-
distinguished Senators, who saw
through the machinations of the Allies
in imposing this staggering indemnity,
said that the sum put on Germany and
"the method of payment is deliberately

arranged to prevent Germany from get-
ting any aid from any country other
than her own war creditors, thus keep-
ing Germany in increasing debt to the
Allied countries."

The levy of such colossal reparations
upon Germany cannot but be viewed
with alarm. If Germany during the next
forty-two years is going to be obliged
to raise and pay to the Allies for repara-
tions and indemnities a sum approxi-
mately $50,500,000,000, economists ex-
press grave fear of the consequences
resulting from the condition which of
necessity will arise within the German
nation, in order to make possible the
raising of this stupendous sum. It will
be necessary, of course, for Germany
to raise, through taxes and other meth-
ods, sufficient sums of money to run its
government and provide for the cus-
tomary expenses of the country during
the forty-two year period. So $50,500,-
000,000 really does not represent the
sum which the government will be ob-
liged to raise in the next half a cen-
tury. The staggering sum demanded of
Germany is not only a menace to
Europe, but also to the United States
in an economic way. To Germany itself,
to a people to whom the world owes per-
haps more than to any other nation for
her civilizing influence upon the human
race, it means ruin and spells disaster.
A reaction is not impossible that will
shake the universe.

(Rev.) F. Jos. Kelly
— <s>*~.

— Sir Oliver Lodge, in his preface to "The
Earthen Vessel: A volume dealing with
Spirit-Communication Received in the Form
of Book-Tests," by Pamela Glenconner (John
Lane), describes the phenomenon known as
"book-tests" as "part of a scheme devised
by those who are communicating with us
'from the other side' to get messages through
in a way that cannot be attributed to any
ordinarily recognized variety of subconscious
activity on the part of the medium, nor to
telepathy or mind-reading between the
medium and the person who is receiving the
messages." The method is for the medium
to convey as from some one "on the other
side," the exact particulars as to the where-
abouts of a book, and as to a passage in the
book which is to be taken as a message to a
living person. Full particulars are given of
nearly 30 such tests.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March I

The Catholic Social Year Book

The Catholic Social Year Book, now in
its 1 2th year (published by the Catholic
Social Guild, Oxford, England) has be-
came more "scientific," and also more
practical and useful to all Catholic so-
cial workers with every issue. The five
chapters of the 1921 edition bear the
suggestive headings: "Foreign Mis-
sions," "Propaganda at Rome," "Or-
ganisation," "Sanctification and Chari-
ty," "Social Action and Education."
An introductory essay covers the field
of "Catholic Organisation in England."
One point made in this paper, which has
often been referred to in the F. R., has
impressed us. It is "The Problem of
the Leakage — Boys' After-Care." Some
years ago we discussed in this Review
the problem of the leakage in as far as
it concerns the Church in America, on
the basis of Rev. John H. Wright's
pamphlet, "How to Stop the Leakage"
(C. T. S.) In the present work we read :
"Those who know conditions best are
those who take the most pessimistic
view [italics ours]. It is a conservative
estimate to say that half the children
who leave our elementary schools give
up their religion by the time they marry.
Father Wright says that the leakage, is
greatest among those who leave the ele-
mentary schools and during the ages
between fourteen and twenty." The
present writer is strongly of the opinion
that had these lines been written by the
Editor of the Fortnightly Review,
he would have received letters of protest
(probably anonymous), calling him a
"croaker." But now we might as well
do what we can to save souls from the
wreckage, both in England and in the
United States. A. M.
*-*<§>-•-•

History of a Teaching Community

It is a matter for rejoicing for all
those interested in the history of the
foundation and the pioneer efforts of
our teaching sisterhoods, that the num-
ber of monographs telling that interest-
ing story is on the increase.

One of the latest additions to the
list is a fine volume on the early history
and the development of the educational

and hospital work of a community of
Franciscan Sisters whose schools are
numerous in Wisconsin and Iowa. The
record is published under the title :
"Our Community — The Origin and the
Development through Seventy Years of
the Congregation of the Sisters of the
Third Order of St. Francis of the Per-
petual Adoration, La Crosse, Wiscon-
sin, 1849 — 1919."

The book is all the more noteworthy
because it is written "by a member of
the community" and published at St.
Rose Convent, La Crosse, Wise, the
motherhouse of the community. It is,
therefore, entirely a "home product,"
and the excellent make-up of the vol-
ume, the clear print, and the fine por-
traits speak well for the quality of work
done at the Convent press.

The teaching of domestic science has
always been held in high esteem by the
Sisters and now their Domestic Train-
ing School, St. Angela's Institute, at
Carroll. Iowa, takes high rank. For "to-
day students not only from the adjacent
States, but even from the remotest parts
of the Union are enrolled at St. An-
gela's." _________

The Democratization of Industry

The Amalgamated Clothing Workers
of America, according to a news report,
propose to operate the clothing industry
themselves. To quote their secretary :
"The clothing industry is ours. The em-
ployers may own the factories and the
tools, which we are not taking away
from them. We are not going to permit
the employer to determine where his
factory is to be, nor how many hours
we shall work."

The article "Democratizing Industry"
in the February 1st number of the F. R.
points in the same direction. The writer
in the Irish Theological Quarterly, as
there quoted, does not agree with all
the doctrines or proposals of the Rev.
Dr. John A. Ryan. What the workers
are entitled to have in strict justice is
a fair wage. We should like to ask: Is
the employer bound in justice to grant
his workingmen a participation in the
management of his business? Is he ob-
liged in justice to accede to the wishes

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

of the men regarding collective bar-
gaining? In other words, to give them,
in addition to a fair wage, a share of
the net profits? When these questions
have been answered and settled, there
arises another, viz. : Is it expedient, is
it prudent, to do so?

A number of years ago I averted a
threatening strike on the part of a cer-
tain printers' union. The men contended
that, in consequence of the increased
cost of living, they were entitled to an
increase in wages. The master printers
agreed to arbitrate, and the representa-
tive of the union, whom I considered a
moderate Socialist, proposed that I (a
priest) be appointed sole arbitrator.
This caused a commotion among the
union members, who evidently believed
that the Church was capitalistic in sen-
timent, and, because of this, the priest
would decide against them. However,
I was appointed, and after a full week's
study and comparison of figures, de-
cided in favor of the men, simply be-
cause the cost of living had indisputably
gone up. When the spokesman of the
union delivered the vote of thanks, I
said to him : "I was in justice bound to
decide in favor of the men, who based
their demand on the increased cost of
living. But suppose the cost of living
is reduced and the bosses insist upon
a reduction of wages, what are you go-
ing to do?" To which he answered:
"We will never consent to that. W'e will
keep what we have and try to get
more." These sentiments are heard
everywhere. Capitalism is selfish, and so
is Labor. The party which happened to
be in power has ever taken advantage of
its position and tried to beat the other,
and vice versa. If all the demands of
the men are to be conceded, the em-
ployer can construct and equip the fac-
tory and turn the concern over to the
men, and he is through with it. Is that
fair, is it just?

Democratization of industry is under-
stood by radicals to mean nothing less
than socialization, and it is clearly a
dangerous experiment. B.

Encouragement or Criticism?

To the Editor: —

The fairness and the encouragement
which the F. R. extends to new periodi •
cals is but one of the many notable fea-
tures in its columns. After all, every
Catholic periodical aims to further the
teachings of Christ, directly or indirect-
ly, and in so far is worthy of encour-
agement.

Not infrequently a bitter criticism in
the columns of a recognized Catholic
periodical has been the death-blow to an
enterprise which might have helped the
cause of Christ.

A Catholic periodical is a silent mis-
sionary which brings peace and comfoit
to its readers. A missionary priest
would never think of criticising the
work of a brother missionary, who per-
haps is less talented than himself, and
thereby discourage that brother mis-
sionary in his holy zeal. Why, then,
should one Catholic periodical criticise
another to such an extent as to discour-
age publication ? As co-operation is the
keynote of success in nearly all enter-
prises, why cannot co-operation be used
to encourage new Catholic periodicals ?

J. J. B.
Mikvaukee, Wis.

—If you do not bind your Review, hand
the copies to others after you have read them.

[The Fortnightly Review tries to be
benevolent in criticising its Catholic
contemporaries, yet there are occasions
when severity becomes a duty. As the
Buffalo Echo pointed out the other day,
tiie defunct Intermountain Catholic, of
Salt Lake, Utah, for instance, had no
raison d'etre because it was conducted
as a "yellow" rather than as a Catholic
journal, and, especially during the war,
sowed dissension among its readers and
showed a woeful lack of ordinary Chris-
tian decency, not to say charity. No or-
dinary flaw can neutralize the good that
even "the humblest Catholic paper does ;
but such a vitiating vice as habitual lack
of charity or tendentious sensationalism
is apt to render even the most preten-
tious Catholic paper worse than useless.
Editor. 1

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 1

G. K. C.

It is becoming- increasingly evident
that recognition and profits come to
him who panders to the modern craze
for the abnormal and bizarre. Mr. Gil-
bert K. Chesterton has turned upon the
happy expedient of attaining this end
by the means of paradoxes. This has
the advantage at least of leaving the
audience in a befuddled state. After
Mr. Chesterton, who is at present visit-
ing this country, had lectured to a
Boston audience on the "Perils of
Health" the other day, his hearers were
undecided as to the conclusion to be
drawn from what he had said. The
Transcript remarked that "it is, per-
haps, not unreasonable to assume that
it would not be safe to draw too sweep-
ing conclusions from his remarks, and
that he is not in opposition to all forms
of that activity which, on this occasion,
gave his powers of satire and ridicule
full play." The same paper quoted
from T. P. O'Connor, as "the best de-
scription of Chesterton" the following:
"He is brilliant in argument and in-
sight, but the trouble is that he does
not know anything. He is a Tremend-
ous Trifler. He is the Prime Minister
of Fairyland. He has written the best
book on Dickens of our time. His orth-
odoxy is famous, but it is heterodox
to the orthodox. He believes in mira-
cles, and therefore entrusts himself to
hansom cabs. He is your lightning ex-
cogitator and will contradict your pre-
conceived ideas on whatever subject
any lady or gentleman will be good
enough to write on a slip of paper."
After completely mystifying Boston on
the question of its public health, he put
New York into a state of coma with
absurdities, paradoxes, and a sprinkling
of truth concerning the "Ignorance of
the Educated." As reported and criti-
cized, it is hard to see just what the
audience went away with from the
lecture. Except for having had re-
called to memory Artemus Ward's
dictum that "it isn't so much people's
ignorance that does harm as it is their
knowing so many things that ain't so,"
they can have had but little intellectual
reward. Nor will Chesterton be classed

as a humorist for suggesting that
Slovene is the female of Slovak and
for provoking some mirth on the sub-
jects of the missing link and the his-
tory of prehistoric man. As Francis
Hackett remarks in the New Republic :
"With such material as this one needed
a greater sense of spontaneity than
Chesterton's slow pace permitted. His
was a conjuring trick in which one saw
the wheels go round. His natural pace,
one felt, was ever so much faster. . . .
The result was unfortunate. It was as
if each champagne bubble turned into
a soap bubble, and took a minute to
burst." It was not entirely futile, how-
ever. In commenting on Patrick
Henry's saying : "Give me liberty or
give me death," Chesterton wisely re-
marked that "if Patrick Henry could
arise from the dead, and revisit the
land of the living, and see the vast
system and social organization and
social science which now controls, he
would probably simplify his observa-
tion and say, 'Give me death.' " It is
not probable, however, that the Chest-
erton cult in America will receive an
added impetus from his visit. Compe-
tent Catholic critics, moreover, have
before this pointed out this erratic En-
glishman's philosophical weakness and
the danger in following him as a guide.

The Labor Movement

No one can predict with certainty
what will be the result of the present
campaign of the masters of industry
against labor organizations. Time
alone, however, will be sufficient to make
the uncertain certain if American labor
continues in the future as it has in the
past. This view is confirmed by a
pointed editorial in the Freeman (Vol.
II, No. 47) as follows: "Labor has had
a fine high-priced lesson. . . . We now
say, what we have repeatedly said, . . .
that as long as Brother Gompers and
his ilk are allowed to run at large, be-
fuddling the mind of labor with their
insistence upon trade-unionist issues —
hours, wages, and conditions of labor
--labor will continue to get what it has
now gotten, to get it good and hard,
and get it in the same place, /'. c., in the

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

neck. A little while ago, labor came
the nearest in its whole history to being
able absolutely to dictate its own terms
and get them ; and it stuck to standard
trade-unionist terms. Then the employ-
ers did what they can always do under
these circumstances : — they began to
create a labor surplus. Caught in the
sweep of a labor surplus, trade-union-
ism now looks like a wreck of a box-
car. Hence we should think that labor
would be ready to pry its mind off the
issues of trade-unionism and begin to
think of a way to make impossible the
creation of a labor-surplus in order
effectively to prevent a recurrence of its
present plight."

All of which applies equally to the
vast majority of Catholic sociologists
and Catholic programmes of social
reform. There is still great concern
over the ethical aspects of labor organi-
zations, hours of work, and rates of
pay. This is like putting the ambulance
at the foot of the hill and neglecting to
guard the hill itself. Questions of
wages, hours, etc.. will adjust them-
selves automatically once the wage
system is abolished and adapted guilds
established. But little is heard of this.
We are too busy justifying unionism
on the basis of Catholic teaching
regarding self-evident organizations of
laborers, whereas we should be busy
expounding and detailing the doctrine
of an equitable distribution of wealth.

To be sure, it is necessary, during a
period of transition, to obtain as much
of social justice as possible. But the
fact remains that we are, for the most
part, content to strive for measures that
can never be more than mere palliatives.
All the more because labor is obstruc-
tionist, must we lead the way to the
new order, though it require that we
fear not the word "revolutionary," nor
be unwilling to suffer the pangs of the
birth of a new era. F.

— The Christian Cynosure (Vol. 53. Xo. 10 I
prints a letter from the secretary of the Vice-
President-elect, in which it is stated that Mr.
Coolidge "is not a Mason, but holds them
[the Masons], in high esteem as a patriotic,
God-fearing association."

The Degrading Spectacle of Protestant-
ism During the War

"Never in the history of Christian-
ity/' says The Statesman (Toronto,
\ ol. IY, Xo. 2), "has there been wit-
nessed a more degrading spectacle than
that presented by the Protestant
churches of this land, in the servile sub-
jection of things spiritual to things ma-
terial, when during the war they drove
Christ from the pulpit and elevated
Caesar. Where shall men look for mod-
erating and kindly influences, in days of
terror and bloodshed, if not to the
temples erected for the worship of the
Prince of Peace? What humanizing
agency is left to mitigate the horrors of
war, if the ministry of healing and re-
. conciliation vacates the altar for the
shambles? Protestantism had a special
mission to fulfil when war broke out, in
emphasizing the spirituality of the con-
flict and in lifting the eyes of humanity
from the sordid and dehumanizing
slaughter on the battlefields to the
crowning achievement for which men
fought — the defeat of War and the
triumph of Peace. But Protestantism
was in the grip of blind leaders, who
had failed so tragically in neglecting the
only preparations for war which Chris-
tian churches can make — the spiritual-
izing of the agencies of war as the
strongest safeguard against war's bru-
talizing tendencies. Empty churches,
vulgar advertising, and, finally, a frank
abandonment of the whole position in
doctrine and morals — these are the
Dead Sea fruits that Protestantism
reaped through its ungodly alliance with
the State."

Coming from a Protestant journal,
this testimony is truly remarkable. As
a Catholic journal, the F. R. will add
that, unfortunately, in the U. S. as well
as in Canada, some Catholic priests
and bishops, too, failed to rise to the
occasion during the war, though the
grand old Church, in her chief re-
presentative, Pope Benedict XV, con-
stantly preached charity and peace.
~<fr+~-

— How about th'at new subscriber you
promised to send us last year? It is still
time to keep your promise.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 1

Regulating the Coal Industry

According to the Boston Herald's
summary of the Calder Bill for the
Regulation of the Coal Industry (see
Literary Digest, Vol. 68, No. 6), its
main provisions are as follows : "A
licensing system of all operators and
dealers in order to enforce the report-
ing of accurate figures; the authoriza-
tion of the President to fix maximum
prices, commissions, and margins over
the whole or any part of the United
States, whenever emergency threatens
cither unreasonable prices or shortage
of supply or imperils the public health;
the authorization of the President to
deal in coal and control its production,
movement, and distribution, so that the
government and not those self-inter-
ested shall operate the coal industry in
time of emergency." This proposed
piece of legislation also provides for a
tax on brokers' sales. Federal access to
all records and documents, and cessa-
tion of profiteering through subsidary
concerns. It is believed that by the use
of existing governmental agencies such
as the Federal Trade Commission, the
Interstate Commerce Commission, and
the Geological Survey, no new bureau
will be needed.

The measure, however, does strength-
en bureaucracy, State absolutism, and
State Socialism, of which sort of thing
we have already more than enough. As
soon as any business or industry be-
comes so unmanageable as to jeopard-
ize the national welfare (according to
this theory of government), the State
should interfere. In its general out-
lines it can be ethically justified, but is
it economically and politically sound ?

The coal industry is no worse than
the average big busines: ; it has been
brought to the attention of the public
forcibly because its mismanagement
caused sharp suffering to many. Must
we, then, permit ourselves to be com-
pletely bureaucratized before we realize
the fallacy of this diluted form of
autocracy? Even its beneficiaries admit
that the coal industry has broken down
completely, as every capitalistically con-
trolled business in the end necessarily

must. The final and lasting solution
lies along the lines of guild control and
ownership. Yet though this plan is
essentially Catholic in tradition and
spirit, it finds little place in a detailed
way in Catholic reconstruction program-
mes. We are still content, for the most
part, trying to bolster up Capitalism.
H. A. F.

The Efficiency Craze

It is refreshing to see the increasing
number of voices that are adding their
hew and cry against the efficiency bun-
combe that has been parading about in
scientific clothes during the past decade.
In the house organ of The Eastern
Tube and Tool Company, Brooklyn,
X. Y., "The Ettco" by name, the edi-
tor engages in a few rounds quite dis-
astrous to "Taylorism" in the January
number (Vol. I, No. 5) of this little
magazine. His sense of humor prompts
him to ask, among other questions, why
"it is possible to select 5,000 or 10,000
men, who are satisfactory supermen,
asses enough to be crazy to work in
some particular factory, wherein they
will find great joy in the fact that their
cerebrum is slanted at 23 degrees 6 min-
utes 3 seconds from their right shoulder
blade, and therefore they are able to
do 67 y> % of a job better than if
33 % % of that same job was made of
green cheese and elephant tusks."

This persiflage is not as ridiculous as
it sounds, as those with experience will
testify.

But more directly the author vainly
searches for the "correct thinking part
of Taylorism, which so blatantly and
destructively insinuates the horrible
doctrine that man is subordinate to the
machine. Do you think that the thou-
sands of sorely needed machines to be
created are for the betterment of other
machinery or for the betterment of
mankind? .... It [Taylorism] was
founded on selfishness — not for human-
ity's sake. Little near-seeing men be-
came so impregnated with the idea that
machinery was greater than the flesh
and bones contained in the overalls be-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

side it, that they clear forgot that man
built that very machinery."

Production to-day is startlingly in-
efficient. Capitalists for good reasons
will not look to their system as the first
cause but foolishly insist on making
human motions in production more
scientific. In addition such "incentives"
as premiums, bonus payments, etc., are
used. The real incentive, however, is
utterly lacking in modern industry.
Until co-partnership again exists, men
will foolishly attempt to prop our tot-
tering production system by such soul-
killing expedients as "scientific man-
agement."

A New Horace

In a slender volume"Q.Horatii Flacci
Carminum Librum Quintum a Rud-
yardo Kipling et Carolo Graves Anglice
redditum, et variorum notis adornatum
ad fidem codicum MSS. edidit Aluredus
D. Godley" (R. Blackwell; Oxford)
are presented "the newly-discovered
Odes", fifteen in number, edited by that
ripe scholar, the Public Orator of Ox-
ford.

In a Praefatio which Horace himself
would have loved for its felix curiositas,
the editor tells the story of the MSS. of
the book, mysteriously latent for so long.
It is much as we should have supposed.
Codex P is in the Grosspaniandrmnpina-
kuthek somewhere in Baden, Codex T
(XlVth Century) in the Trentunoset-
tembre Museum at Padua, and another
(W) of the same family was in the Li-
brary of Cavendish College, Cambridge
— but no one knows whither it went.
The editor was anxious to consult an
inferior MS. in the Poshworth library
at Market Poshworth; but the Master
of Poshworth rudely refused, and the
copy made by a neighboring clergyman,
the Vicar of Boosting Parva, was of
little use, for the poor man was no
scholar.

Our admiration for Horace, as the
poet of the Augustan age — or of any
Augustan age — is greatly enhanced by
his prophetic appreciation in this Fifth
Book of the life and thought of our

own day. It needed a prophet indeed
to write such lines as these: —
spes oritur melioris aevi
cum navitarum pervigilantium
curis levatis, merce domestica
pastum per infernos tumultus
Rondda feret Protheroque Flaccum.
(ix. 49-52;.
Or these: —

vineas subter nihil hie nocentes
siccus accumbes, recinesque mecum
Lloydii potare merum vetantis
iura Georgi. (xii, 45-48).

. Strangely prophetic, again, is our
Horace in Ode XIV, where he describes
the "noises" of "a mood Corybantic,"
the exact counterpart, it would seem, of
what our moderns mean by "jazz."

The Latinity of the text as presented
reflects credit on the scholarship of the
editor and his "big three." In the ap-
paratus criticus, a most valuable ad-
junct of the book, there are the usual
discrepancies between those who know,
those who think they know, and those
who know that they know.

-<&+-

Forty Years of Missionary Life

in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.

{Twenty-sixth Installment)

Chapter Xiii
THE SCHOOL QUESTION — MARIA-
STEIN CONVENT

In those days the school question and the
language question were burning topics of dis-
cussion, but regarding the parochial schools
there was not the same understanding and
union among Catholics as now. I often
wrote, while riding on trains, to Catholic
papers in defense of the Catholic schools.
I quote from an article in the New Adam
of the South, then our nearest Catholic news-
paper, in order to show how we had to fight
at that time:

'"In order not to appear a 'Cicero pro domo'
I mention that I am not a German, but that
free Switzerland is my native country, that
before coming to the United States I worked
immediately after my ordination for several
years in France — Belfort, Delle, and Grand-
villars, exclusively French communities.
Nevertheless, the calumnies against the Ger-
man clergy make my blood boil. I have,
besides an Irish and a French station, a
German mission, which I tried to American-

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 1

ize all at once, about two years ago, by
abolishing the German and introducing the
English catechism for all the children. As
I had also some Irish children in that mis-
sion, and hearing the German children con-
versing mostly in English, I thought it best
and easiest to instruct in English alone. But
in two months I found it was best to teach
the German children in German, and the
others in English, although my common
sense told me that it was harder for me. I
found out that these children, though con-
versing easily in English, were very slow to
understand the English catechism, whilst they
seemed quick to learn it in German. This
seems strange, but it is quite natural. Those
children have good Christian parents who
can speak only German. Their pious mothers
speak to them about God and the holy truths
of religion, and ever since they began to
understand, mother and father take it as a
pleasant duty upon themselves to repeat the
catechetical lessons with their children in the
evenings. But if these children bring along
an English catechism, the pious mother and
the Christian father, who do not understand
English, cannot help the priest. If such is
the case with children, it is surely quite
natural that the older people, who have emi-
grated from Germany, where they were in-
structed in their holy religion, cannot under-
stand an English sermon, although they may
be able to converse about daily affairs. There-
fore, it is a charity and a duty for the pastor
of a congregation where such people live, to
teach and to preach in German if he can do
it. If the public schools were based upon
religion, the Catholics could be satisfied with
them. In Switzerland, the Catholics are by
far in the minority, nevertheless, a great
many of the public schoo.ls are taught by
nuns and Sisters. The lay teachers, who are
regular graduates taken from the teachers'
seminaries, are also religious men. Catholics
and Protestants have their separate teachers'
seminaries. Every teacher in the Catholic
schools is required to be a practical Catholic
and to be able to teach the catechism. Every
morning he has to lead his class to Mass, and
from the church to the school, where the
class is always opened and closed with prayer.
The first lesson in the morning is always
devoted to the catechism or the Bible His-
tory. Once every week the priest has to ex-
plain the catechism. The Protestant schools
have Protestant teachers and are taught their
own religion. The public schools of Ger-
many and Austria are managed the same way.
It is not astonishing, then, that the Catholics
are satisfied with those schools. But not
only the Catholics, but also the believing
Protestants in those countries would detest
schools without religion as the surest means
to undermine religion and good morals, and
to lead to infidelity and anarchism. The
'fear of the Lord is the beginning of wis-
dom,' and mere reading, writing, and arith-
metic, as taught in our public schools, does

not make the children any better. It is not
the ignorant, but well-instiucted but godless
young men, who make the greatest crimi-
nals."

I wrote many similar articles in those days
for different Catholic newspapers, English,
German, and French, in defence of the true
religion and its institutions.

A good many intelligent and well-meaning
Catholics, even priests and bishops, did not,
however, realize the necessity of parochial
schools.

When Mother Hyacinthe, from Racine,
Wis., visited Pocahontas, in the summer of
1887, she found the country so wild and so
different from any other she had ever seen,
that she would not take the school for an-
other year. Father Gleissner and I wrote to
many convents, describing the place truth-
fully, with its isolation and poverty and ask-
ing for Sisters. There was no other Catholic
institution near Memphis. From everywhere
the answer was negative. Finally the Right
Rev. Abbot Frowin, of Conception, Mo., gave
us some encouragement. He told us of sev-
eral convents where we might get Sisters,
but in case they should all decline, he said
he would send us some. Father Gleissner
and I wrote to all the communities desig-
nated by the Abbot, but every one declined.
Xone had the courage to start a home in
such a poor, wild, and unhealthy country.
Therefore the venerable Abbot finally sent
us four Benedictine nuns from Clyde, Mo.,
to start a convent at Pocahontas, under
Mother Mary Beatrice Renggle, O.S.B., at
present jubilarian and senior of the commu-
nity of Maria Stein in Jonesboro.

On their way from Kansas City these-
Sisters met the famous Redemptorist mis-
sionary, Father Enright. He inquired where
they were going. When told that they were
going to Arkansas, he said: "Why have you
not taken coffins along with you?" The Sis-
ters arrived on December 14, 1887. Mother
Beatrice had been one of several Sisters sent
from Europe to establish the convent at
Clyde near Conception, Mo. Coming from
the mother house in Rickenbach, Switzer-
land, she learned the English language so
fast that after nine months in this country
she passed her examination as a public-
school teacher in the city of Maryville, Mo.,
at a public test, together with a number
of American candidates. W'hilst a num-
ber of the latter failed, she made a
splendid showing and received her diploma.
After that she taught in the schools of Mary-
ville and Conception. She was highly quali-
fied to take charge of our schools and to
establish a new community. With her came
Sister Mary Agnes, O.S.B., a very zealous
religious. She was an expert in embroidery
of all kinds, and had been teaching in that
capacity in several communities throughout
Switzerland and Germany.

{To be continued)

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

NOTES AND GLEANINGS a P° et t° co »i ure U P infinities unless he has

made adequate preparation for keeping them
n control when they appear."

— Chesterton's New Witness says (No. 423)
that "England to-day has no foreign policy;
she has only foreign politicians," and these,
he intimates, are demagogues and tools of
the plutocracy.

—Much of what we have lately heard in
condemnation of "secret diplomacy" is true
enough, but would be far more effective if
it were not urged by men who prefer to
work through secret societies.

— By a decree of the Holy Office, published
in the Acta Apostolicac Sedis of Dec. 17th,
Tommaso Gailarati-Scotti's Life of Antonio
Fogazzaro, of which we gave some account
in the F. R. of Sept. 1, 1920, has been placed
on the Index of Forbidden Books.

— The nativistic spirit of the American
Legion is cropping out in a number of States,
among them Arkansas, where Legion mem-
bers have had introduced into the legislature
a bill which would prevent the circulation of
all foreign-language newspapers, periodicals,
pamphlets, circulars and other printed mat-
ter (including books), unless the text is
accompanied by a translation of the contents
into English. This bill, if it became a law
and were strictly enforced, would also affect
the liturgical books of the Catholic Church,
which are in Latin, and therefore is anti-
Catholic as well as nativistic in its implica-
tions. Let us hope that common sense will
defeat this odious measure.

— President C. A. Blanchard, of Wheaton
College, who is the author of a booklet
showing that George Washington was never
in any true sense a Freemason, in the
Christian Cynosure for February review?
"The Masonic Correspondence of Washing-
ton," recently published under the auspices
of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. He
points out that these alleged Masonic letters
are not found in the authorized life and let-
ters of Washington, and that it is not at all
unlikely that they are forged. The parading
of photostatic copies, he thinks, is in itself
apt to awaken suspicion. Before these letters
can be admitted at face value, the alleged
originals must be submitted to impartial
judges, competent to pass on their authen-
ticity.

— Mr. J. M. Middleton Murray, in his "As-
pects of Literature" (London: Collins), car-
ries a Keatsian touchstone for the identifica-
tion of sham and real poetry. Amy Lowell
he finds *'a negligible poet with a tenuous
and commonplace impulse to write." Her
amorphous pieces represent the fungoid in
literature. Edgar Lee Masters' much-praised
"Spoon River Anthology" has no message
save that humor survives death. Split infini-
ties and uncontrolled infinities, says Mr.
Murray, make an American couplet and pro-
ceeds to point out how dangerous it is "for

— Le Devoir, of Montreal, is unquestion-
ably the most ably edited French journal in
Canada. Of M. Henri Bourassa, its director,
Dr. Thomas O'Hagan says in a paper on
"French-Canadian Prose Writers" in the
Catholic World (No. 670): "Henri Bourassa
is much more than a Canadian figure; he is
a continental figue. He is, too, probably one
of the best informed journalists in America,
and writes and speaks with equal facility
both French and English. He maintains a
thesis with a force of logic, at once cumula-
tive, convincing, and crushing. His style is
like to a mountain stream gathering force as
it frets the narrow channel of a valley. M.
Bourassa has published in all some twenty
books, many of them being in brochure form.
His most widely read volumes are : 'Hier,
Aujourd'hui, Demain' ; 'Que Devons-nous a
Angleterre?' "Le Canada Apostolique,' and
'Le Pape Arbitre de la Paix.' "

— Fr. Harold Purcell, C.P.. writing in the
Catholic World (No. 670) on "The Bicente-
nary of the Passionist Order," — which, by
the way, is not an order at all, but a congre-
gation, — defends the emotional style of
preaching of many present-day missionaries.
He says: "Mere intellectual preaching is
usually barren of salvific result. It generally
has all the weakness and disadvantages of
Cardinal Newman's 'smart syllogism: Mis-
sion preaching takes into account the perti-
nent fact that man is essentially an emotional
creature. In his distinctive mode of preach-
ing the missioner sets forth the tremendous
truths of eternity and addresses the whole
man. He uses the same appeal to the feel-
ings and senses that furnishes the reason for
the Church's use of symbol and ceremony."
But the Church never exaggerates, while
missionaries, unfortunately, often do and
thereby neutralize the good effects of their
preaching. The need of the age, in our
humble opinion, is less emotionalism and a
stronger appeal to the intellect.

—It is almost unbelievable that a majority
of the 600,000 school teachers of this country
are under-educated. Yet. according to in-
formation given to the National Education
Association by Mr. Joseph H. Defrees.
president of the Chamber of Commerce of
the U. S., this can hardly be questioned. One
hundred teachers, according to him, are
under 21 years of age; 30,000 have had no
schooling beyond the eighth grade; 150,000
never went farther than the third year of
high school, and four-fifths have not had
the two years of special training which is the
recognized standard in other countries. The
fetish of the American public school has
long since been uncovered, but this seems
to be another step towards irrevocable de-
gradation.

THE FORTxVIGHTLY REVIEW

March 1

Literary Briefs

— "Father Allan's Island," by Amy Murray,
is a description of the island of Eriskay
(Outer Hebrides), of its people and their
customs, especially their songs, and in partic-
ular, of its pastor and leader, Father Allan
McDonald. The pages which stand out most
clearly are those on which the writer de-
scribes this sturdy Gaelic priest hurrying
over the moors to administer the Sacra-
ments or serving the first round of Highland
whiskey at a wedding. The volume contains
a number of interesting Gaelic folk songs
set down in their ancient modes. (New York:
Harcourt, Brace & Howe).

— Dom Anscar Vonier, O.S.B., in his latest
volume, "The Christian Mind," draws a dis-
tinction between general spirituality and the
specific Christian spirituality which is based
on the practical assimilation by the mind of
the doctrine of the Incarnation. The book is
an excellent antidote for the mental disease
which leads so many Catholics to shape their
thoughts and order their lives on principles
that have no direct relationship with the cen-
tral fact of Christianity. The book is phil-
osophical rather than devotional and repays
careful study. (B. Herder Book Co.)

— A hitherto unknown poem by Christian
Friedrich Hebbel (born 1813, died 1863) was
published recently in the Hamburger Frem-
dcnblatt. Entitled "Der Thautropf" and pre-
sumably written in 1834, it symbolizes to a
degree Hebbel's entire philosophy. The dew-
drop rejoices that the sun is reflected in it;
it adds to its beauty and gives it a feeling
of exaltation. But the dewdrop is soon con-
sumed :

"Blickt ein Thautropf rein und mild;

Sonne scheint hernieder,
Und ihr wunderschones Bild

Glanzt im Tropfen wider.
Liebe Sonne, blicke du

Ewiglich hernieder !
''Tropfe, Tropfe. freust du dich,

Dass in dir die Sonne,
Dich vergoldend. spiegelt sich,

Bringt's dir sitsse Wonne?
Armer Tropfe, weine du —

Dich verzehrt die Sonne !"

— The Catholic Truth Society (London) is
continuing its good work of the apostolate
of the press. We have received from it three
new two-penny pamphlets on very timely
subjects. The first is "The Lambeth Con-
ference," a brief discussion of what "two
hundred and fifty-two Anglican Bishops
think and say upon the subject of the re-
union of Christendom." — "The Pope's Latest
Message of Peace" is the Letter of Pope
Benedict XV, of May 23, 1920. — "Woman in
the Catholic Church," by the Rev. N. F. Hall,
is the substance of a discourse preached at
Geneva, at the International Congress of
Women's Societies, June 20, J920. Two longer
pamphlets (each sixpence) are "The Road to

Damascus : The Story of an Undergraduate's
Conversion," by W. A. D., and "Answers to
a Jewish Enquirer." by the Rev. Theodore
Ratisbonne (1814-1884). Both of these pam-
phlets sufficiently indicate their scope by the
titles. All of these pamphlets are rec-
ommended as clear, summary discussions of
timely questions. (St. Louis, Mo.: B. Herder
Book Co.)

. Books Received

[The price of Father Ryder's Sermons and Notes
of Sermons, through an error of the publisher,
was wrongly stated in our Xo. 3. It is $2.25 net,
not $1.50 net.]

Die christliche Demut. Ein Biichlein fur alle Gebil-
deten von Victor Cathrein, SJ. viii & 188 pp.
12mo. Freiburg i. B. : Herder & Co.; St. Louis,
Mo.: B. Herder Book Co. $1.35 net.

Religion in School. By the Editor of "The Sower. '*
55 pp. 12mo. London: Catholic Truth Society.

The Sisters of Charity Martyred at Arras in 1794.
By Alice, Lady Lovat. 86 pp. 12mo. London:
Catholic Truth Society.

Fngland's Breach with Rome. By H. E. Cardinal
Gasquet, O.S.B. 58 pp. 16mo. London: Catholic
Truth Society.

Talks for the Little Ones. By a Religious of the
Holy Child Jesus. 196 pp. 32mo. London: Cath-
olic Truth Society.

A Batch of C. T. S. pamphlets, including A Little
Book on Purgatory, by Allan Ross, 16 pp. 32mo;
With Jesus my Friend, by a Religious of the Holy
Child Jesus, 28 pp. 32mo, and Freemasonry, by
the Rev. Herbert Thurston, S.J., 12 pp. 12mo.
All publications of the Catholic Truth Society can
be purchased through the B. Herder Book Co.,
St. Louis, Mo.

Wh\ Separate Schools? By Fr. George Thomas
Daly, C.SS.R. 23 pp. 16mo. Toronto: The Catho-
lic Truth Society of Canada. (Pamphlet).

Officium Maioris Hebdomadae a Dominica in
Palmis usque ad Sabbatum in Albis. Iuxta Ordi-
nem Breviarii, Missalis et Pontificalis Romani
cum Commemorationibus quae a Dominica Palma-
rum usque ad Dominicam in Albis Occurrere pos-
sunt. Editio IVa post Approbatam a S. R. C.,
cum Novis quoque Rubricis Breviarii ac Typica
Missalis Editione plane Concordans. 452 & 16 pp.
16mo. Turin, Italy: Pietro Marietti. 10.25 francs.

The Great Work. The Constructive Principle of
Nature in Individual Life. By TK, the Author
of "The Great Psychological Crime." 445 pp. 8vo.
New York: R. F. Fenno & Co., 16 E. 17th Str. $3.

The Apostohtc of Non-Catholics. An Address by
the Rev. B. L. Conway, C.S.P. 12 pp. 16mo.
Toronto: The Catholic Truth Society of Canada.
(Pamphlet).

Tractus Canonico-Moralis de Sacramentis iuxta
Codicem Iuris Canonici. Vol. I. De Sacramentis
in Genere, de Kaptismo, Conhrmatione et Euchar-
istia. Auctore Fel. M. Capello S.I. xxiii & 696 pp.
!2mo. Turin, Italy: Pietro Marietti. 12 francs.
(.Wrapper).

Erker's

THE RELIABLE OPTICIANS

Stereopticons and Moving Picture Machines for
Churches and Schools

608 Olive St.

511 North Grand Av.
ST. LOUIS, MO.

1921 THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW 81

NEW! A most timely and valuable contribution to the Catholic Pulpit.

A PAROCHIAL COURSE OF
DOCTRINAL INSTRUCTIONS

For All Sundays and Holydays of the Year

Based on the Catechism of the Council of Trent, and Harmonized with the
Gospels and Epistles of the Sundays and Feasts

Prepared and Arranged by the Rev. Charles J. Callan, O. P., and the Rev.

J. A. McHngh, O. P., Professors in the Theological Faculty

of Maryknoll Seminary, Ossining, N. Y.

With an Introduction by the Most Rev. Patrick J. Hayes, D.D.,
Archbishop of New York

[Complete in Four Volumes
(Vols. I and II: Dogmatic Series; Vol. III. and IV: Moral Series)

Volume I is now ready.
Vols. II, III, and IV in active preparation.

Price per volume, bound in cloth, net, $3.50

The purpose of this work is to make most available for practical use in parochial preach-
ing the Catechism of the Council ot Trent, and to assist in a practical manner in carrying
out the wish of the Fathers of the Council that its contents be so treated as to harmonize
with the Gospels and Epistles of the Sundays and Feasts throughout the year. By a care-
fully devised plan the matter is so distributed, in harmony with the liturgy, that the first
two volumes cover all dogmatic subjects in the space of one year, and the last two volumes
similarly treat all moral subjects within the limits of a second year.

In his Introduction to the work Archbishop Hayes says:

" No more timely and valuable contribution to the Catholic Pulpit could
possibly be made than the "Parochial Course of Doctrinal Instructions",
prepared by Reverend Fathers Callan and McHugh."

JOSEPH F. WAGNER (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 1,5

Catholic Art and Architecture

A revised and enlarged second edition, containing forty-eight pages of plates, plus twenty-five pages of text.
The text lays djwn solid principles on Catholic art and architecture, and the plates exemplify these principles, as

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars f» i^ - i** »» \^ i° i e " p w

SEGAR LOGIC

SEGAR leaf must be moistened to allow the leaf to he worked; otherwise it will crumble
oj p3A\o[TE aq ppioqs aanjsioui snonu-iadns aqj 'apeui si jeSas aq; -iajjy ->te3jq pue
evaporate. No segar should be smoked until at least three 'or four weeks after being made.
As the Spaniards say: "We let the leaf marry, as it were." ("Casado" is their word; a term
used in trade circles.) After the segars are thoroughly seasoned, they go into our humidors,
and are kept in just the humid condition that will retain their original aroma until they reach
the smoker. In this way he gets full value of the leaf when smoking it.

Ifin <C 1 On Sent Post Paid on Receipt of Mouev Order or N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory, rf] <T/ flf]
IUU""4> /.Oil pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mail 0U""4>4.UU

Established 1866

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

The WOLFRAM COMPANY

17 Chestnut Street
Columbus, Ohio

WOLFRAMS SANOS

50.90 per bottle $0.04 War Tax

5.00 6 bottles 0.24 "

9.50 12 bottles 0.4S '•

WOLFRAM'S CATARRH REMEDY, for Catarrh of

the Head, Nose. Throat, Play Fever, and General

Catarrhal Conditions.

$1.25 per bottle $0.05 War Tax

7,00 6 bottles 0.30

13.00 12 bottles 0.60 "

WOLFRAMS CONSTIPATION CAPSULES, for Re-
lief of Constipation. Very beneficial indirectly
in Auto-intoxication, Piles, and the more com-
mon forms of urinary disturbances.

$2.00 per box $008 War Tax

5.00 3 boxes 0.24

WOLFRAMS THROAT CHIPS, for Coughs, Tick-
ling in the Throat. Smoker's Sore Throat, for
Singers and Speakers.

$1.00 per doz. Small Boxes $0.12 War Tax
2. so per doz. Large Boxes 0.12 "
WOLFRAMS SO-MHEKA. should be used when
suffering from Gas, Indigestion, Sour Stomach
and Bloatedness.

$0.10 per Small Box $0.01 War Trx

1. 00 per Lai ge Box 004

WOLFRAMS MALTUM, to be used in place of Tea
or coffee, for assisting in getting a weak stomach
in good condition and building up the system.
$0.25 Per Package $5.00 22 packages

ST. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 6

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

March 15, 1921

"Vir Fidelis"

In Nazareth obscure, unmarked of man,
In service lowly, JOSEPH, patient, "Just,"
Paid toll of toilsome years ; content to trust

His recompense to God's mysterious plan;

Serene, he strove, as only heroes can, —
All undismayed, though scorned, or rudely

thrust
Aside, — less valued than the sordid dust,

By them that merely outward seeming scan.

Lo. from that dust, arose a lily rare
Of chastity, — and resignation calm.
And loyalty and service, wove a psalm
Harmoniously voicing JOSEPH'S prayer !
With glory crowned, acclaimed by angel-
bands,
The Faithful Sen-ant smiles, with folded
hands.

V. E. F.

Book Prices After Two Wars

Although publishers have protested
that the cost of books to the public has
not increased proportionately to other
prices since the war, the public still
feels that the rise is very considerable.
It will be a surprise, therefore, to many
to learn that the price of books has been
less affected by the world war than by
our own Civil War, whose economic
repercussions were relatively so slight.
Between 1860 and 1870, according to
figures in the Publishers' Weekly, there
■was an average increase of 80 per cent,
in the price of books.

A number of works which are still
on the publishing lists of the. same firms
provides an interesting illustration of
the comparative rise in prices after each
war. Before the Civil War Harpers
published "The Woman in White" at
$1. In 1870 that figure was doubled. In
1915 it was down to $1.25 and in 1920
it rose again to $1.75. After the Civil
War Appleton's edition of Ollendorff's
"New Spanish Method" was increased
from $1 to $2; in 1915 its price was
back again at a dollar, and in 1920 it
was raised to $1.50. In some cases the
1920 prices are exactly on their pre-
Civil War level ; in a few instances thev

are higher than ever before, but the
average increase since the World War
has been 50 per cent., as against 80 after
the Civil War.

The fall in prices after 1870 was
largely owing to the cheapening of pa-
per and the modernization of the. ma-
chinery of book production. While some
decrease in the cost of paper may be
expected to relieve the present situation
sooner or later, there can hardly be
again such a modification as was made
possible by the introduction of wood
pulp after the Civil War. Technical im-
provements in production, where manu-
facture is on a very large scale, will
also tend to reduce costs. But the public,
we fear, must resign itself to higher
prices. Even at their present cost books
are still the cheapest of our indispen-
sable luxuries.

The Catholic Press Month

It is to be hoped that the Catholic
Press Month will be as productive of
good results as the cause which it
espouses really deserves. A mere in-
crease in subscriptions will not be a
criterion.

It is true that if finances were less of
a disturbing element, some papers and
magazine could do a greater amount of
good with a better literary medium. But
it is also true that the vast majority of
Catholic newspapers and periodicals
would increase in quality by less than
an appreciable amount, no matter how
great the financial improvement might
be. A true appreciation of the nature
of a journalistic enterprise is lacking
because the guiding spirit of American
Catholic journalism is a blind sub-
serviency, than which there is nothing
more unworthy of the liberty that makes
men free. There are a few independent
publications worthy of support. Will
this be forthcoming through a campaign
conducted bv the powers that be?

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 15

Does the Parochial School Attain
Its End?

We Catholics glory in our parochial
schools, and justly so. For we are firm-
ly convinced that persistent training in
religion is an essential part of educa-
tion. We believe that good morals and
manners are dependent upon the re-
ligious sense cultivated in man from
his childhood days. We hold as a funda-
mental principle that man's destiny is
not of this world, but of the world to
come, and that his natural desire for
happiness, even on this brief journey
of life, is best subserved by following
the guidance of Christian faith. Our
chief objection against the modern
secular system is that it ignores the
claims of religion and declines the as-
sistance of its moral power.

The results of our parochial school
system for the past fifty years bear us
out in our claims. No one can be a bet-
ter judge on this matter than the Cath-
olic priest, who by his office and the
confidence of his people is kept well-
informed about the after-life of the
pupils of his school. Now, we venture
to say that very few of these, if any,
would admit any large proportion of
delinquencies in the output of their
schools. In case of any additions to the
criminal classes coming from our
schools, some secondary cause could
and would usually be given for the
failure of Christian education in this
regard. Lapses from the rule are pos-
sible everywhere. But the question,
Does the parochial school really edu-
cate? must surely be answered in the
affirmative. The large proportion of
our graduates obtaining positions of
trust in so many of our most successful
business houses so short a time after
graduation, is a proof of the confidence
our Catholic schools enjoy even among
non-Catholics.

Yet our school system has never been
given a fair trial. It is merely tolerated
under the law ; it enjoys no favor, and
often meets with blind opposition from
the public. Its support and encourage-
ment comes almost exclusively from
the practical Catholics, that is those

who practice their religion and are not
merely "just as good as other Catho-
lics."

The bad results charged against our
schools are usually owing to this second
class of Catholics, who are, strictly
speaking, not Catholics at all. Hanging
on to the Church only by their birth
and baptism, but brought up in the
spirit of the world, they entrust their
children to the secular schools, and,
after letting them be estranged from
God and His law, they send them to
the parochial school for a few months,
or perhaps a year, to be prepared for
first holy Communion. Both parents
and children were Catholics, yes ; and
the children did attend the Catholic
school, yes : but how can any sane man
expect that the tree so long bent in the
wrong direction, should have in so short
a time become perfectly straight?

I f we were to eliminate such spurious
elements from the general product of
our schools, there would be but little
to complain about. Yet how can we
account for these relatively few tares
still found among the good wheat?

The first cause is evil associations.
After school comes the work-a-day life.
Boys and, sad to say, girls also, must
go out into the world to make a living.
Here they are thrown together with all
sorts and conditions of men. Their com-
panions and their masters and mistress-
es are frequently no models of Christian
piety and morals. Irreligious talk is in-
dulged in by these seemingly upright
people with a cocksureness that must
surprise and disturb the inexperienced
minds of children. Then the corrupting
influences of shameless jokes, sugges-
tions and invitation of lacivious dress
and open immorality attack their virtue
and do all they can to erase the prin-
ciples of modesty, purity, and holiness
from the tablets of their heart.

Lastly the parental authority, con-
stantly upheld in their pliant hearts by
church and school, is assailed by the
spirit of selfishness, self-will, and re-
bellion, holding hell's riot in the world
of today. W r oe to our Catholic children,
the flower of our educational institu-
tions, if they are not deeply rooted in

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

the truths of religion, if they have not
heen saturated with the love of all
Christian virtues ! As the corruption of
what is best is the worst of its kind
("corruptio optimi pcssima") the oc-
casional fall of a pupil of the parochial
schools into one of the common vices
of the world is all the more pronounced
and shameful for the high expectations
that had been set upon him.

On the whole, our young people stand
the test very well, and the number of
very serious lapses from honesty,
chastity, and the great duties of the
Fourth Commandment are compara-
tively few, as the records of our courts
assure us. Our Catholic religious train-
ing of the children entrusted to our care
is certainly bearing good fruit.

But how does it come that many of
our Catholic parents complain so bitter-
ly of the kind of life led by their boys
and girls, their general deportment, the
Avay that girls dress and act. and the
spirit of independence and insubordina-
tion at home?

"The boys and girls of to-day seem
to be jazz mad," says one who certainly
knows what he is talking about. "The
pursuit of pleasure has become a wild
race, with all restrictions removed. Joy
rides with much promiscuous kissing
and hugging are common. Vamping is
the most popular indoor and outdoor
sport. Girls in their teens make up like
movie queens and wear clothes as short
at both extremities as the law will al-
low. Boys of 15 take girls of 12 and 13
to theatre parties. Girls of 12 give
luncheons at clubs, go to 'slumber'
parties and stay up most of the night.
Dances are mostly hugging matches
and exercise the arm and shoulders
more than the feet. Corsets are either
not donned at all or parked in dressing
rooms. Modesty and self-respect are
out-of-date. Pleasure is the end sought
and all means to gain the end are em-
ployed.'"

This wholesale indictment of the
changed moral standards of our young
people must be toned down considerably
in its bearing on Catholics. Yet they,
too, fall under the severe charge.

Mothers are, as a rule, too indulgent
towards their children, permitting and
encouraging things that must prove
hurtful. Restrictions are naturally un-
pleasant. Besides, the children are work-
ing all day, and, therefore, must have
some enjoyment in the evening, which
then naturally grows into midnight and
after. Being indulged in their ways for
a time, the children resent the father's
interference, if he should risk it on some
particular occasion. Bad example from
associates confirms the spirit of re-
bellion. "Principiis obsta," you must
resist the beginning of evil if you wish
to avoid evil results.

But the parents are often to blame,
not only for neglect, but also for posi-
tive wrong-doing. They may not realize
it, but the love of money, that great root
of evil, is often at the bottom of the
children's waywardness. A boy or girl
has finished his eighth grade in the pa-
rochial school. Father says : "Go and
get yourself a job ! you have lived at
our expense long enough; go and help
make a living. A boy or girl that cannot
earn a salary or at least good wages, is
no good." And the boy goes to some
factory, or shop, or office, the girl takes
a position as a typist, factory girl or
saleswoman. They are very proud of
being wage-earners. At first they give
all they earn to father or mother and
receive some small amount for their
own use. But they learn from others
that all their earnings should go to
themselves : they dare not ask this, but
they become dissatisfied and want to
quit work. It may be they are troubled
also in mind about the dangers sur-
rounding them in the factory or office.
They mention this to the mother per-
haps ; but the father insists that they
must work or leave the house. It may
never occur to him that he is sending
his own offspring back into a very hell
of vice and crime. He thinks only of
the weekly pay his children bring home.
He, too, had to work as a boy and make
a living ; he, too. wants to get something
cut of his children in return for what
he spent on them during the years of
their childhood. "Ah, the great'thing in
life is monev," thinks the bov or jrirl.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 15

41 My associates said so long ago, and I
now see that father and mother are of
the same opinion. They must be right.
Money is the real object in life; after
that, the things money will buy. I am
making money. I am of some conse-
quence in the family. I can make more
than the 'old man.'' Why, then, should
I submit to his old-fogy notions and
tiresome admonitions ? What I earn be-
longs to me. I will pay board to mother,
but the balance of my pay I will spend
just as I like. If father does not like it,
I can go somewhere else."

Now, who bears the main respon-
sibility for this sad state of affairs, all
too common even in Catholic families?
Certainly not the Church, nor the
school, for they insist on no point of
Christian law more frequently and more
earnestly, than on the due observance
of love, respect, and obedience towards
father and mother. The world's immoral
influence, of course, is to blame in a
measure. But the heaviest responsibility
rests upon the parents themselves, who
in their foolish avarice helped to ruin
what Church and school had so labor-
iously built up.

As to the lack of courtesy in the
rising generation, the rudeness which
in later life threatens to develop into
brutality, we again must find the main
cause in the failure of parents to en-
force the amenities of life at home. The
son or daughter who is discourteous to
members of the family, because of fa-
miliarity with them, is likely to prove
rude and overbearing to others, and
very certain to be a tyrant in the house-
hold over which he or she may be called
upon to preside.

But we have said enough, nay, per-
haps more than enough, to convince our
readers that a cooperation of Church
and State, of the school and the
family in the education of our children
and young people is necessary to over-
come the danger of a complete demoral-
ization of society, and to preserve our
Christian civilization.

(REV.) J. ROTHENSTEINER

Dangerous Fallacies

When there is no other carcass to
carve in the camps of the champions of
"law and order," the Socialist's "mate-
rialistic conception of history" is
operated upon. Devious and tortuous
is the way, but we finally arrive at the
denial of the freedom of the human will.

This is a favorite pastime of such
organizations as the A.C.L. of Wiscon-
sin, many of whose capitalistic members
are grinding out the lives of their wage
slaves in such wise as to leave them
precious little freedom. If these hypo-
critical parasites were really worried
about the security of such orthodox doc-
trines as the freedom of the will, we
would commend to their protection the
tenet of "obedience to legitimate author-
ity," which was rejected in the Pro-
testant passion for the dogma of private
interpretation and the deification of the
human intellect, whence flows the
abominable Individualism of the present
day, of which Capitalism is the eco-
nomic expression.

But for the most part these men know
little and care nothing for ethics and
religion except for those systems which
can be interpreted so as to sanction their
own nefarious wage and profit system.
The dangerous fallacy of economic de-
terminism must be exposed without
question. But let us match doctrine for
doctrine, the underlying fallacy of So-
cialism with the underlying errors of
Capitalism, both equally bad. Against
which is combat more urgent? If not
against the latter, then we declare in
effect that a pain which racks the whole
body now is as nothing to a pain that
may possibly afflict it in the future !
Is this a case of asinine ignorance or
of blind, unreasoning prejudice?

—If you do not bind your Review, hand
tht copies to others after you have read them.

— The following lines, transmitted to us
by a friend, contain more truth than poetry:
O blest is he who does not fuss
When he receives a bill from us,
Tint promptly sends us the amount
Wherewith to straigthen his account!
But doubly blest is that good friend
Who waits not till a bill we send,
But, knowing his subscription's due,
Sends in the money to renew.
What shall be said of one so kind,
Who tries another sub to find?
May he, or she, rewarded be
Forever and eternally!

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

The Appeal of Catholic Germany-
Some time ago, the Catholics of Ger-
many, especially those of the Rhine
provinces, occupied by the soldiers of
the Allied Nations, appealed to the
world against what has come to be
known as the "black shame." A mem-
ber of the English Parliament describes
these crimes by the army of blacks upon
women and children of the Rhineland
as a terror let loose upon the citizens
through a set vindictive policy of French
militarists. "They overrun Europe with
these black Africans," he writes,
"eighteen months after peace has been
declared." The most horrible facts nat-
urally remain unpublished. "An out-
sider," he writes, "would be tempted
to mark them as an invention too hor-
rible to exist, if we but attempted to re-
late them."

"Sexually, the African troops are un-
controllable. Reports are accumulating,
where poor victims are overpowered,
some in a most dreadful manner; of
young girls, who come home from work
upon the fields, or poor factory girls,
who are seized on the streets in the dark.
Young girls from towns and villages
have disappeared and corpses of young
women found secreted." He concludes :
"After all, there is no greater duty that
womanhood could have, than that called
for in a case of this kind, which touches
woman's sensitive instincts for shame
and decency, which the war was unable
to destroy among the white people."
Our American press is not giving any
publicity to these horrible facts, as it
did to the so-called Hun "atrocities" in
Belgium and France.

What can be more horrible than to
even think of conditions as described
above by a member of the English Par-
liament, and to realize that it is our
co-religionists, members of the Catholic
Church, who must suffer such horrible
bestiality?

Another letter appealing directly to
the Catholics of the United States, was
sent by the Hierarchy of Germany to
the Hierarchy of the United States. In
this appeal the German Bisops, after ex-
pressing their gratitude for the charity

and kindness shown by the Catholics
of the United States towards their
brethren in Germany, lay before us the
true story of the awful conditions that
hamper the work of the Church in their
unhappy country. They speak first of
the children, and tell us that "little ones
of six and seven years are often found
not to have reached the normal size of
children of two and a half years, and
are just learning to stand alone. The
tragic appeal in their voices and their
searching eyes looking into our hearts,
say, 'Help us or we perish.' " It is
starvation or tuberculosis with these
children, unless food is sent there at
once. Eight hundred thousand German
mothers have died of slow starvation,
many dying in an effort to save their
children. The mothers who are left are
trying hard to obtain the necessaries
of life for their children.

The Bishops' description of the con-
dition of the clergy and nuns upon
whom the perpetuation of the Church
in Germany depends, is truly heart-
rending. "The salary of many priests
is insufficient to purchase even the most
necessary food and clothing. The nuns
are on the verge of exhaustion. We
must save the nuns or more children
will be sacrificed." Many once flourish-
ing Catholic institutions, charitable and
educational, must soon close down, un-
less substantial aid is forthcoming. They
also tell us "of the strong and terrible
influences from abroad that are bent
on disrupting Catholic life and sub-
verting the foundations of Christian
civilization. They come when thousands
are in despair and are ready to listen
to new and untried doctrines and aban-
on the old firm principles of Christiani-
ty." The Catholic Church is needed in
Germany more than ever, not only for
the sake of that country, but for the
sake of the world, to stand against the
forces of destruction and disorder.

The Bishops close their appeal in
these words : "Your charity has already
made you beloved; a continuation of it
until we are once more able to be gen-
erous ourselves, will keep you forever
enshrined in the hearts of our people."

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 15

The Church in this country owes much
to the zealous and apostolic German
missionaries of years past. The German
Catholic coming to our shores, brought
with him a faith strong and virile, and if
the Catholic Church in this country is
a power for good, no one can be given
more credit than the German Catholics
who came to us well instructed in the
faith. It is Catholic Germany that we
must thank for our parochial school
system, a system that has made the
Church in Germany and in this country
a power to be reckoned with. Let us
answer the appeal of the Hierarchy of
Germany in a substantial way and thus
repay, in her hour of need, the debt
the Church in this country owes to the
Church in Germany.

(Rev.) F. J. Kelly

Psycho-Analysis and Dreams
It is perfectly true that sex plays a
great part in life. But in normal sane
life there are many other interests, and
most psychologists from the first re-
volted from the Freud-Jung conception
that every dream has a sexual basis,
as a theory that was demonstrably false,
and indeed absurd. When a man hap-
pens to dream about a conversation with
his broker or his banker, for example,
it is ludricrous to pretend that some sup-
pressed sexual emotion is the cause of
his nightmare. It may be lobster, or it
may be the excess profit tax ; it is cer-
tainly not sex.

These considerations, which after all
are merely common-sense, would seem
to have appealed to the originators of
psycho-analysis. Freud admits that other
than sexual instincts exist, but savs
that only the sexual instinct has been
explored. Jung recognizes that sex is
not everything, and substitutes vital im-
pulse — which is pretty safe, seeing that
it must necessarily include sex and
everything else. Brill, another leader of
the school, interprets dreams as an un-
conscious manifestation of a "desire for
power." which is probably nearer the
mark than either of his colleagues have
yet reached.

But it is becoming evident that no
single formula will cover the whole in-

terpretation of dreams. There are
dreams which are in no sense either
sexual or manifestations of a desire
for power — dreams which are the recol-
lection of past years, for instance. A
man of fifty will dream that he is a
schoolboy being thrashed by the teacher ;
another man of the same age, who holds
a perfectly safe position in the world,
wakes up sweating, because he has
dreamed once again that he is a junior
clerk on five dollars a week, sacked
without notice for some office delin-
quency. These things are merely re-
membered terrors which have made a
deep impression on the mind.

The modifications of the new doc-
trine, especially that of Brill, bring
psycho-analysis into line with current
psychological thought. Its exponents
have added a new weapon to our ar-
mory of the mind, but like most in-
novators, they have imagined that it is
the only weapon in the arsenal. Purged
of that error by criticism and ex-
perience, psycho-analysis will take its
proper place in medical practice and
psychological study, and add to our
knowledge of the personality.

But at present it is not purged. There
lies before us the record of the thoughts
of a young girl ( "A Young Girl's
Diary," Allen and Unwin) ; its interest
— as the publishers recognize by restrict-
ing its sale to members of the educa-
tional, medical, and legal professions —
is purely pathological. The child whom
it depicts appears to be physically pre-
cocious, but mentally rather backward ;
she can hardly be taken as a quite nor-
mal case of development. Yet the book
is prefaced by Professor Freud with the
remark that "This diary is a gem. Never
before. I believe, has anything been
written enabling us to see so clearly
into the soul of a young girl during the
years of puberal development." As a
matter of fact, the diary is nothing but
a record of her physical awakening, —
often insipid, frequently absurd, and oc-
casionally beastly. And we are afraid
that, until psycho-analysis gets past
these rather elementary conceptions or
misconceptions of its function, it will
not attain its proper rank among the
sciences.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Wells-Chesterton-Belloc

By means of a rapidly increasing list
of publications, this English literary
triad has succeeded in attracting much
attention. Their books exhibit a certain
unconventionally that appeals to the
reading public. Men buy them with
avidity, rapidly scan them, and laud
them with indiscriminate praise. Is the
vogue they enjoy merely a passing fad,
or is it based on real worth, on the in-
trinsic merit of their work? A careful
perusal of their literary output compels
the verdict that little if anything of it
is destined to, or deserves to last.

Apparently these authors write large-
ly for the pleasure to be derived from
indulging in intellectual gymnastics that
are clever exhibitions of bewildering
paradox and inconclusive argument.
With almost nothing to say, they yet
say it in a manner to compel notice.
Many a reader enjoys being jolted just
a little in his accepted habits of thought,
as long as it is not done too crudely,
but with a bare intimation of the riskv
to give it zest. The charm of novelty
is irresistible with those who take bald,
striking assertion for apodictic proof.

Of the three Chesterton knows least
where he stands. He revels in mild scep-
ticism and makes the most of a position
that enables him to direct the shafts of
his satire at the unbeliever, without
subjecting his own mind and life to the
profession and practice of any positive
creed.

Wells stands at the opposite pole. He
is a thorough-going atheist, proud of
his unbelief; rejoicing in it, and spread-
ing his negative gospel with an easy
superciliousness, a disregard of logic
and truth, that are perhaps more amaz-
ing and amusing than dangerous in
themselves or harmful to others. His
"Outlines of History" is pur e romance.
It leaves the impression that it was
written to display his skill in handling
a time-worn theme as a new-fashioned
novel. It appears to have been dashed
off at one sitting in the first glow of
the clever trick he was about to per-
petrate on a public that likes to be
fooled much of the time. Onlv shallow

minds beyond redemption are likely to
be deceived by the antics of this serio-
comic stylist.

Belloc is a staunch believer, but al-
most as much of a romancer as Chester-
ton and Wells. He writes "for effect."
His latest production, the much-herald-
ed book, "Europe and the Faith," is not
the work of a serious-minded historian.
It is best understood when read against
the background of the literary dilletant-
ism that gave rise to it. Sober history
is an impartial record of facts. Any per-
sonal interpretation of it may be a strik-
ing tour de force, but it carries convic-
tion neither to the Catholic nor to the
unbelieving mind. One is tempted to
conclude that Belloc is popular because
he is superficial. Aphorisms like his
favorite "Europe is the faith" have not
even the merit of being enigmatical,
they are too obviously meaningless, and
must be so to the blindest admirer.

The literary skill of all three writers,
while not of the highest order, is un-
deniable. That Wells, the materialist,
should prostitute his talents, is not
surprising. That Chesterton should be
so reluctant to draw the unavoidable
conclusions from his premises, and join
the Catholic Church, is disconcerting.
That Belloc should win temporary rec-
ognition for his nebulous views, is
quite in accord with the spirit of the
age : the world is too hurried to stop,
examine, and weigh according to stand-
ard values. All three enjoy mushroom
reputations based on somewhat sensa-
tional performances of doubtful worth.
They excel in giving expression to fleet-
ing moods of fancy, and shine with the
brilliance of a falling meteor or a pass-
ing comet.

(Rev.) T. B. Culemans
Moline, III.

— «~~»

— ''The ear of the public is glued to the
megaphone of a servile press: how shall we
let the public know the truth?" is the despair-
ing cry of one of the few independent
journals left in England. It is re-echoed by
right-thinking and clear-eyed men in all
countries, who cannot believe that if the
people knew the truth, they would tolerate
the. doings of the wretches who misgovern
them. The situation seems helpless and hope-
less.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 15

The Socialization of the School

In an introductory note to the Bulle-
tin already cited, Mr. Clayton, United
States Commissioner of Education,
states facts which apply to the parochial
as well as to the public school. "Until
within the last few years public school-
houses in American cities and towns
were open only for the regular school
work and for the children of legal
school age. For this purpose they were
open only from 5 to 7 hours a day for
from 150 to 190 days in the year, a
total of not more than 1,400 hours a
year, and were closed to all use through
the remainder of the 8,760 hours of the
year. Public school funds were used
only for the regular school work. Only
occasionally evening classes for older
boys and girls and for men and women
were found, and sometimes school-
rooms were used for public debates
and for meetings of literary societies
composed chiefly of older boys and girls
of the school. Except for the very few
who went to college, education was sup-
posed to stop with childhood and the
total or partial completion of the pre-
scribed work of the elementary schools,
or, at most, with the years of early
adolescence and the work of the high
school. The public schools had no
further concern for them. But since the
beginning of the present century there
has been a growing interest in public
school extension, and for a fuller use of
the public school plant."

A definition of "socialization of the
school" will help us to see the bearing
cf these remarks on the work of our
schools. By the phrase is meant the use
of the schools for activities and inter-
ests other than those of the ordinary
school work, for which they have been
used almost alone in the past, and to
promote their use for educative, social,
civic, and recreative occasions after
class hours. This extension of public
education is based on the assumption
that every work of improvement for the
benefit of the many is educational and
thus comes within the province of the
school.

Thus, if the lectures for the public
are given in the school-buildings, this
shows that "new canals have been dug
to facilitate commerce in the world's
store of knowledge." If parent-teacher
gatherings are held in the class-rooms,
it is inferred that "society is getting
team-work between the home and the
school." When the school-house is used
for political rallies and voting (as has
been done in some cities) enthusiasts
say that "the very seat of democracy is
being transferred from the back hall
and the barber shop to more suitable
quarters." When the school-halls are
flung open to boys and girls for play,
the school-extension advocate is heard
to say that "childhood is beginning to
receive intelligent consideration." When
youths and maidens are invited to meet
in school-halls and gymnasiums, there
is rejoicing that "instincts of racial im-
portance are being cherished, instead of
exploited."

These comments show that the move-
ment of turning the schools over to the
use of the public has found much favor.
Mr. Clarence A. Perry, author of the
Bulletin on "The Extension of Public
Education," says that these extended
activities of the school indicate "a vast
ground swell of social effort ; they meas-
ure the sweep of a deliberate, co-opera-
tive reaching-out for a finer and richer
human life."

Before mentioning in detail some of
the activities which are now actually
carried on in schools, it will be worth
while to point out once more the ex-
treme limits to which the movement of
"socialization" may be extended. In the
chapter on- Recent Progress in Educa-
tional Administration (Report of the
Commissioner of Education, 1914) we
read: "The scope of public education
has been enlarged, not simply in terms
of a greater variety of opportunity af-
forded by schools organized for differ-
ent groups in the population, but also by
reason of the fact that education has
come to be thought of as having to do
with the physical welfare, with the
moral and social training, and with
preparation for vocation, as well as
with intellectual growth or develop-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

nient. Responsibilities once centred in
the home, the church or the community
activity outside of schools, are now
turned over to and accepted by the
school. It has been but a step from the
introduction of medical inspection to
provision for medical and dental treat-
ment in connection with public educa-
tion. The older type of school building
and equipment was frequently charged
with a responsibilty for many of the ills
developing in childhood. Our modern
school plants seek to provide opportuni-
ties for play and for correct physical
exercises through the gymnasium and
through supervised play on the school
grounds. The feeding of school children
who are hungry, provision for proper
clothing, and even -pensions for families
who are compelled to send their children
to school rather than enjoy an income
from their labor, are coming to be ac-
cepted as corollaries of compulsory edu-
cation and of our belief in the necessity
for physical education.''

This candid admission that the public
school is ready to assume "responsibili-
ties" that belong to the home is in full
harmony with a resolution of the De-
partment of Superintendence of the
National Education Association. Ac-
cording to that resolution it is de-
sirable "to bring popular recreations,
social and civil activities within the
jurisdiction of the school authorities."
How anyone can fail to note the finger
of Paternalism in these two statements
it is hard to see.

(Rev.) Albert Muntsch, S.J.

The Degradation of the Theatre
If the degradation of the theatre con-
tinues, that institution may soon go the
way of the liquor saloon, i. e., be abol-
ished by law. Mr. William Archer, the
distinguished British dramatic critic,
who is at present visiting this country,
contributes to the N. Y. Evening Post
(Feb. 25) an article in which he makes
these significant remarks :

"The American public not only toler-
ates but flocks to witness and applaud
entertainments which are indefensible,

outrages, I will not say upon morality,
but upon decent citizenship of any sort.
. . . Whatever its origin, this acqui-
escence in unscrupulous baseness is a
very grave danger. It plays into the
hands of Puritanism and enormously
strengthens the case for Blue Laws of
every sort. If the theatrical public
suffers the liberty of the stage to be
abused it must be prepared to see it
abolished. There will always be ques-
tions as to what is and what is not de-
cency, but there are also cases in which
no such question arises — in which the
purpose of indecency is flagrant and
undisguised. Such enterprises conflict
with common sense and public policy,
and no civilized community can afford
to wink at them."

The "blue law" movement arises
from real abuses, and that is what
makes it so strong.

Liddell and Scott

The long needed revision of that
famous Greek-English lexicon, "Liddell
and Scott," is now approaching its final
stage, and the Oxford University Press
hope at an early date to offer the new
edition to subscribers in ten parts of
about 200 pages each. £20,000 is being
spent on the work, and space has been
economized, so that it will not be much
bigger than before.

Allusions to this great dictionary and
its unconscious humor are numerous.
The most famous, however, is part of
the tradition of Westminster School. It
was, we have heard, on an epigram day
during Liddell's headmastership that
one of the boys handed up the follow-
ing: — -
"Two men wrote a lexicon, Liddell

and Scott,
Some of it was clever, some of it was

not.
Now hear all ye people, and rede me

this riddle —
How the wrong part wrote Scott and
. the right part wrote Liddell."
The author has never, so far as we
know, been identified, and there are al-
most as many versions of the epigram
as there are "old boys."

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 15

A Society of St. Louis Authors

Since March 2nd St. Louis has what
it should have had long ago, namely, a
Society of Authors. The Society was
permanently organized on that day, and
its founder. Dr. Alexander N. DeMenil,
chosen first president.

Among the objects of the new Society
are : encouragement of authorship, mu-
tual help, and hospitality to visiting
writers of note. The sole condition of
membership is that one have written a
book or be "a writer of present distinc-
tion." The membership is limited to
thirty.

We are glad to be able to report that
the Catholic portion of the community,
which has more than its quota of dis-
tinguished writers, is represented in the
Society of St. Louis Authors by two
priests, the Revs. Martin S. Brennan
and John E. Rothensteiner (the latter
an occasional contributor to the F. R.),
and several laymen and women, among
them the Editor of this journal, who
will be glad to give any additional in-
formation that may be desired by those
interested in the movement.

Honoring Albert Pike

A kind friend sends us a copy of the
Nebraska State Journal of Feb. 23rd.
containing a report of the unveiling of
a bronze bust of the late General Albert
Pike in the Scottish Rite Cathedral at
Lincoln, Neb., on Feb. 22nd. The bust
was presented to the Consistorv bv "the
Albert Pike Class of S. R. Masonry
initiated in the fall of 1919." Mr. H. H.
Wilson, Past Grand Master for Ne-
braska, according to the State Journal.
"paid eloquent tribute to the man who
was for so many years the head of
Scottish Rite Masonry in this jurisdic-
tion, the author of its ritiual, and the
author of thirty volumes of Masonic
literature."

Those who have followed the con-
troversy provoked by our "Study in
American Freemasonry" will remember
the constantly repeated assertion of Ma-
sonic critics that Pike is a back number
and his books no longer have any in-
fluence at the present day. If this be so.

why is the man so highly honored and
why is his Masonic ritual, first published
in 1860, still used in the Masonic lodges
of the Southern Jurisdiction of the A.
and A. S. R., as the State Journal's re-
port, which was evidently written by an
initiate, once again assures us?
— <$~~

A Book About Editorials

"The Editorial : A Study in Effective-
ness of Writing," by Leon Nelson
Flint, Professor of Journalism in the
University of Kansas (Appleton), pre-
sents an analysis of scores of so-called
editorials in prominent American news-
papers. Wide column and narrow, large
type and small, short sentences and long,
emphasis by rhetorical exaggeration
and ironical understatement — all the
tricks, methods, and mannerisms by
which editorial writers try to make their
articles effective, are here dissected, col-
lated, compared, classified, labelled. It
is an exhaustive and quite intelligent
setting forth of American editorial style
and, to some extent, of editorial achieve-
ment and influence. Any newspaper
man, cub or veteran, can learn some-
thing from it.

Yet, as a learned critic in the N.
Y. Post observes, one turns from this
book with something of the feeling that
one might have after studying a case of
cleverly mounted skeletons of birds in
an effort to learn to fly. "So this is an
editorial. Ah, yes ! Printed in ten-point,
double column on the last page. One
would feel like that. Careful analysis
of something that defies analysis. How
do these editor fellows get and hold —
or lose — their readers? Why does the
man on the street read some editorials
and not others ? This book talks around
that subject, but does not — perhaps be-
cause no book could — answer the ques-
tion."

You can pull to pieces a mountain
laurel blossom or a skunk cabbage (if
you are thinking of wicked editorials)
and reduce it to units of structure, or
even to hydrogen, carbon, and coloring
matter ; but you will not thereby find out
the reason for its effect upon you. You
might dissect the larynx of Demos-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

thenes or parse Lincoln's Gettysburg ad-
dress ; it would not show you why or
how either touched the hearts of men.
About the essential thing that makes
an editorial effective, regardless of
literary form or typographical style,
Mr. Flint's book, excellent as it is in
many ways, leaves you as wise as when
you began.

A grizzled old editor with mighty
powers of his own once gave to a be-
ginner this short but comprehensive
recipe :

"First, have something to say and
know what you are talking about. Sec-
ond, say it, as simply and directly at you
can. Third, quit."

~<»«~.

Forty Years of Missionary Life
in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.
(Tzventy-seventh Installment)

Sister Mary Agnes. O.S.B., also excelled
in drawing and painting. She had formerly
heen mistress of novices. With them were
two younger Sisters, Mary Walburga and
Mary Francis. Their advent inaugurated a
new era for the Catholics of northwestern
Arkansas. These Sisters were ready and
willing to make any sacrifice in the interest
of religion. They were accustomed to pov-
erty. The poor log-house that received them
and the want of all modern improvements
did not deter them. With a strong will and
absolute trust in God they began to work.
The Benedictine motto "Ora ct labora" (Pray
and work) was illustrated in their busy life
from morning till evening.

Soon after the Sisters came to Pocahontas,
Father Gleissner received permission from
the Bishop to visit Bavaria, to see his family.
So he left Pocahontas, followed by the good
wishes of the Catholics in our district.

The Benedictine Sisters began with a heroic
spirit of sacrifice to assist the priest in his
missionary work. They taught school; they
instructed in religion ; they attended to all
the work of the sacristy, and from this time
on the church was always nicely decorated.
Every feast-day would bring a new surprise
for the faithful in the house of God. True
to their traditions, nothing was dearer to
them than the special work of God in the
church, about the altar, and especially the
Holy Eucharist. Whenever they found time,
they all worked in the large garden adjacent
to their house, and in a short time the flow-
ers and plants about the convent gave it a
delightful aspect.

During the absence of Father Gleissner I
was once more left alone to do the mission-

ary work in northeastern Arkansas. I had
to visit Paragould, Peach Orchard, Imboden,
and other places. This forced me to frequent
shorter or longer absences from Pocahontas.
For Sisters coming from a convent of Per-
petual Adoration, accustomed to daily com-
munion and the most beautiful daily services
in church, the absence of the prjest was a far
greater trial and sacrifice than that involved
in poverty and hard work. But with great
resignation and contentment the Sisters made
also this sacrifice, hoping and trusting in the
Lord for better times. They recited the
rosary and often held devotions for the
whole congregation, especially on the Sun-
days and holydays when I was absent. In
those days it was easy to make a devotion
attractive. Almost all the people, coming
from different sections of Germany and
Austria, could sing the same hymns and the
same masses in the German language. It was
elevating to hear the whole congregation
sing together. My congregation in Poca-
hontas at that time was far superior in con-
gregational singing to any Protestant church
in town.

However, this has changed altogether, for
many reasons. The German hymns, with
their simple melodies and short measures,
have disappeared, and the English hymns do
not rill their place. Most of them are too
complicated and too long, and congregational
singing is almost a thing of the past.

During the week before Septuagesima,
1888, Father Gleissner returned from Europe
and took charge of the parish in Pocahontas,
whilst I went to Jonesboro, to make that
place a new center of Catholic activity. On
the 4th of January, 1888, I said the first Mass
that ever was celebrated in the new church
of St. John, at Engelberg now Debow Post
Office. Ark. On the 5th of February the first
high Mass was celebrated in that church by
Father Gleissner. It was on the occasion of
the first wedding held in the church. An-
thony Houseman was married that day to
Josephine Jerger. I preached and performed
the marriage ceremony.

My little congregation at Jonesboro gave
me great joy.. Though few in number, the
parishioners showed great zeal. These were
the golden days of Catholicity at that place.
On the 28th of May, that year, I baptized
thirteen persons in the small church, amongst
them one who had been a Lutheran, a few
who had been Methodists, and others with-
out any specific religious belief. Besides
Jonesboro, I attended also different places
along the Cotton Belt and the Kansas City
railroads. One Sunday every month I cele-
brated Mass in Peach Orchard and another
Sunday in Paragould. In Peach Orchard
there was a small church. The present
church for the Catholics of that neighbor-
hood is in Knoble, a railroad junction four
miles north of Peach Orchard. In Paragould
I said Mass in private houses, sometimes at

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 15

Henry Wrape's at other times at Nicholas
Staudt's or Philip Weber's. Meanwhile I
tried to get the means to build a school in
Jonesboro. This was quite an undertaking.
There were but few families and very few
Catholic children, but I was hopeful never-
theless.

Time and again I explained in the little
church that now was the time to invite Cath-
olics to come as settlers and advised those
who were in Jonesboro to buy property.
Lots that now sell for $1000 or more, could
then be bought for $25. I admonished my
people to go into debt for property and
thus to tie themselves to the place. In that
way they would share in its future prosperity
and would not need to be hod-carriers and
track-walkers all their lives. But only a few
shewed faith in Jonesboro's future by buy-
ing property.

I collected dollar after dollar for the
school without getting any substantial help,
until one day a Mrs. Finnigan brought me
$400 on condition that the house should be-
long to the Sisters of Pocahontas. David
Dupue, a splendid carpenter, offered all his
work free for the building, and the leading
ladies, Mrs. E. McCabe, Mrs. Mary Teall,
and Mrs. Kate Higgins, contributed consid-
erably by holding festivals and entertainments
to provide the necessary funds. To raise
two thousand dollars in those days was far
more difficult than to raise twenty thousand
in the same place now. The town then was
small (the census of 1880 gave it but a few
hundred), and the people were mostly poor.
A man who had five thousand dollars was
considered wealthy.

The priest was obliged to watch the pay-
car of the railroad. If he was in time for
that car, the men gladly gave him a dollar,
but if he came a few days later, the grocery,
and perhaps the saloon, had absorbed all
their money. The Cotton Belt R. R. was
then in straitened circumstances. At one time
it did not pay its employees for six months.
The section houses finally got no more credit
from the grocers, and the situation became
desperate. The Cotton Belt was very gen-
erous with passes, but the boarding houses
could not live on passes. The section house
keepers as a rule were remarkable for pa-
tience, and traveled in every direction to
find a place where they could get provisions
on credit. The poor merchants in the small
towns could not afford to do this, but a num-
ber of merchants in Pine Bluff gave credit,
though naturally at a high rate of interest.
These were prosperous days for the gentle-
men from Jerusalem and Samaria who had
courage enough to take risks.

Striking was not known or so generally
practised in those days as now, and it is
rather a wonder to me how the poor people
could hold out six months without money
and continue to work for the railroad. But
we lived through all these trials and, in spite

of all, I got money enough to build the
school, a two story frame building with
basement, veneered with brick. It burned
down, together with the church, in 1896.

On June 24, 1888, Bishop Fitzgerald visited
Pocahontas to give confirmation and to dedi-
cate the convent of the Benedictine Sisters.
The convent was called Maria-Stein, in honor
of the famous shrine and the Benedictine
Abbey of Maria-Stein, in Switzerland, and
because it was built upon a rocky hill. There
is no rock to be seen the whole way from
Memphis, Tcnn. until you come to the bluffs
of the Black River.

Father Gleissner declared to the Bishop
on that occasion that he felt unable to carry
the burden as pastor of Pocahontas any
longer, and asked that his Lordship send me
back there. For that reason I had to return
as pastor to Pocahontas, where Fr. Gleissner
assisted me again, as formerly, in attending
the msisions of Jonesboro, Paragould, Wal-
nut Ridge, and the other railroad stations.
On the following day, June 25. 1888, the neat
little church of St. George at Imboden was
dedicated by Bishop Fitzgerald. There were
seven Catholic families living in the neigh-
borhood of the church. They were all re-
lated, brothers and sisters, and on account
of family troubles all sold their farms and
moved away. They were well enough satis-
fied with the country but could not agree
among themselves. A Mr. Sloan had given
the lot for the church, but had never turned
over the deed. The Catholics having moved
away, there were no services in the church
for a time, and Mr. Sloan peimitted a cer-
tain Mr. Carter to move into the building.
He converted it into a dwelling. I asked
Bishop Fitzgerald what I should do about it,
and his answer was, nothing. If the people
of Imboden cared for the Catholics or a
Catholic congregation, they would take it
upon themselves to defend our rights, and
if not, it was best to drop the matter.

On June 26th the Bishop gave confirmation
at Jonesboro, where he praised the young
congregation for their zeal and energy, and
expressed hopes for the future of the parish.
Father Gleissner worked hard and zealously
until late in the fall of 1888, when he ob-
tained permission to leave the diocese and
returned to Bavaria, on account of some mis-
fortune that had befallen his family. He
was received into the diocese of Ratisbon,
where he is still working in the Lord's vine-
yard. Thus I was once more left alone in
Northeast Arkansas.

{To be continued)

— The more important rubrical changes
and text variations in the new Missal have
been handily summarized for the busy priest
in a leaflet composed by Father F. G. Hol-
weck, which is distributed by Messrs. Ben-
ziger Brothers in connection with their new
Missale Romanum.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

—The Nation discourses on "Pittsburgh's
Prostituted Press." But why pick on Pitts-
burgh? Is not the daily press prostituted
everywhere?

— A short way is to be taken with those
tiresome place-names which are difficult for
English and other tongues to get round. The
Geographical Journal states that a British
official system has just been completed for
the phonetic spelling of the names of places
in thirty-two foreign countries. It does not
look on the face of the matter, however, as
if the geographically inclined will thus be
able to obtain much relief. For instance,
Lodz, which figures as a place on the maps,
will no longer be found if sought for; in its
place will be the hieroglyphic " Wudsh" !

— "The Irish Problem," writes the London
New Witness, edited by Gilbert K. Chester-
ton. (No. 430), "is killing us — not our bodies,
which die daily, but our souls, the soul of
England, the souls of Englishmen. Continu-
ally are infamies perpetrated in Ireland to-
day which, when the like were done by Ger-
mans in Belgium, excited our horror. Now
we rub our hands and cry : 'That's the stuff
to give them !' or 'Shooting men for carrying
arms! Good! Now just hear them squeal!'
Oh yes, they squeal; and the squeal is a cry
to Heaven for God's vengeance on murder."

— The best and strongest arrangement ever
published for the supernatural character of
the charismata and visions of Ven. Ann
Catherine Emmerich is Dr. J. Niessen's "A.
K. Emmerichs Charismen und Gesichte.
Grundsatzliches, Tatsachliches, Kritisches.
Zugleich Beitrage zur Clemens-Brentano-
Frage," published by the Petrus-Verlag, of
Treves, in 1918. Unfortunately, the volume
is already out of print, but we hope a new
edition will soon be provided. The case of
Ven. Ann Catherine is well worth defending,
and Dr. Niessen defends it with great skill.

— A correspondent of the Daily American
Tribune (Jan. 31), in a eulogy of the B.P.O.
Elks, says : "I cannot understand why such
opposition to the Elks, when many of the
officers of the subordinate lodges throughout
this country are Knights of Columbus, and
also some of the Grand Lodge officers. I
have visited cities where the Grand Knight
of the K. of C. was the Exalted Ruler of
the Elks Lodge;" — which is unfortunately
true, but does not prove that the Elks are all
right, but rather that there is something
wrong with the K. of C, who have been
aptly called "Catholic Elks."

— The January number of the Chapbook
contains a note by Robert Bridges on the
subject of a sonnet published by him in the
London Times of November 4, 1918, im-
plying that ill-treatment of prisoners was a
part of the Prussian war policy. Mr. Bridges
states that, after reading "Comrades in

Captivity" and other narratives by prisoners
of war in Germany, he has become convinced
that cases of brutal treatment were ex-
ceptional and attributable entirely to the
character of particular prison-camp com-
mandants. He therefore retracts his words
and expresses his sorrow at having written
them.

— In the current Edinburgh Review (No.
475), Dr. Arthur Shadwell continues and
concludes a searching criticism of the Marx-
ian theory of "Capitalism," pointing out that
in the evolution of industry events have
proved Sismondi a truer prophet than Marx.
"The whole theory of class conflicts is, in
truth, at fault. The simple conception of
capitalist versus workman, or 'bourgeoisie'
versus 'proletariate,' on which the whole
Marxian structure is raised, never fitted the
facts any more than the conception of feudal
lords versus bourgeoisie, which is supposed
to have preceded it, fitted medieval society.
There were then many classes, and their re-
lations, alliances, and conflicts were continu-
ally changing, and so it is now."

- — A peculiar game is carried on annually
by Congress on one side and the government
departments on the other, over department
estimates. Both parties are, strange to say,
victorious. This is how the game is played.
Knowing that Congress will cut down their
estimates, the departments ask for much
greater appropriations than are needed. Then
Congress proceeds to reduce the estimates,
as usual. As usual, also, the departments get
practically what they want, and Congress
gets credit for watchfulness and courage.
Thus both sides win, but the credulous pub-
lic has the wool pulled over its eyes. This
is a yearly farce that should no longer be
repeated.

—The freeman (No. 49) gives editorial
space to the following: "Most of our readers
are aware that during the war the Constitu-
tion of the United States and the Declaration
of Independence were under ban of the law;
that is to say, persons who circulated re-
prints from these documents were brought
before the courts and convicted of seditious
conduct. This seemed rather remarkable, but
an even more remarkable fact has now come
to light. The Association to Abolish War is
reprinting and circulating the Sermon on the
Mount, in a four page leaflet. This is headed
by the caption 'Now It Can Be Printed';
and an explanatory note is added, stating
that late in 1917, a member of the Associa-
tion proposed to print the Sermon on the
Mount, without note or comment, for free
distribution. The Secretary of the Associa-
tion, Mr. Wilbur K. Thomas, was officially
informed that such a procedure would be re-
garded as 'pro-German'. How is that for
high?" Surely those who followed the general
war hysteria arc already being filled with
shame and remorse at conduct so utterly
foolish and disgustingly servile.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

March 15

Literary Briefs

— A splendid souvenir has been issued by
the Rev. George A. Metzger to commemorate
the golden jubilee of St. Catherine's Hospi-
tal, Brooklyn, N. Y., which was established
for the sick poor of Holy Trinity parish by
the late Msgr. Michael May and was devel-
oped to a high point of efficiency under his
successors, Msgr. Daufenbach and Father
Fr. M. Schneider, all three of whom, we are
proud to say, were warm friends of the
Fortnightly Review. The hospital is in
charge of Dominican Sisters and compares
favorably with any similar institution of its
kind and size in the U. S. The souvenir,
though itself richly illustrated, is accom-
panied by an album of beautiful photogravure
views of the hospital, its medical, consulting,
house and nursing staffs, the Sisters, wards,
operating room, etc., etc. Both the souvenir
and the album are well worth preserving.

— We hail with delight the first volume of
"A Parochial Course of Doctrinal Instruc-
tions for all Sundays and Holydays of the
Year," based on the Catechism of the Coun-
cil of Trent, — that inexhaustible treasury of
sound and practical doctrine which has per-
haps^ never yet been sufficiently utilized. The
chief excellence of this work, prepared and
arranged by the Rev. Fathers Chas. J. Cal-
lan, O. P., and J. A. McHugh, O. P., lies in
the fact that it outlines a systematic course
of instruction in conformity with the Church's
own catechism, without setting aside the
Gospel or the Epistle of the respective Sun-
day. It draws its lessons from the Scripture
text of the Sunday and groups them around
corresponding portions of the "Catechismus
Romanus." Unfortunately, the need of a
substantially new translation of the latter
occurred to the editors only after this first
volume had gone to press ; but the three fol-
lowing volumes will give the text in a
thorough revision. The doctrinal instructions
here gathered together are by such authors
as the Rev. P. Hehel, S.J., the Rev. B. L.
Conway, C.S.P.. Dom Bede Jarrett, O.S.B ,
the Rev. W. D. Strapping S.J.. the Rev!
Thos. J. Gerrard, the Rt. Rev. Tames Bel-
lord, the Rt. Rev. W. T. Russell, Cardinal
Corsi, the Rt. Rev. Alex. McDonald, the Rev
H. G. Hughes, the Rev. Wm. Graham, Dom
Anselm Parker, O.S.B. , and others who have
contributed of late years to the Homilctic
Review, of which Fathers Callan and Mc-
Hugh are the able editors. We heartily rec-
ommend the work. (Tos F. Warner, Inc ;
Western agents, the B. Herder Book Co.)'.

— We have received the second (exegetical)
part of "Christus in seiner Praexistenz und
Kenose nach Phil. 2, 5—8." by the Rev. Dr.
H. Schumacher, of the Catholic University
of America. The book carries the highest
possible commendation: it was awarded the
prize of the Pontifical Biblical Institute and
is published under the auspices of that august

body. It is difficult to refrain from super-
latives in reviewing the monumental achieve-
ment of Dr. Schumacher. The praise lavished
on his first production, "Die Selbstoffenba-
rung Jesu" (see F. R., 1913, No. 6) and on
the first (historical) part of the present study
by the foremost Catholic as well as non-
Catholic New Testament scholars of the
world, is equally deserved by this continua-
tion. We find here the same profound
scholarship, keen logic, and painstaking re-
search that have aroused the respectful ad-
miration of even the most captious German
critics. Our feeble tribute — and we are not
aware of a reputation for too ready or ful-
some praise — would detract from, rather than
add to, the eulogies of such men as Till-
mann, Lagrange, Lemmonyer, Van Kasteren
and C. Villa. With German "Grundlichkeit"
Dr. Schumacher combines the rather un-
German virtue — we use the word advisedly !
— of a clear and brilliant style. His com-
mand of language is no less notable than his
"cognizione vasta e profunda di tutta la
ricca letteratura che riguarda la vita di
Cristo." (C. Villa in Scuola Cattol, Milan,
1912). Without reserve we appropriate the
judgment of Pere Lagrange on the "Selbst-
offenbarung Jesu" {Rcvuc Biblique, Paris,
1912, p. 614 ; "L'etude de Schumacher est
decisive sur le point special qu'il a traite, ec
on ne pent que le feliciter " Dr. Schu-
macher is about to make his debut before the
English-speaking world in a "Handbook of
Scripture Study," now in press. We await
with keen expectancy this latest evidence of
the enterprise of the firm of Herder.

LULLS

ErKer's

Optical Service

Courteous and Efficient
Moderate Prices

S08 two 511 N.
OLIVE *»*** GRAND =

ahlllllllllllllllllllllUlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllrfrl

Valuable Old Missals for Sale

For the benefit of the parish church iu Hammer-
stt-in, Germany, the undersigned has been authorized
to offer for s-ale:

1 Missal, piiuted at Venice in 1595, ornamented

with many cuts:
1 Missal, priuted at Antwerp, in 1657, with a few

cuts;
1 Missal, printed at Cologne, in 1732, with red
initials.
Ptices given on application.

REV. ARTHUR A. RIKS,
3933 South Broadway, St. Louis, Mo.

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 7

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

April 1, 1921

Two Standards

By Eugene M. Beck. SJ.

St. Louis University.

Thcx

Depart from us! We would not say

Thy rule hath brought us ought but gain

But we are tired to tread the way
That stiffens upward from the plain.

Depart from us! Life's certainties
We prize above Thy fabled lore.

Our lands are fat— a thousand seas
Waft increase to our goodly store.

Depart from us ! The gentling sky

Invites to mirth and jocund play;
Thy ways are kind, yet does Thine eye
Rebuke our glittering holiday !

Abide with us ! Apart from Thee,
Earth's calculated joys are pain.

Unless Thou help, how shall we flee
The destined wrath, the fiery rain?

Abide with us! for even now.

The tides of evening climb apace;
The night is in our eyes, and how

Shall we win safely to Thy face?

Abide with us! And if at whiles
Thy chosen road is hard to tread.

Yet are there by-paths, greening aisles
And gleaming vistas over-head!

Pascal and the Casuists

A new edition of "Les Lettres Pro-
vinciales" of Blaise Pascal has been
published by Longmans, Green & Co.
in their series of "Modern Language
Texts." A critic in the Catholic World
( No. 670 ) justly objects to the inade-
quate and misleading preface by the
editor, H. F. Stewart, D. D. The critic
makes some additional observations on
the "Lettres" themselves which deserve
reproduction.

"Pascal," he says, "was most unfair
in speaking of the Jesuits, as if they
were the only casuists in the Church, or
as if they were the only ones worthy of
censure. Of the many thousands of
cases in the Jesuit treatises on moral
theology he selects only one hundred
and thirty-two decisions, which in reali-

ty amount to but eighty-nine if we ex-
clude repetitions. An analysis of these
cases leaves little for a non-Catholic —
if he be honest— to cavil at. Some of
them are common-sense decisions,
which could only be denounced out of
crass ignorance or blind prejudice. For
instance : that a starving man may take
food without being guilty of theft ; that
one may eat and drink things because
one likes them, not merely to sustain
life ; that a man is not guilty of abduc-
tion if his companion freely consents
to run away with him ; that a bankrupt
may be left enough of his fortune to
live decently; that ecclesiastical laws
lose their force when they become obso-
lete. Some decisions are travestied by
the omission of a saving clause or defini-
tion which altogether changes their
meaning. Everyone, for example, would
admit that it is immoral for a servant
to cooperate in his master's wrong-
doing. But his indignation will vanish
once he finds that the case in question
supposes the servant an innocent party
to the wrong-doing. The servant is post-
ing his master's letter advising a friend
to steal from the State, but he is guilt-
less, inasmuch as he does not know the
contents of the letter.

Scholars have pointed out in Pascal
two hundred errors of detail, one hun-
dred more of suppression of context,
and at least three of absolutely false
citations. Out of the entire list of one
hundred and thirty-two decisions, eight
only have been condemned at Rome (on
dueling), three on occult compensation
and equivocation are so arranged out of
their context as to appear immoral, and
three others on simony, the passing of
money between judge and client, and
usury are to say the least of doubtful
interpretatipn.

We are certain that the non-Catholics
who constantly allude to Pascal's 'fear-
ful onslaught' upon the immoral teach-
ings of the Jesuits have for the most
part never read his book."

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 1

The Socialization of the School

III
(Conclusion)

According to the Bureau of Educa-
tion, cities of 5,000 population and over
opened their schools for the following
"social features" during the year ending
June 30, 1914: — Entertainments, fort-
nightly social and recreational pro-
grammes, pupils' civic leagues, polling
places, night schools, political study
clubs, dental clinics, adult gymnasium
classes, motion pictures, concerts, com-
munity meetings, receptions, basket
ball, debates, girls' canning and sewing
clubs, Chautauqua circles, election uses,
athletics, oratorical contests, foreigners'
classes in English, domestic science
associations, patriotic celebrations,
physical culture and other clubs, night
citizenship courses, musical entertain-
ments, women's vocational night school,
school art gallery, child welfare asso-
ciations, evening debating clubs, farm-
ers' institutes, neighborhood meetings,
chorus rehearsals, boy scout meetings,
political rallies, children's civic clubs,
tennis courts, agricultural clubs, Y. M.
C. A. and Y. W. C. A. meetings, library
stations, working-girl's clubs, day nurs-
eries, folk dancing, art recitals, May
festivals, fairs, social gatherings. Froe-
bel clubs, cadet corps, etc. — This is
certainly a sweeping list of activities
and indicates what is meant by "the
wider use of school buildings" or the
"Socialization of the School."

A phase of socialization which de-
serves special mention is "the newer
use of the school yard." Some of our
educational experts say that if the
school yard is to have its maximum
use and efficiency, it should be used
from 8 o'clock in the morning until 10
o'clock in the evening, all through the
pleasant weather, making it available
for about 14 hours a day. They likewise
think it probable that the next ten years
will see the use of all suitable school
yards quadrupled by use after school,
on Saturdays, and through the Summer
vacation, and by the introduction of
play into the curriculum. The system
which is said to best satisfv the latter

requirements, at present, is that in
vogue at Gary, Indiana.

"Socialization" carried to the extent
already described will not satisfy some
educational reformers. A Wisconsin
enthusiast wants the public schools to
be used as the only "polling-place" in
every district, while the school principal
ought to serve as election clerk, and in
other cases as "civic secretary" for the
community. As "the secretarial service
of the school principal was not recog-
nized as actually and officially belong-
ing to his function as a public servant"
by the people of Wisconsin, Mr. Ed-
ward J. Ward, the prime mover in the
scheme, suggested a remedy :

"For the sake not only of the money,
but primarily for the support of the
school principal in efficiently rendering
this service upon which effective com-
munity organization depends, it is
necessary that this work of civic secre-
taryship be definitely recognized as pub-
lic service and remunerated as such."

But it is fair to ask why the public
school principal rather than any other
loyal citizen should be chosen for this
"remunerative service."

The movement is full of suggestions
for Catholic schools and teachers. There
is no doubt that our school buildings
and educational equipment could be
used much more efficiently than has
been the case in the past. It would be
unfair, of course, to ask our teachers
to remain in the buildings after school
hours, to conduct or supervise social
activities, or to expect to initiate such
work as has been undertaken in some
of the public schools. But we may ask
ourselves whether our class-rooms and
larger school-halls might not be more
freely used for undertakings beneficial
to the whole parish, and especially as
"social centers" for the good of our
youth. How this is to be done must be
left to the good judgment, to the zeal,
and to the whole-hearted devotion of
those whose "social sense" has been
sufficiently stirred to enable them to
realize the opportunities for important
social service in this broadening of our
educational work.

(Rev.) Albert Muntsch, S. J.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Dominicana

To the Editor:

. It is some time since I read in your
esteemed journal (issue of February
1) the notice, of Father Devas's "Ex
Umbris, Letters and Papers.... of
Fathers Lacordaire, Jandel, Danzas."
But it is only now that I have secured
a copy of the book itself. The docu-
ments published therein were not wholly
unknown to me when I wrote Chapter
VI of my "Life of Father Charles H.
McKenna." Indeed, this chapter was
submitted to one who had spent ten
years in the Province of Lyons (in
which the documents are preserved),
and who had read them in the manu-
script form. Father Jandel's Memorial
and many letters bearing on the well-
known controversy between him and
Father Lacordaire are used extensively
by Foisset in his excellent and judicial
life of the great Dominican orator.
Foisset's work, it must be remembered,
is no ex-parte plea.

Aside from other reasons, I leave it
to the readers of Father Devas's book
to decide whether the very documents
which he publishes, do not substantiate,
rather than refute, the truth of what
I say in the sixth chapter of Father Mc-
Kenna's life. The same readers are in-
vited to compare my idea of Dominican
life (given in the same chapter) with
those of Fathers Mandonnet and
Jaquin, both celebrated historians of
the Order. Mandonnet's idea will be
found in his article on the Dominicans
("Order of Preachers"), Catholic En-
cyclopedia, Vol. XII, pages 354 ff. ; that
of Jaquin in his splendid little volume
entitled : "Le Frere Precheur Autrefois
et Aujourdhui," which has been render-
ed into English by Father Hugh Pope
under the title of : "The Friar Preacher
Yesterday and To-day."

I am more than surprised that Father
Devas's book bears the name of no cen-
sor of the Order. The Dominican Con-
stitutions most positively require the
names of two such censors to be printed
"in front c o peris."

V. F. O'Daniel, O.P.

Washington, D. C.

Dr. Shailer Matthews on the Pope
and the Y. M. C. A.

In the Independent (March 12), Dr.
Shailer Matthews, a well-known Bib-
lical scholar, and one of the editors of
that magazine, comments on the recent
condemnation of the Y.M.C.A. by the
Holy See. He affirms that "it [the con-
demnation] will only serve to deepen
the chasm between Christian forces at
a moment when, with mutual toleration
of each other's position, they should
be standing together in the maintenance
of Christian morals in society."

Dr. Matthews, however, entirely
overlooks two facts which, if duly con-
sidered, would have given his comment
another turn.

The first is that, as far as Italy is
concerned, — a country, therefore, con-
cerning which the Pope is better in-
formed than his critic, — there have
been real attempts at proselytizing. In
fact the Y. M. C. A. boasted of their
success in this regard. Hence there
was much more attempted by the
Association than "the preaching of
Christianity in any form other than
that of Roman Catholicism."

In the second place, Dr. Matthews
states that "though strictly evangelical
in its administration, the Association
puts no religious tests upon its services
and extends its opportunities to men of
all religious faiths or none whatever."

This statement does not square with
the practice of the Association in this
country. It is well known that Catho-
lics are barred from the higher and
controlling official positions. They do
not measure up to the "evangelical"
test. Dr. Matthews does not sufficient-
ly consider the injustice of inviting
Catholics to join a religious society,
telling them they have "equal" rights
with all "evangelical*" people, and then
shutting them out from the inner and
higher councils of the bodv.

-*&+-+-

— If the Fortnightly Review fails in stim-
ulating its readers to think for themselves —
even to the point of occasional disagreement
with its utterances — its purpose is not at-
tained.

100

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April I

The Occupation of Germany
Because Germany has acknowledged
that it is impossible for her to meet the
terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the
Allies have sent their forces into that
country to occupy some of its fairest
provinces and cities, in order to harass
and humiliate a prostrate nation. Are
the war-wounds of the world to be
opened afresh'? Is civilization to be
dragged into the dust again? Will rea-
son be dethroned for a second time in
a decade? Is this the way for triumph-
ant powers to protect their interests
and to dictate terms? So far as the
prostrate German government and peo-
ple are concerned, there is but one way
to face, the way of a burdensome debt,
years of ceaseless labor, sacrifice and
thrift to meet the unreasonable allied
demands. This means the enslavement
of a people for generations to come.
Defeat generally does not bring any
choice to the defeated ; but on the other
hand, victory does not give to the vic-
tor the right to make unreasonable de-
mands upon a defeated people. How
would we have to hold our heads in
shame were we a party to this infamous
treaty and the manner in which it is
being carried out ? Have we acted thus
with the conquered in the wars in
which we have been engaged? Has not
our treatment of the defeated been
uniformly generous and just? Does
history record any treatment compara-
ble to that which is being meted out to
Germany at this moment?

Enough time has passed since the
occupation of Germany began, to indi-
cate what the attitude of the German
people will be. Evidently they propose
to take the thing as philosophically as
they can and await the outcome. Col-
lecting an indemnity such as the Allies
demand, is no work for an invading
army. Foreign armies cannot restore
Germany to a condition of economic
health. Military orders will never make
the German people produce and sell
the surplus of goods that must be han-
dled if an adequate indemnity is to be
paid. This is equivalent to saying that
the occupation is meaningless and fu-
tile. It is a useless hardship imposed

upon the innocent victims in the occu-j
pied territory. By marching into Ger-J
many, the Allies convey to the German;
people in a most emphatic manner, that]
they still think of them in terms of'
bitter enmity and that they intend toi
make them pay to the limit of their j
capacity, even though justice and rea-j
son would dictate otherwise. A settle-]
ment made on German soil, with an
army back of the negotiators, seems to I
be the only settlement that will satisfy]
the most rabid of the allied countries.]

Lloyd George says: "For the Allies,
German responsibility for the war is
fundamental. It is the basis upon]
which the structure of the Treaty has]
been erected, and if that acknowledg-
ment is repudiated or abandoned, the
Treaty is destroyed." This "gentle-
man," whose "generous treatment" of
the Irish people is gaining for him the
''admiration" of the world, insists that
the German government originated the
world war with the support of the Ger-
man people. History and not Lloyd,
George will settle that question and
place the responsibility for the origin
of the war where it belongs. Even now,
it is no secret that it was England's
jealousy of Germany's increasing com-
mercial conquests that originated the
war. The foundation upon which the
Treaty of Versailles is built is abso-
lutely false, and a product of hatred,
falsehood, and injustice. Students
of history in ages to come will know
where to put the blame for the devast-
ating and terrible scourge which began
in August 1914 and nearly wrecked
civilization.

If Germany is made to pay the un-
reasonable indemnity demanded by the
Allies, the latter might find themselves
hit harder than Germany herself. It is
not merely a question of failure to<
garner the German tribute year by
year. There is the much larger ques-
tion of the quietude and contentment
of the whole world. Unless the people
of all countries settle down with a will
to reproduce the wealth which was dis-
sipated by the war, there is no prospect
of the Allies being benefited by the in-
demnity which they expect to force

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

101

from Germany through the occupation
of her country. Annual payments
might be made with regularity, yet
owing to the crippled state of the
markets and the general anxiety and
i discontent, the Allies would have lost
|j more than they would have gained. So
there are two sides to this indemnity
question that the Allies might do well
to consider before allowing hatred and
greed to dictate their policy towards a
defeated and prostrate people.

The provisions of the Treaty of Ver-
!| sailles which the occupation of German
| territory hopes to bring to an issue, if
J literally carried out, would ruin both
the Allies and Germany. This is the
opinion of Francesco Nitti, former
premier of Italy, who has become one
of the most active publicists in Europe
against the strict execution of the
treaty. In the allied countries the peo-
ple are convinced that the national debt
is going to be paid by the vanquished
countries. They consider not only the
German government, but all the Ger-
man people, including future genera-
tions, as responsible for the war, so
that the indemnity is to be paid by men
who were not even born at the time of
the conflict. This curse on a vanquished
people has no example in modern his-
tory. The conquered countries, having
lost all their resources, have to fight
for the conquerors. The workmen have
to work for the victorious enemy, still
more for their own employers, and not
only for the present, and in order to
regain their liberty, but for twenty,
thirty, and perhaps forty years to come.
In Central Europe there are more
than eighty million Germans. They
represent the largest racial unity in the
Aryan race and, perhaps, in the whole
world. They are industrious, energetic,
and fond of work. Will such a people,
who count among them the most culti-
vated and the most progressive of the
whole earth, submit to servitude? Will
they accept willingly obligations which
can not possibly be carried out and
which are put upon them with threats
and outrageous military sanctions? In
the allied countries the people have

been made to believe that the indemnity
will put an end to all economic difficul-
ties, and no one has the courage to tell
them the contrary. But in order to ex-
act these indemnities, Germany must be
kept disarmed under the military domi-
nation of the conqueror, and this means
the ruin of the conqueror even before
the ruin of the conquered. For Europe
to regain peace and prepare a new
organization, the indemnity must be
fixed at a tolerable figure which could
be paid in a few years by the present
generation. "Everything,'' says Nitti,
"must be done to prevent the bank-
ruptcy of the conquered and the con-
querors, all at the same time. The same
destiny weighs on all, and the final fall
of the conquered will not happen with-
out the fall of the conquerors. Europe
must avoid this painful event, which
may easily become the most tragic in-
cident of modern history."

(Rev.) F. Jos. Kelly

Detroit Seminary

— . •_»<$-•_,

A Complaint

To the Editor:

America has become of late a fine
place for foreign literary enthusiasts
(I dare not use the term "writers")
to dump their endeavors upon the read-
ing public. To make matters worse, a
great number of fickle Americans have
taken a fancy to the romantic tales
"dished out" by these visitors, who are
not able to compete with writers in our
own country.

The "hacks that make or mar literary
reputations in America have lavished
undeserved praise" on these men, whose
books make no valuable addition to the
literary mart. Very often sensationalism
is their only quality worth mentioning,
and this is usually of the kind that dis-
gusts.

Some publishers in their eager desire
for that which glitters, make these
books the "best sellers" by skillful ad-
vertising, and ignorant, gullible readers
are not only cheated out of their time,
and money, but also weaned from really
worth-while books. J. J. B.

Milwaukee, Wis.

102

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 1

The "Psycho-Analysis" Fad

The F. R. for March 15 contained a
short but trenchant article on the va-
garies of "psycho-analysis."

Dr. W. Bergmann, author of one of
the latest and most up-to-date manuals
on the meaning and treatment of mental
disturbances due to nervous derange-
ment,* speaks in the same severe terms
of the abuses' and crudities of the
psycho-analytic method. The inter-
pretative schemes of Freud are spoken
of as "nothing more than abominable
psychology fit for old women."

The five following propositions were
presented by an authority on the sub-
ject at the meeting of the German So-
ciety of Psychiatrists in Breslau :

1. The principle of so-called psycho-
analysis (sc. Freud's) are not suf-
ficiently established — neither the-
oretically nor empirically.

2. The therapeutic efficacy of psycho-
analysis has not been proved.

3. The permanent results for clinical
psychiatry are equal to zero.

4. The repugnance which is felt by
right-thinking persons towards the
psycho-analytic propaganda is
founded upon its thoroughly un-
scientific method.

5. The practice of psycho-analysis,
in the way in which it is often
carried on to-day, involves danger
for the nervous system of the
sick, and is compromising for the
medical profession.

Besides Dr. Hoche, who presented
these propositions to the Society, other
authorities were cited in opposition to
Freud's theories — Weygandt, Liep-
mann, and Kohnstamm.

Dr. Bergmann adds that he himself
cannot agree with Freud, who seeks a
sexual origin for every case of mental
conflict. According to Freud, all un-
desirable trains of thought which force
themselves upon the mind, of whatever

nature they be, are merely repressed
wishes or desires referring to some
action performed with (sensual) grat-
ification. It is possible, says Dr. Berg-
mann, that this may be true in some
cases. But generalized as it is in the
Freudian system, it is a "monstrous
exaggeration."

At any rate, he adds, we agree with
those medical critics who absolutely
condemn the prying into the inner life
of the patient by embarrassing and
suggestive questions. He agrees with
them when they condemn the practice
of asking the patient to narrate and
interpret his dreams. And, finally, he
rejects, as do these other medical au-
thorities, the practice of detecting
sexual symbols in all the patient's ex-
pressions and actions.

Liepmann says of the Freudians that
"they consider possibilities as actuali-
ties, and turn what may be imagined
into something necessarily existing."

It is gratifying to see these outspoken
criticisms of medical authority enforce
the occasional utterances of Catholic
scholars on the subject.

(Rev.) Albert Muntsch, S.J.

* Die Seelenleiden der Nervosen. Eine
Studie zur ethischen Beurteilung und zur
Bebandlung kranker Seelen. Von Dr. Med.
Wilhelm Bergmann. (B. Herder). We
heartily recommend this book as one of the
handiest and sanest manuals on the subject.

Christian Charity, the Only Means
of Reconciliation

The Central Bureau of the Catholic
Central Society in a recent press bulle-
tin reprints from the U . S. Catholic
Magazine of 1846 an account of the
conversion of an old Englishman who
bad served in the army against the
Irish and stained his hands with Irish
blood in the rebellion of '98. When
this man came forward to be baptized,
he begged that some Irishman stand
sponsor for him, observing that "as he
had fought against the Irish people and
against their religion, being now, by
the mercy of God, converted to that
faith in which they had always perse-
vered, he wished to offer the only
atonement, besides repentance, it was
in his power to make, by a public testi-
mony of his love for a nation whom
early bigotry had taught him to hate.
He now realized the value of a univers-
al faith and universal love."

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

103

What a wonderful example of a sin-
cere conversion and what a striking
lesson for men and nations ! "We can-
not help wishing and praying," says the
bulletin, "that the spirit evidenced by
this man of English birth might be-
come universal to-day. For there can
be no lasting peace unless there be a
real reconciliation. And, as the Holy
Father has pointed out, there can be no
real reconciliation of men and nations
and races unless there be a change of
heart, a change, from the present atti-
tude to one of true Christian charity."

Mr. Peter W. Collins and the
Socialists

To the Editor :

In the Catholic Register of Denver,
I find a reprint from the Fortnightly
Review, in which Air. Denis A. Mc-
Carthy calls attention to the fact that
Air. Peter W. Collins denied making
the statement that "Socialists should be
so treated that in a few minutes they
will be scurrying into holes and corners
to hide, or seeking hospitals to have
their wounds doctored."

It is true that Mr. Collins, in a letter
to the Nation, denied making this state-
ment. Thereupon the editors of the
Nation invited me to rebut Mr. Collins'
denial, and this I did. However, for
some reason not known to me, the Na-
tion has not, to date, published my re-
buttal.

In the meantime, will you permit me
space to set forth briefly the facts?
They are as follows : Mr. Collins de-
livered an anti-Socialist lecture in Wil-
liston, N. D., on June 24th, 1920. The
Williston Herald, a weekly paper, pub-
lished what purported to be an inter-
view with Air. Collins on June 17th,
a week prior to the date of his lecture.
This interview, several columns in
length, was in the nature of advance
press "dope," advertising Air. Collin-'
lecture. In this interview Air. Collins
was quoted as above with reference to
what constitutes proper treatment for
Socialists.

At that time I was editing the Farm-
ers' Press of Williston, and I called

upon Air. Collins, editorially, to repu-
diate in his speech the alleged incendiary
remarks attributed to him in the Herald
of the previous week, Air. Collins, how-
ever, did not repudiate the Herald inter-
view in his lecture, nor did he repudiate
any part of it as far as I have ever
been able to ascertain. In fact, he ad-
mits in his letter to the Nation that he
did not do so.

W r hile I dislike, therefore, to dis-
illusion Air. McCarthy about his ideal-
istic conception of the utterances of Mr.
Collins on the lecture platform, the fact
still remains, in spite of Air. Collins'
belated denial in the Nation, that the
latter had ample opportunity to repu-
diate the incitations to violence attri-
buted to him by the Williston Herald,
and failed to do so. If Air. AlcCarthy
still doubts the above facts, I will try
to furnish him a photographic copy of
that page of the Herald containing the
interview with Mr. Collins, provided he
is willing to stand the expense of it.

Incidentally, I may add that just five
weeks after Air. Collins delivered his
anti-Socialist lecture in Williston, that
city witnessed an anti-Socialist riot in
which bloodshed was averted only by
the prompt action of Sheriff Chas.
Alackenroth, who swore in fifty special
deputies to meet the emergency. To my
mind there was little doubt that Air.
Collins' lecture five weeks previous, was
in a measure responsible for this riot.
The disorders continued for two days

As a Catholic, I protest against such
lecturers as Air. Collins and I reiterate
the statement I made in the Nation, that
as long as Catholic organizations send
out men who permit such interviews
to go un-repudiated, Catholics every-
where deserve little sympathy when they
are persecuted by bigoted mobs who
differ from them in a religious way.
Very truly yours,

G. J. Knapp
814 Sherman Ave., Salt Lake, Utah.

— <$>~

—After reading the Review, hand it to a
friend; perhaps he will subscribe, and you
will have done him a service and helped
along the apostolate of the good press.

104

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 1

Thoughts Provoked by an Interview

In the current issue of the American
— a magazine thoroughly saturated with
the Zeitgeist, by the way, — the place of
honor is given to an interview with
a distinguished prelate entitled "Young
Man, Expect Great Things !" The quot-
ed remarks are highly laudatory of Am-
erican progress and opportunities. The
entire article conveys the idea of a
satisfied mind, looking out rejoicingly
upon our great material civilization,
and beckoning the younger generation
to participate in the fruits which are
supposedly within easy reach.

Several queries haunted us as we
browsed in these Elysian fields of make-
believe. Our mind's eye pictured the
throngs of the unemployed as we see
them daily, and reviewed again the
piteous letters of frantic appeals for
help and "jobs'' — and we wondered. We
saw the throngs of workers, and pic-
tured to ourselves the hopeless prospects
that even the best of them have before
them, as wage-slaves in modern in-
dustrial society — and again we wonder-
ed. More disconcerting still there came
to us the thought of the millions of
Catholic laborers who are being sucked
into the whirlpool of modern economic.
political, and social revolution for lack
of leadership and sound direction.

Is the Church in America a Church
of the masses, in the real sense of the
word? YYe have many "prominent'"
ecclesiastics, who are indisputably great,
good, and well intentioned ; but can they
lead in the present crisis?

-K£—

Supporting the Catholic Press

To the Editor: —

A little humor now and then, is
relished by the sternest men. Here is
a joke, a real one :

"This is the Catholic press month,
and all Catholic men are urged to sup-
port their local Catholic press, and sub-
scribe for at least one Catholic maga-
zine ....'"

A communication from the High
Office, containing the above, was read
bv the secretary of a local branch.

"Brothers," said the presiding officer,
"you have heard the contents of this
communication. What is the pleasure
of the meeting?"

"I make a motion to place same on
file as read," said one member, and two
others offered a second.

"All in favor of the motion will
please signify by saying aye." And all
voted in the affirmative.

"Those opposed, will signify by say-
ing no." Not one vote was cast against
the motion, and the chair declared that
the motion was unanimously carried.

Some support, isn't it?

[. M. Sevexicii

Milwaukee, His.

| If the rest of the Catholic papers
of the country have derived no more
benefit from the "Catholic Press
Month" than the Fortnightly Re-
view, the movement may be put down
as a dismal failure. — Ed. J

Drifting into Paternalism

Interlarded with the immense amount
of congressional fol-de-rol that creeps
into our political records, there is an
occasional bit of wisdom, for instance:
(Senator King): "We have in this
country a bureaucracy which puts to
shame the bureaucratic forms we so
often criticize in other countries....
We are drifting toward paternalistic
government. Socialistic schemes are be-
ing devised and advocated with earnest-
ness, and persistent efforts are being
made to secure their adoption by the
government. Following war and during
periods of readjustment, when business
i^ disordered and discontent is abroad
in the land, clamorous appeals for
paternalistic propositions become more
frequent, and those appeals are often
pressed with zeal, and indeed, with a
fury that make them well nigh irre-
sistible."

They are irresistible. Under the pres-
ent form of society State paternalism
is the only recourse, and though often-
times the results are nil, or nearlv so,
it is necessary to make a show at least
towards relieving the siutation. Else

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

105

who can say how long revolution would
he warded off? Quite logically, then,
are we drifting into paternalism, State
Socialism, and bureaucracy. As long as
Capitalism is the prevailing economic
form of society, this will be the case,
and indeed inevitablv so. F.

One Way of Solving the "Housing
Problem"

There is now being organized in St.
Louis a "Workers' Homing Associa-
tion."' Its aim is to enable wage earners
and salaried employees of all trades and
professions to obtain and own their own
homes on the fraternal co-operative
plan.

In our days of commercialism,
profiteering, high cost of living, etc.,
there ought to be no question as to the
feasibility of such an enterprise if we
take into consideration the success at-
tained by fraternal life insurance so-
cieties. If conducted under proper safe-
guards in regard to the financial end,
and safety of the investment of funds
contributed by its members, the plan is
practical and offers no more obstacles
than life insurance on the fraternal
plan. The laws governing equity, pro-
bate matters, and fraternal beneficiary
societies can easily be applied to the
constitution and by-laws of such an or-
ganization in every State.

The best features of such an organi-
zation are the following: (1) Interest
on notes, commissions, etc., are elimin-
ated, a spirit of thrift looking to the
acquisition of a home and the protec-
tion thereof, is nourished, especially
among young men and women, who
ought to be ambitious to own their own
home by the time they have reached
the zenith of efficiency, but must work
under the pressure of ever increasing
competition. (2) The association fur-
nishes money in any reasonable amount
(say $4,000) to each of its members for
the purpose of building or buying a
Tiome, subject to the approval of a board
of competent directors and officers, and
to the laws governing the security of
investments. (3) The funds so raised
are acquired by a monthly assessment

of the members in the sum of S10 each,
and when a member obtains a home, he
pays $26 per month ; the $16 more are
the equivalent of the average rent paid
by the worker in our large cities and
should never exceed 20% of his salary.
(4) The organization, under its rules,
starts operation as soon as 500 members
have joined, and will finish for all
simultaneously at the expiration of 241
months, at which time the members will
release each other and receive a clear
title to their homes. (5) The association
creates a contingent fund which, in case
of accident or sickness of any member,
is used to pay the sick member's assess-
ment during the time of his incapacity.
Of course, the amount so applied must
be amortizised on a percentage basis, to
be added to the regular assessment of
such member when able to resume work.
Thus aside from other benefits which
the association is able to render to its
members) it will protect them against a
foreclosure of mortgage, against the
depreciation of the value of their prop-
erty by the intrusion into the communitv
of unwelcome individuals, corporations,
or races, and it is easy to understand
that many a stumbling block can be re-
moved by co-operation that would resist
the individual force of any man.

The idea has undoubted merit and is
worthy of consideration and study. We
shall observe its workings and in due
time give our readers the benefit of our
observations. PI.
•-♦<s~~»

— When the Germans bomhed London,
their theory was that even if they did only
kill chance civilians still it would have a
grand moral effect. It did, — in stiffening
Londoners and Englishmen generally to hold
out against the enemy. The Germans know
this now. But Sir Hamar Greenwood, more
Prussian than the Prussians, clings to the
belief that mere murderous blackguardism
can break the spirit of the Irish people. A
few English newspapers are beginning to see
the folly of this conduct. "He and the black
sheep of his irregular militia," says the Man-
chester Guardian (weekly edition, Vol. IV,
No. 9), "have deprived us of the advantage
of being a lawful and honorable government
contending against a league of assassins. . . .
British ministers who fill the mind of the
world with a damning record of foul play
done in Ireland in our name, are architects
of humiliation for their country too."

106

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April

The Church and the Age

It must be perfectly plain to all who
have but a superficial knowledge of the
world's history that "religious zeal,
chivalrous love and honor, democratic
liberty are the three most powerful prin-
ciples that have ever influenced the
character of large masses of men."
Whilst, now, each one of these prin-
ciples in succession has become the dis-
tinctive mark of certain ages, all three
can with justice be claimed as belonging
to the Catholic Church in every age.

The early days of the Apostles, mar-
tyrs, and confessors, were, indeed, the
grand ages of faith and religious en-
thusiasm, yet they were the ages also
in which the universal love and tender
devotion to the' spotless virgin-queen
Mary, Mother of God, gave birth to a
most chivalrous regard for womanhood,
which we now look upon as the flower
of knighthood in the twelfth and suc-
ceeding centuries. These same ages of
religious fervor began to remove the
barriers that had so long separated high
from low, master from slave, freeman
from barbarian, by declaring that all
men were children of one common
Father in Heaven.

The age of chivalry, then, gave .1
more pronounced outward expression
to its deep and lively faith by its deeds
of true heroism and the noble works
of art, especially of architecture, which
even to-day are the wonder of the
world. The same age of chivalry, like-
wise, gave rise to the numerous free
cities and leagues of cities which were
the forerunners and, in many respects,
might serve even to-day as models for
imitation. Modern times, lastly, have
seen the grandest development of the
spirit of democracy, the freedom of
each individual and the equality of all
before the law. The Church hails this
development of the spirit of liberty
under just laws, as exemplified in our
modern republics, and also, though per-
has in a less degree, in constitutional
monarchies, as a step forward in the
right direction.

Now, as Mallock says, "the Catholic
Church is the only historical religion

that can conceivably adapt itself to the ,
wants of the present day, without vir-
tually ceasing to be itself."

Being the mother and guardian of
this threefold development, the Catholic
Church need not fear for the future,
when democracy shall have assumed
even larger proportions than to-day. At
the same time she will continue to foster
the spirit of true knighthood in- holding
her bright protecting shield over the
dignity of womanhood against free love
and divorce, and of noble motherhood
against the ravages of race suicide and
the consequent evils of nervous derange-
ment and insanity.

May we not then hope that the arts
of painting, sculpture, architecture,
poetry, music, and even the drama will
seek new inspiration at the old foun-
tainhead of the beautiful, the Catholic
faith?

There are unmistakable signs that a
new era of progress in human culture
is coming up. May the world find us
prepared and ready to receive it and to
speed it on its blessed way. J. E. R.
—4>~.

The Mysterious Influenza

The influenza scourge that swept
Asia, Europe, and America, in 1918 and
in a few months killed more people than
fell in the whole of the war, is the sub-
ject of intensive study in a bulky report
issued by the British Ministry of
Health, and signed by a number of dis-
tinguished men of science and medicine.

The most they can tell us, after all,
is that the cause of the disease is still
unfound, but that it clearly fastens on
people who have had their vitality
lowered ; and "since for a generation to
come there is certain to exist over wide
areas precisely the type of misery which
we suspect to be the appropriate forcing
house" of the germ, fresh scourges of
it are to be expected. The only ultimate
way to lessen its horrors is to "improve
our standard of life."

This is cold comfort; but it should at
least remind us that in the field of health,
as in that of economics, the restoration
of the countries that have suffered most
in the war is a measure of self-protec-
tion.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

107

Forty Years of Missionary Life
in Arkansas
By the Rev. John Eugene Weibee, V.F.
(Twenty-eighth Installment)
Chapter xiv
CHURCH AND SCHOOL IN PARA-
GOULD

The year 1880 was a good year for the
farmers of Arkansas, and my Sunday col-
lections increased greatly. The Christmas
collection for the students that year amount-
ed to $113. That Christmas I said midnight
Mass in Pocahontas, 5 o'clock Mass in Jones-
boro, and 10 o'clock Mass in Paragould.

The people of Paragould and Peach
Orchard suffered keenly from the absence
of Father Gleissner. They were used to
having services every Sunday, and now,
since Father Gleissner's departure, they had
to # be satisfied with an occasional service on
a week-day. In both places the people made
preparations for building a new church.

In Paragould, we had a subscription list
of $1600. One day a fine young cleric made
his appearance and told them that Archbishop
Kenrick, of St. Louis, had heard what good
and zealous Catholics they were and had sent
him to look into their affairs. He would re-
port to the Bishop, and then return as their
pastor and build them a church. The people,
in their anxiety to have a church and a priest,
were highly pleased and treated the clergy-
man royally. He got the subscription list and
quite a good deal of the money subscribed.
Mr. Henry Wrape, Sr., now of St. Louis,
offered to pay his subscription of $200 in
cash, but his wife interfered, telling him
that he should not pay anything before he
had heard from Father Weibel, for such
had been their instructions. The pseudo-
priest proved to be a Jew. He had fine looks
and very pleasing manners, and had done
similar mischief in other missions. At my
next visit I told the people that they ought
to have known that the Archbishop of St.
Louis had nothing to do with Arkansas, and
they felt quite ashamed of themselves.

The difficulty now was that the subscription
list was still in the possession of the swindler,
whose abode no one knew, and who had
promised to collect on the strength of that
subscription in St. Louis, and then to re-
turn. The names of a number of outsiders
were on the list. The people begged me to
say nothing about it, as it would make them
the laughing stock of Paragould. In fact,
the trouble never became public as far as I
know. In those days it often happened that
such imposters would travel through the
country, pretending to be priests and would
naturally be welcomed by the isolated Cath-
olics who seldom saw a priest. Most of
those imposters belonged to the tribe of
Juda. A remarkable case of this kind hap-
pened later in Jonesboro, on the morning

when Bishop Fitzgerald had a paralytic stroke
in my house. We were talking together,
when a gentleman presented himself as a
visiting priest. He had a rather humble ap-
pearance, and at first sight I took him for a
German. He said he wished to see the pastor,
Father Weber. I replied that my name was
not Weber, but Weibel, and asked him for
his name. He gave his name and said he
was from Syracuse, N. Y. I looked up the
name in the Catholic Directory and told
him there was no such priest in the Syracuse
diocese, but there was one in the Archdio-
cese of St. Louis, whereupon he said that
it was that archdiocese that he meant and
to which he belonged. Now my suspicions
were aroused. I remembered having received
two photographs of a pseudo-priest, who
had officiated at some church in the East
as Bishop Meerschaert from Oklahoma. I
got out these photos, which bore a striking
resemblance to the man before me. I showed
him one. He replied : "That is not me, but
a bishop." I showed him the other photo-
graph, on which he was represented as a
simple priest. After that I began to converse
first in German, and then in French, as the
information on the back of the photo said
that, besides English, the imposter spoke
German and French. He spoke both lan-
guages. I then told him I must see his
papers before I would believe he was a
priest. Thereupon he became angry and said
he would not show them to me, but would
show them to the Archbishop of St. Louis.
I replied: "You said just a minute ago that
you belonged to the Archdiocese of St.
Louis, and in that case you must have your
papers from that place and need not show
them to the Archbishop." He left in a hurry.
Bishop Fitzgerald, who had heard every-
thing, remarked : "I had no idea that you
could be so quick in examining a man, but
you should have had him arrested." I thought
I had no right to do that, as he had done
nothing wrong in Jonesboro. It was fortu-
nate, for a few minutes afterward the Bish-
op became paralyzed in my room, and I had
my hands full. The same day, Father Victor
Stepka, then pastor of White Church, Mo.,
now rector of Clayton, near St. Louis, came
to visit me. A few days later he sent me a
card, saying the same fellow had been col-
lecting in his mission during his absence.
About two months later a body was brought
for burial from Marked Tree. It was the
remains of old Mrs. McCarthy. Her son
told me that they had lately received a visit
from a saintly priest, who had blessed them
all, and especially the old lady, which was
a great consolation to him. The "Holy Father
John," as he called him had not said Mass,
but prayed for them and blessed them. To
his question whether I knew the Father, 1
answered that I had a photograph of him.
When I exhibited the photo, he and his wife
recognized "the good Father" immediately.
It would have been for them a great pleasure

108

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April

to receive the photograph as a present, but it
had on the back a printed record of his
sacrilegious crimes. Certain that he would
not return to our district, I preferred to
leave these simple folk in their ignorance,
and said no more.

In the spring of this year, the Rev. B.
Fuerst was ordained by Bishop Fitzgerald,
together with Father Michael McGill, in the
Cathedral of Little Rock. Father Fuerst was
born in Bremen, Germany, and is a fine mu-
sician, as are his brothers, of whom one is
the present Abbot of Mount Angel, Oregon.
His sisters excel in that art also, and one
of them is a nun in the Queen of Angels
Convent, near Mount Angel, Oregon, where
she works as a music teacher. At present
Father Fuerst, sub-senior of the diocese, is
pastor of the Italian congregation of St. Jo-
seph's, in Tontitown. After his first Mass
he was appointed pastor of Pocahontas, and
worked there as such for about ten years.

On the Feast of the Ascension, 1889. the
rirst two novices of the new convent of
Maria-Stein, at Pocahontas, 'received the
habit of St. Benedict. They were: Miss
Christina Unterberger, now Sister Mary
Aloysia, sub-prioress in Jonesboro, and Miss
Wuersch, now Sister Mary Anselma. The
latter was for more than twenty years a bed-
ridden invalid, but was lately cured by an
operation, and is again in active service. The
Sisters' school for white pupils was attended
this year by 102 children, whilst 36 were in
the colored school. Sister Mary Agnes de-
voted herself heart and soul to the education
of the colored children. She labored for them
with the same zeal and energy which she
had shown when in charge of Indian mis-
sions in Dakota. Towards the end of April
she was sent to Jonesboro to open a school
at that place.

Good old Sister Agnes was soon loved and
revered by everyone, and all were anxious
to help her along. The female sex is capable
of great heroism, and Sister Mary Agnes
was a good illustration, being ready for any
sacrifice. She was capable of going long
without sleep, and willingly performed all
kinds of "work-in the interest of religion and
for the welfare of the poor. She had an
extraordinary love for holy poverty, and was
ready to give away anything she had to help
the poor, for their sorrows were her sor-
rows. She found time to kneel for hours in
prayer before the Blessed Sacrament. Her
example was a constant sermon to the small
flock in Jonesboro. The congregation and the

convent owe her a great debt of gratitude.
The school work in the missions was quite
promising, but more helpers were needed.
For that reason Mother Beatrice left for
Europe with the highest recommendation
from Bishop Fitzgerald, to get some Sisters
from the mother house in Rickenbach. Her
mission, which required great courage and
prudence, was entirely successful, and on
December 2, 1889, she returned from Ricken-
bach with Sister Mary Clara and seventeen
young ladies, of whom the following are
"still living: Sister Mary Edwarda, superior
of St. John's Place, Hot Springs; Sister
Mary Rose, teacher at Pocahontas ; Sister
M. Romana. Jonesboro: Sister Mary J. Bap-
tista, Jonesboro : Sister Mary Joseph, music
teacher at Jonesboro; Sister Mary Hilde-
garde, Jonesboro : and Sister Mary Henrica.
Pocahontas. Mother Beatrice also brought
back some precious relics of St. Boniface,
given her by the Bishop of Fulda. With
these young ladies the necessary material
was furnished for a community. Mother
Beatrice, with the aid of Sister Mary Clara,
was indefatigable in instructing and training
these young ladies to fit them to become true
religious and competent teachers. A s a proof
how successful she was in imparting to them
a solid English education, I may mention the
fact that during the next few years six
young Sisters of this company passed their
examinations as public-school teachers and
one of them was appointed deputy county
examiner for the public-school teachers, for
Ripley County, Mo., and Randolph County,
Ark. Whilst imparting solid religious in-
struction. Mother Beatrice never neglected
to provide plenty of exercise and healthy
recreation for her charges. She insisted also
upon upright carriage in walking and would
not tolerate stooping carrying the head side-
ways, or other peculiarities.

(To be continued)

~k§>—

— One of the unsolved mysteries of the
war that will perhaps never be cleared up,
is the disappearance of the U. S. collier
Cyclops, which vanished from the Atlantic
three years ago with 339 persons on board.
Xot a word was ever heard from the vessel.
despite the fact that she had a powerful
wireless on board and not a single clue as
to her fate has ever been found. The last
hope of tracing her died when the German
admiralty, after the signing of the armistice,
announced that she had not fallen prey to a
commerce raider.

ST. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

109

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

— In Xo. 4216 of the London Tablet Fr.
Herbert Thurston, S.J., examines Lady Glen-
Conner's book, "The Earthen Vessel," which
deals with spirit communication through
book-tests (see F. R., XVIII, Xo. 5, P- 70,
and shows how even its data of fact go far
to show that "conclusive evidence of identity
can never be furnished" and that there are
endless possibilities of fraud and deception.

—Under the title, "The Blackrobe in the
Land of the Wigwam." the Jesuit Fathers
of St. Francis Mission, St. Francis, S. Dak.,
have issued a pictorial album with many
interesting scenes and portraits of the mis-
sion and its charges mostly reproduced
from photographs. Copies can be had from
either Fr. Eugene Buechtel or Fr. Floren-
tine Digmann, S.J., at the Mission, for fifty
cents each.

— It is a common complaint, says Father
W. H. Kent in the Tablet, that the classic
works of our old writers are too little read
at, the present day. In some cases, it is true,
the fact that new editions are still printed
may serve to show that the complaint is. to
say the least, exaggerated. But in the case
of such writings as those of Cardinal Bell-
armine and Sir Thomas More, and much of
our medieval literature, we fear there is too
real evidence that they are strangely ne-
glected by Catholics who might be expected
to be familiar with their pages.

— Woman, the high-priestess of life, who
risked her own in giving sons to the world,
has never by right of motherhood been given
a yea or nay in the councils that doomed
men to helds of carnage. The government
of the world by the male half of the human
race has all but swamped our civilization.
Recovery and readjustment must needs be a
slow and painful process, involving changes
that are at present hidden or dimly realized.
Among them may we not look for the
scrapping of the business and advertising
methods that perpetuate woman's slavery to
brainless and indecent fashions?

— In discoursing on "Some French-Canadian
Prose Writers," in the Catholic World (Xo.
670), Dr. Thorns O'Hagan fittingly devotes
a paragraph to our late colleague and friend,
Jules Paul Tardivel. M. Tardivel, who was
known as "the Louis Veuillot of Canada," he
says, "tilled a unique place in French-Cana-
dian journalism. He was, without a doubt,
a chevalier sans peur et sans reproche, and
made of his little weekly journal, La Verite,
a tremendous force in the Catholic life of
Quebec. Though dead since 1905, the tradi-
tions of this fearless Catholic journalistic
crusader still survive, and give strength and
inspiration to those who battle for knightly
honor and Catholic truth."

— The Christian Democrat is the title of a
new monthly magazine published by the
Catholic Social Guild of England, of which
three numbers have readied us. It pledges
itself to carry out the directions of Leo XIII
in his encyclicals on the social question, in
particular. (1) the maintenance and defence
of the Christian family, (2) the establish-
ment of a living wage as the universal mini-
mum, (3) partnership instead of antagonism
in industry and (4) the diffusion of prop-
erty. The Christian Democrat will devote it-
self mainly to the practical application of
these principles and to the spirit in which
they will have to be applied if a right social
order is to be evolved out of the present
chaos.

—President Harding is a Baptist and Vice-
President Coolidge a Congregationalist. Of
the cabinet officers, Hughes and Davis are
Baptists. Mellon and Hayes are Presbyter-
ians; Wallace is a -United Presbyterian;
Hoover is a Quaker ; Weeks is a Unitarian ;
Denby is an Episcopalian; Daugherty is a
Methodist, and Fall professes allegiance to
no particular church, but "attends wherever
Mrs. Fall may desire to go." -Again, as under
Wilson, the great and numerous Catholic
population of the country, which has so
many able and eminent men, is without rep-
resentation among the President's official
advisers. Why? Are we not_ largely our-
selves to blame for this slight 1

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars i* v*» ■■ m »• i«* i« i e " i he i a|e

SEGAR LOGIC

ATAXY smokers think that if a segar has been made some time, say a year, it deteriorates.
- L *- L This is not so if kept as we keep them, so that they do not become exposed to the con-
tinuous changes in the temperature and humidity. In fact, we believe that they improve arid
become mellow with age if they are packed in boxes made from Spanish cedar wood, which
causes them to retain their aromatic properties.

All segars of their kind are good, if they are made out of good, clean, healthy tobacco.
We are opposed to segars that are flavored, commonly called doped. Any segar that leaves
an after-taste in the mouth after smoking has dope in it, according to our belief. A good
tobacco should leave your mouth clean and sweet after smoking, and does not require flavoring.

Ifin <tl Qn Seat Postpaid on Receipt of Money Order i
|UU"4>/iOU pack and return by Parcel Post. Money &

r N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory.
Postage refunded by return mail

50--S4.00

Established 1866

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

110

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 1

Catholic Art and Architecture

A revised and enlarged second edition, containing forty-eight pages of plates, plus twenty-five pages of text.
The text lays dawn solid principles on Catholic art and architecture, and the plates exemplify these principles, as

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been highly recommended bv experts and members of the hierarchy and clersry who have made
a study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

—Mr. Israel Zangwill. in a letter to the
London Times Literary Supplement (No.
993), defends himself cleverly against cer-
tain charges made against him in that maga-
zine by the reviewer of his latest book. He
says among other things: "Writing in
Switzerland, where even Germans and
Frenchmen live in a common patriotism, I
do not find it so hard as Mr. Belloc. the ex-
Frenchman, to conceive of a multi-racial
nationalism, and I remember that to his fel-
low-Catholic, Lord Acton, this seemed the
highest form of nationalism. .. .It is strange
that my patriotism should be impugned be-
cause I hold to that gospel of 'Peace on
earth and good will to all men' which my
country's Church has just been proclaiming."
— The Toronto Statesman (Vol. IV, No.
ii) thinks we Americans are better off, as
iar as political liberty is concerned, than the
people of England and Canada. "In England
and Canada," says our contemporary, "par-
liamentary government has been destroyed
by the pretensions of the executive. ... By
whatever test we gauge the merits of mon-
archy, as contrasted with republicanism, we
are bound to confess that as 'subjects' of a
king who is a mere figurehead, we occupy a
status inferior to that of our neighbors,
where the proud boast of citizenship levels
all class distinctions." The "proud boast" is
ever audible : but what did the people of the
Q. S. have to say when it came to declaring
war and what influence did they exercise
on the peace treaty? In reality, there has
been very little true democracy in evidence
anywhere of late years.

—It is a pity to see Sir Philip Gibbs. a
Catholic carrying on what one of our ex-
changes calls "a most unfair propaganda
against Ireland" in the V. S. Sir Philip had
a clearer vision than most Englishmen in
regard to the world war: why should he be
so blind concerning Ireland? Mr A G
Gardner, another Englishman, though not a
Catholic, sees clearly that "every new infamy
wrought by the British government in Ire-
land every new atrocity, every indiscriminate
murder, every creamery sent in flames to the
skies deepens the wrath of an outraged peo-
ple, drive into the ranks of Sin Fein every
mederate influence. ... Every crime and folly
we commit recoils on us in the accumulated
auger of a people who will perish rather
than submit to an alien tyranny." Yes and
we may add: it draws down upon England
the disapproval and indignation of the whole

civilized world. England is endangering her
own future by her treatment of Ireland.

— The London Times says that as a result
of the recent occupation of additional por-
tions of conquered Germany, the Allies "will
have their hands on the taps through which
a large amount of German wealth passes,
and they will know how to regulate the
flow." A Canadian journal, the Toronto
Statesman (Vol. IV, No. n), comments on
this frank admission as follows: "It must
be evident to anyone who reads between the
lines that military action has one end in view
—the economic control of Germany. . , .
While England and France are handicapped
by unrest and agitation, Germany has re-
acted to her pre-war methods of efficiency.
. . . To control German exports and to pre-
vent German competition, what more natural
than that England and France should decide
to destroy German industrial efficiency that
threatens French and British trade." Note
that both the papers quoted are British.

— The N. Y. Post lately published a state
ment showing "How the Government will
spend the income tax money Mr. Citizen is
paying." 68 cts. on each dollar goes to pay
for past wars, interest on public debt, etc.;
20 cts. for present defense, and 12 cts. for
carrying on the federal government. The
question at once suggests itself: How much
of each dollar paid in could be saved if the
nations indebted to the L T . S. for moneys
advanced should henceforth be required to
pay interest thereon? It is now more than
two years and a third since the war ended.
Meanwhile the victorious nations have taken
enormous indemnities from the vanquished
Germans and Austrians. Is it not high time
that the citizens of the U. S., who in the
meanwhile have been taxed at the rate of
about $450,000,000 a year because of the
Allies' default in the payment of interest,
should have relief from this unconscionable
burden?

— The Report of the Second Annual Meet-
ing of the Franciscan Educational Confer-
ence, for a copy of which we are indebted
to the Reverend Secretary, contains papers
and discussions that must interest every
educator, especially on the teaching of Latin
and English in our colleges and seminaries.
Perhaps the most important resolution adopt-
ed by the conference was that recommending
the establishment of a central agency for the
purpose of securing greater efficiency and
uniformity in the publication of "Francis-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

111

cana." The scope and function of this agency
shall be to systematize the literary efforts
of the Friars by designating such works of
the classic writers of the Order, e. g., St.
Bonaventure. as should be republished and
the Friars to whom the task should be com-
mitted. Copies of this valuable report can
be had from the Office of the Secretary,
1615 Vine St., Cincinnati, O.

— Woodrow Wilson's departure from pub-
lic life was most pathetic. "History might be
searched in vain," says a contemporary, "for
another example of a statesman who had
risen to such godlike heights, only to fall to
the deepest depths of unpopularity. Others
have been crucified for doctrines that have
lived and served humanity's needs. It was
left to Woodrow Wilson to be condemned
for failure to give effect to his own teach-
ing. . . . The world will remember him, not
as the prophet whose words pierced the
hearts and intellects of men everywhere,
but as the apostle who cruelly disappointed
the hopes that had been centered in him, and
who blighted the prospects of world peace
which it was in his power to bring to pass.
He invoked the genius of Democracy and
gave to the world a vision of a new heaven
and earth, only to fall a prey to the allure-
ments of European entanglements and to
forswear the faith of Washington and
Lincoln for the social attractions of Old
World imperialism."

— A rare opportunity will be given those
interested in Gregorian Chant, of hearing
one of the Solesmes monks, the understudy
of Dom Mocquereau. the author of the Vati-
can Edition of the Gregorian Chant Books.
Father Eudine, O.S.B., will come to America
immediately after Easter, to take up the work-
left off by Dom Gatard, O.S.B., who lectured
here on the same subject last fall. Father
Eudine ranks next to the greatest living au-
thority on the Chant, Dom Mocquereau. He
wili deliver, by appointment, practical and
theoretical lectures on Gregorian Chant, exe-
cuted according to the Solesmes method. He
will also deliver lectures on the liturgy, a
subject which with the Chant forms a life
study of the Solesmes Benedictines. Relig-
ious institutions, convents, colleges, and
choirs should embrace this opportunity of
obtaining first-hand information concerning
the Chant, and the manner of its rendition
from a master such as Father Eudine. Those
who wish to benefit by his visit and desire
his services, or a Summer School in the
Chant will kindly address him at the Abbey of
Farnborough. Hants, England, or in care of
Mr. N. Montani. Editor of the Choirmaster,
1207 Walnut St.. Philadelphia.

WANTED

Experienced Teacher and Organist with A-1 refer-
ences is desirous of making: change. Unless vou have
a free house and will pav not less than fi.coo includ-
ing extras, please do not answer. Strict Cecilian, new
choral.

A. B., care of Fortnightly Review

Literary Briefs

—P. Marietti, of Turin, has issued the
'•Officium Maioris Hebdomadae" in a new
edition of handier, size, printed in beautiful
large black type, and revised so as to con-
form to the new rubrics of the Breviary
and the new Missal. This handy edition will
be a godsend to the reverend clergy, to whom
we heartily recommend it. (B. Herder
Book Co.)

— In "Psychology and Mystical Experience,"
Professor John Howley, of Galway, offers
a valuable critical contribution to the study
of the psychic phenomena of religious life.
In seven chapters he discusses : the Psychol-
ogy of a Retreat The Theory of William
James, the Psychology of a Revival, A
Theory of Integral Conversion, Mystical Ex-
perience and Quietism, Mystical Experience
Proper, and Varieties of Mystical Experience.
The volume is dedicated to the memory of
Father James Mallac, S.J., and bears the
imprimatur of Westminster. (Kegan Paul
and B. Herder Book Co.)

— Under the title "Vitalism and Scholasti-
cism" Prof. Bertram C. A. Windle has pub-
lished a new, revised and enlarged edition
of his former book, "What is Life?" The
work deals with an important aspect of the
problem of life that is inexcusably neglected
by many modern writers. Prof. Windle is
an eminent scientist and states the vitalistic
explanation of living matter from the point
of view of modern science. Theological
problems are touched upon but incidentally.
The book repays careful perusal and is a
valuable acquisition to any library. (B.
Herder Book Co.).

— We are told to "read a book a day," so
that we may become acquainted with the
world's literature. Suppose a man should
read a book a day. That is a liberal allowance,
even for a professional reader, when we con-
sider that a book may mean a slight novel,
easily finished in an hour, or a masterpiece,
such as Hamlet or Faust, to which even a
miscellaneous reader might like to devote at
least a week. At the rate indicated, a fair
average of one book a day, a man who lived
for fifty or sixty years would have read only
about twenty thousand books. Twenty thou-
sand books is a large library, but what a

1 III ll 1 11 1 n 1 1 11 1 1 1 11

ErKer's

Eyeglasses and Spectacles

In the newest style frames.
Moderate Prices

SOS two 511 N.
OLIVE st ore* GRAND J
aTllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMlllllllllllllllllllllffi

112 THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW April

The Most Noteworthy Contribution to Sermon Literature of Recent Years

Sermons for All the Sundays

and for the Chief Festivals of the Year

By the Right Rev. John S. Vaughan, D. D.

Bishop of Sebastopolis

With an Introduction by

Most Rev. John J. Glennon, D. D.

Archbishop of St. Louis, Mo.

Two Volumes, octavo, about 640 pp. Per set, bound in cloth, net $6.00

Bishop jVaughan, one of the famous six Vaughan
brothers who went to the Altar, has devoted himself
particularly to pulpit and missionary work, and
while he gained distinction from the publication of
a number of books of delightful literary qualities,
his chief renown came to him through his remark-
able performances in the pulpit.

He is regarded as one of the greatest living pulpit
speakers and hence this collection of his SERMON'S
will be received with the greatest interest.

BISHOP VAUGHAVS SERMONS breathe the
very spirit of virility that characterizes their vig-
orous author. He treats his subjects in original,
striking ways, and his command of effective illustra-
tion is exceptional.

Abreast of the times in feeling, these SERMONS
will be found to be full of life and spirit, and a
treasure trove of thought and suggestion for pulpit
teachers.

JOSEPH F. WAGNER, (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

.S7. Louis: B. Herder Book Co.

small part of the world's literature it repre-
sents ! So it is evident that the most ab-
sorbent of us arm-chair squatters in litera-
ture have not read very much, after all,
especially if we are not yet eighty years old.

—Father Felix M. Cappello, S.J., the well-
known Italian canonist, is publishing his lec-
tures on the Sacraments. The first volume,
comprising the treatises on the Sacraments
in general, Baptism, Confirmation, and the
Holy Eucharist, has just appeared under the
title "Tractatus Canonico-Moralis de Sacra-
mentis iuxta Codicem Iuris Canonici." It is,
as the title indicates, a combined moral and
canonical treatise, not merely brought up to
date, but written with constant reference
to the New Code. This gives it a peculiar
value over other treatises of the same kind.
(Turin: Pietro Marietti ; St. Louis, Mo.; B
Herder Book Co.).

— Were it not for a few entirely unneces-
sary and very offensive flings against the
Catholic Church, "Spiritualism in the Light
of the Faith," by the Rev. T. J. Hardy, an
Anglican minister, would deserve to be rec-
ommended as the best of the smaller
treatises recently written on this burning
subject. Even as it is. the well-written book-
let will be of use to the discriminating Cath-
olic student, to whom we recommend it with
due reservation. The author's conclusion
may be summarized as follows : Whether or
not the devil has a hand in Spiritistic mani-
festations, the tendency of Spiritism is dis-

tinctly away from Christ, from His Church,
from the Sacraments, and from everything
which the loyal Christian values for his
eternal welfare and that of those whom he
loves. To be misled by it must be regarded
as the greatest calamity that could befall any
one on earth, and therefore Christians should
avoid Spiritism as they would a leper. (Lon-
dan: S.P.C.K.; New York: Macmillan),

Books Received

Infant Mortality and Nursing by the Mother. By-
Rev. Albert Muntsch, S.J. Timely Topics Series
No. 10 of the Central Bureau of the Central So-
ciety. 12 pp. 8vo. Central Bureau, Temple Bldg.„
St. Louis, Mo. (Pamphlet).

Flame of the Forest. A Novel by Constance E.
Bishop, viii & 305 pp. 8vo. Benziger Bros. $2 net.

Children of God. A Summary of Catholic Doctrine
for Busy People. By Mark Moeslein, C.P. x &
225 pp. 12mo. New York: The C. WildennaOn
Co., 33 Barclay Str. Paper, 50 cts.; cloth, $1.

Tressider's Sister. A Novel by Isabel C. Clarke,
vi & 409 pp. 8vo. $2.25 net; postage 15 cts.
Benziger Bros.

The Essence of the Holy Mass. A New Theory.
By Rev. Willibald Hacklier, Priest of the Diocese
of Lacrosse, Wis. 46 pp. 16mo. For sale by the
)'. Herder Book Co., St. Louis, Mo.

Little Journeys to Parnassus. By Thomas Speed
Mosby. Part Six. 44 pp. Svo.' Jefferson City,
Mo. : T'-e Message Publishing Co. 50 cts. post-
paid. (Paper).

Almanack Catholiquc Francois pour 1921. 384 pp.
12mo. Paris: Bloud & Gav, 3, Rue Garanciere
(Vie). (Paper).

The Official Catholic Directory for 1921. New York:
P. J. Kenedy & Sons.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

113

NEW AXD IMPORTANT

THE OTHER LIFE

By the RIGHT REV. WILLIAM SCHNEIDER, S. T. D.,

Bishop of Paderboin

Translated from the Eleventh Edition of the German Original
Revised and Edited by the REV. HERBERT THURSTON, S. J.

Cloth, net $3.50

The need of a sound and attractive exposition of
the Catfulic teaching on this subject has been .in-
creasingly felt, and in its issue of July, 1918,
CATHOLIC BOOK NOTES (London) voiced this
urgent need, saying that "such a book, well written,
abreast of the best scholarship, fair and courteous,
critical but thoroughly Catholic, would be most wel-
come."

The present book is intended to supply this need
and the names and the renown of both the author

and the editor would seem to offer ample guarantee
that the book will meet all requirements of a
SAFE AXD SOUND STATEMENT of what the
Church teaches on the subject.

JOSEPH F. WAGNER (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co.

The WOLFRAM COMPANY

17 Chestnut Street
Columbus, Ohio

WOLFRAMS SANOS

Jo. 90 per bottle $0.04 War Tax

5.00 6 bottles 0.24

9.50 12 bottles 0.4S "

WOLFRAMS CATARRH REMEDY, for Catarrh of
the Head. Nose. Throat. Hay Fever, and General
Catarrhal Conditions.

$1.25 per bottle $0 05 War Tax

7.00 6 bottles 0.30

13.00 12 bottles 0.60 - "

WOLFRAMS CONSTIPATION CAPSULES, for Re-
lief of Constipalion. Very beneficial indirectly
in Auto-intoxication. Piles, and the more com-
mon lornis of urinary disturbances.

J2.C0 per box " Jo 08 War Tax

5. co 3 boxes 0.24

WOLFRAMS THROAT CHIPS, for Coughs. Tick-
ling in the Threat. Smoker's Sore Throat, for
Singers and Speakers.

Si. 00 per doz. Small Boxes $0.12 War Tax
2.50 per doz. Large Boxes 0.12
WOLFRAMS SO-MEEKA. should be used when
suffering from Gas. Indigestion, Sour Stomach
and Bloatedness.

So. 10 per Small Box $0.01 War Trx

1. 00 per Lai ge Box 004

WOLFRAMS -MALTUM. to be used in place of Tea
or coffee, for assisting in getting a weak stomach
in good condition and building up the system.
$0.25 Per Package $5.00 22 packages

ST. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

114

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 15

— AN ACCOMPLISHMENT ^^^^

During National Catholic Press Month

Forty-One Thousand

New Subscriptions
to Catholic Periodicals

were secured by the O'Keeffe organization, National
Subscription Representatives for Catholic Periodicals

145-147-149 East 58th Street
Xy=j^\ NEW YORK CITY

John J. O'Keeffe & Co.

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars n m - lakes me pi | i>n ine iaie

SEGAR LOGIC

rpHE ordinary factory brand is first placed with the jobber. Then the manufacturer has to
■*- create a demand for that segar by putting out newspaper, magazine, or billboard advertis-
ing; after which, the missionary men get into the field, placing it with the retailer. They all
take a slice off Mr. Segar; after which, Mr. Segar's value properties are pretty well exhausted,
and Mr. Smoker gets what is left. The segar has, perhaps, been shipped two or three times
over the country, subjected to different climatic conditions, put into a show window, exposed
to the heat and dust, and bleached out by the sun. It is then placed "on a retail case and
offered to the public to smoke. What does the smoker get? Alfalfa, w;e say. It might just
as well be; for whatever flavor was there has long since evaporated, like so much gasoline
on a hot stone flagging in August.

Ifin ^7 8n SentPost Paid on Receipt of Monev Order or N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory. J"n <T/ nfl
IUU"4> I.OU pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mail 0U"'4>^.UU

Established 1866

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGE-
MENT, ETC.

required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912,
of the Fortnightly Review, published semi-monthly
at St. Louis, Mo., for April 1st, 1921.
City of St. Louis, / ss
State of Missouri, \

Before me, a notary public in and for the State
and City aforesaid, personally appeared Arthur
Preuss, who, having been duly sworn according to
law, deposes and says that he is the publisher and
editor of the Fortnightly Review and that the
following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief,
a true statement of the ownership, management, etc.,
of the aforesaid publication for the date shown in
the above caption, required by the Act of August
24, 1912, embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and
Regulations, to wit:

1. That the names and addresses of the publisher,
editor, managing editor, and business managers are-
Publisher, Arthur Preuss,

18 S. 6th Str., St. Louis, Mo.
Editor, same.
Business Manager, none.

2. Names and addresses of owners or stockholders
holding 1 per cent or more of the total amount of
stock:

Arthur Preuss, sole owner, 18 S. 6th St., St
Louis, Mo.

3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and
other security holders owing or holding 1 per cent
or more of total amount of bonds, mortages, or
other securities are:

None.

4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving
the names of the owners, stockholders, and security
holders, if any, contain not only the list of stock-
holders and security holders as they appear upon
the books of the company but also, in cases where
the stockholders or security holders appear upon
the books of the company as trustee or in any
other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or
corporation for whom such trustee is acting, is
given; also that the said two paragraphs contain
statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and
belief as to the circumstances and conditions under
which stockholders and security holders who do not
appear upon the books of the company trustees, hold
stock and securities in a capacity other than that of
a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to
believe that any other person, association, or cor-
porat'on has any interest direct or indirect in the
said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so
stated by him.

ARTHUR PREUSS, Pub. & Ed.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 26th day
of March, 1921.
(Seal) EUGENE J. SARTORIUS,

Notary Public.
(My Commission expires Sept. 19. 1924.)

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO.

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

April 15, 1921

The Wilsonian Index Expurgatorius
The Church is often criticized for her
Index of Forbidden Books. And yet
even her most bitter critics admit that
she has good reasons for protecting her
children against evil literature. The
same cannot be said for the "Wilsonian
Index Expurgatorius." as a writer to
the Freeman (No. $2) terms it. In ad-
dition to the Sermon on the Mount and
the Declaration of Independence, which
were prohibited during the war, Miss
Susan Ouackehbush writes to the Free-
man that Unity, a "liberal religious
weekly" published in Chicago, was also
on the aforementioned index. It is in-
teresting to note the lack of any justi-
fication for the application of the Es-
pionage Act .to this journal. After be-
ing unable to determine the reason for
the suppression of Unity, the editor, "in
sheer desperation, experimented with
three issues, two of which contained
practically nothing but a series of es-
says on Browning's 'Sordello,' written
by members of the editor's Browning
class, and a long 'Sordello' anthology,
while the third was made up almost en-
tirely of excerpts from current publica-
tions which had already passed through
the mails. Yet even these issues were
held up over a month before they were
released. Evidently there was some of-
ficial doubt as to Browning's eligibility
for the Index. There filtered through,
however, from unofficial sources, word
that among the articles which had at-
tracted the official blue-pencil were in-
cluded, besides the Beatitudes, the thir-
teenth chapter of Corinthians, Mark
Twain's famous jubilation over the fall
of monarchies, a chapter from a pamph-
let sold as a Red Cross benefit and
written by a faithful supporter of the
war, which set forth the crying evils
of our treatment of Indians, Negroes.
Filipinos and working-people — all of

these reprinted without comment of
any kind — and a copy of the postal
sections of the Espionage Act with the
official letter suspending the first issue
of Unity and a brief and colorless
statement that, though other issues had
been refused the mails, the paper would
be printed each week as usual."

And so the evidence continues to
pile up against the worst and most un-
reasonable autocracv in modern times.

A Word to the American Legion
The American Legion seems to be in-
capable of anything but partisanship.
It now cries "wolf," for lacking intel-
lectual discernment entirely it seems to
see the recrudescence of Teutonic pro-
paganda for two fell purposes : namely,
"the disruption of the accord which ex-
ists between the United States and its
Allies" and the creation of a powerful
national political machine, composed
of disloyal elements. And all this in the
presence here of representatives of
Allied governments, whose sole pur-
pose is foreign propaganda. France
is in a bad way financially and other-
wise. She desires American support for
indemnity exactions from Germany. If
the present occupation of the Rhineland
should lead to a German-Russian coup,
France would need considerable help
to organize and maintain that army of
four million which General Renaud
estimates would be necessary to break
up and destroy the hated bloc. More-
over Great Britain has proved herself
beyond a doubt superior to all other
peoples in the new art of propaganda.
And she has several decidedly blunt
axes to grind just now.

The American Legion would do well
to preserve themselves from a sub-
serviency to foreign interests, in com-
parison with which the effects of Ger-
man propaganda are as nil.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April li

A Sonnet for Broken Hearts

Bv'Charles J. Quirk, S.J.

How short is joy, and sorrow, ah, how long !

Truly must joy cry hail and then adieu;
Ere half begun, the triumph of its song

Wails to a dirgeful close; for well it knew,
Viewing around, all nature which to-day

Gains from fruition beauty, loveliness,
To-morrow sinks in death and in decay,

And leaves behind a memory's loneliness.

What then awaits sweet joys but woe and
loss?
Fleeing away we stand in mute despair
Betwixt past crosses and a future cross,

That ever looms athward the darkening air.
Ah, Christ has left Love's immemorial token,
For utter love His own great heart lies
broken.

Father Augustine's Commentary on
the New Code of Canon Law

Vol. VI of "A Commentary on the
New Code of Canon Law," by the Rev.
P. Charles Augustine, O.S.B., D.D.,
deals with Administrative Law (Canons
1154-1551). (B. Herder Book Co.).
It is always a source of joy to us to
receive a new volume by thi^ learned
Benedictine of Conception, Mo., who
was for nine years (1906-1915) the
professor of Canon Law at the Bene-
dictine University in Rome. We admire
his great capacity for work ; in about
twenty-eight months he has given us
six volumes (2876 pages) of his Com-
mentary. When we consider the vast
and manifold learning contained in his
volumes, we are easily convinced that
this son of St. Benedict is presenting
to the English-speaking clergy, in a
palatable and easily digestible form, the
fruits of his long professorship and of
the years preparatory to the same. We
hope God will continue to give him ex-
traordinary zeal and health, so that he
may continue to spread the knowledge
of the laws of the Church among the
English-speaking peoples, and thus,
modulo suo, follow in the footprints of
that other Benedictine, Augustine, of
long ago.

The present volume treats of the
Third Book of the Code, excepting the
Pars Prima, which was commented on
in the two preceding .volumes. We find

the same fluent style, the same vasti
erudition, and the same brevity exhib-,
ited in the other volumes. The author^
historical sketches not only betoken his-i
deference to the decree of the Congre-;
gation of Seminaries and Studies (Aug.:
7, 1917), but also lend charm to hisft
commentary. His remarks on conditions,,
domestic and foreign, at times amuse, \
at times inform. On page 212 he says:jt
"Some of our country churches would;
be as silent as a grave without the ,
voices of women singers," and on page;
205 he tells us that the Church permits
the men in China to wear caps in church,
because the wearing of a cap is there a I
sign of respect. His remarks on Canon |i
1184, concerning trustees, may interest!
some pastors of old-fashioned country
churches, whereas his exposition of I
Canon 1264, concerning church music,
ought to interest a goodly number of |
pastors of up-to-date city parishes. The 1
remarks on Canon 1386, which forbids
clerics, both secular and religious, to
publish books on profane subjects and
to write for newspapers and periodicals
without the consent of the local Ordi-
nary, are far more timely, we dare say,
than note 8 on Canon 1406, which in-
forms pastors that they are not obliged
to make the prescribed profcssio fidei
before the people on the day of their
installation. The exposition of canons
1250-1254, on fasting and abstinence,
will be welcome to most readers.

Perhaps the most important part of
the present volume for the general
reader is contained in pages 428 to 484.
Many pious and loyal children of the
Church seem to act on the hypothesis
that the entire ecclesiastical legislation
concerning books is confined to the In-
dex. The famous Constitution of Leo
XIII : "Ofnciorum ac munerum," of
January 25, 1897, did not exert among
English-speaking people the influence
which might have been desired. This
part of our volume gives a commentary
on the canons concerning books and
will spread the knowledge of these im-
portant laws in places where the above-
named Constitution did not enter. Our
author adds canon 2318, which forbids
some books under pain of excommuni-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

117

cation. He gives a translation, but, we
regret to say, no commentary. We hope
|(e has reserved this commentary for a
future volume. This canon is not pre-
cisely the same law contained in the
Rpostolicae Sedis" and later in the
JOfficiorum ac munerum." We do not
think that canon 1384, §2, applies to
canon 2318.

In note 40, page 477, we miss the
names of Kittel, Nestle, and von Soden.
The assertion, on page 467, that all
the books of the New Testament were
composed in Greek, ought to be changed
somewhat. A consideration of the tradi-
tion up to the time of Erasmus, of the
opinion of the majority of Catholic
savants, and of the decision of the
Biblical Commission of June 19, 1911,
will, we hope, effect this alteration. The
great desideratum, however, of this
volume, as also of those that preceded,
is a comprehensive index rem m. \\ e
hope that Father Augustine will give us
such an index at the end of his final
volume and that his work will one day
be the standard reference-work on the
New Code among English-speaking
priests.

(Rev.) A. B. Lager, D. D.

Mr. Lansing's Book

Ex-Secretary Lansing's book, "The
Peace Negotiations" (Houghton Miff-
lin Co. ) is not only a disappointment,
it is disillusionment. The title chosen
is utterly misleading. The author does
not even pretend to write about the
Peace Conference. The book is merely
a brief in his own defense. With the
world face to face with the question
whether civilization has not been
brought to its doom through the war
and the iniquitous treaty of Versailles,
Mr. Lansing, as one of the chief actors
in the tragedy, sits himself down to
answer "Mr. Wilson's implied charge
that I was not loyal to him as pres-
ident." Who cares a fig whether he was
or not? On most points, to be sure,
in his disagreements with the pres-
ident, our sympathies must be with Mr.
Lansing, notably on the question of
secret diplomacy and the issue of

Shantung. But even on these matters
one cannot help feeling that Mr.
Lansing's championship of justice and
fair play took the form of entries in
his diary rather than courageous oppo-
sition to what he believed to be wrong.
On the subject of secret diplomacy, for
example, he spoke mildly to the Pres-
ident on January 29 ; his only other
protest was four eloquent notes in his
diary, which he gives us in full. Simi-
larly his opposition to the proposed
treat)- with France was confided ex-
clusively to his diary. Of the reparation
question, which was the great outstand-
ing issue at the Conference, he makes
not a single mention. The picture that
one gets is not of a valiant soldier
fighting for justice, but of a lesser
Achilles sulking in his tent — and writ-
ing in his diary.

A Correction

To the Editor:

I notice a reclame about DomEustine,
O. S. B., in the F. R., in which Dom
Mocquereau is named as "author of the
Vatican Edition of the Gregorian chant
books." This statement has been made
so often within the last year that it is
well to correct it, in justice to the Ven.
Benedictine Dom Joseph Pothier, O.
S. B., President of the Pontifical Com-
mission on Gregorian Chant, who is
alone responsible for the official edi-
tion of the chant. Dom Mocquereau
and his followers withdrew from the
Commission at the end of one year,
which had been consumed in the prep-
aration of the Ordinarinm Missae
or Kyriale. Since that time the relations
between the members of the Pontifical
Commission and the Benedictine
Fathers of Solesmes have been rather
strained, as their respective organs
Rente du Chant Gregoricn (Dom Po-
thier) and La Rente Gregorienne (So-
lesmes) show in almost every issue.
Joseph Ottex

Pittsburgh, Pa.

—You are interested in the advertisements
r.f others that appear in the Review. Don't
you think others would he interested in

118

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Apiil 15 1 '

Criticising the Holy See

The Literary Digest of March 26th
published a number of excerpts from
Catholic as well as Protestant papers
and periodicals on "Why the Pope
Banned the Y.M.C.A." Some Catholic
writers, it appears, attempt to mini-
mize the significance of the circular
letter of the Holy Office on that sub-
ject, while, as was to be expected, the
comment of non-Catholic publications
is unfavorable. The Vancouver Daily
Sun styles the letter a call to a holy
war; the Christian Century declares,
that "a new attitude to Protestantism
is appearing in papal lands, and the
Congregationalist says, that it is now
too late to put a ban on any kind of
fraternizing with organizations and in-
stitutions without the pale of the
Church of Rome. But La Gazette, a
"liberal" Catholic organ of Belgium,
outshines them all when it says that
"the 'Y' worries some well-thinking
people, who claim the monopoly of all
beneficence," and expresses its belief
that "intelligent Catholics will despise
such narrowness."

By this expression the Belgian editor
proves his ignorance of the doings of
the Y.M.C.A. and demonstrates that his
Catholicity is not worth the having. It
would be better for the Church if such
"liberal'' Catholics were eliminated
from her pale. The Constitution of the
"Y" declares that the principal work
of the organization is of a religious
nature, and this very fact condemns
the "Y" as a religious body. Since it
cannot have a specific kind of religion
for the members of different forms
of Christianity, it must have only one
kind for all the members, no matter
which Church they happen to belong
to. and this must of necessity lead to
religious indifference, which amounts
to practical infidelity.

It seems that in the opinion of some
"liberal" Catholics, as of non-Catholics
generally, the Holy See is no longer to
be permitted to safeguard the faith and
morals of its children. The "Y" has
been built up by collections and drives,
including Catholic and Jewish money'

and still it disfranchises the young men
of both these beliefs. For the rea- '
sons given, i. e., the spirit of narrow-
mindedness exhibited in the exclusion
of Catholics and Jews from full mem-
bership and because of the danger of
religious indifference, we have spoken
and written against this Association for
years, and now speaks the one whose
voice must be heard and obeyed by all
who look upon him as the Vicar of
Christ.

As a certain Bishop wrote to us the
other day, it remains to be seen what
action will be taken in response to the
papal warning by those to whom the
circular letter of Cardinal Merry del
Val was primarily addressed, namely,
the bishops. Meanwhile, in obedience
to the Holy See, which merely empha-
sizes the natural law in this matter, our
Catholic young men should be kept out
of all organizations that threaten to
destroy the sacred heritage of the faith.
And no doubt thev will, because the
great majority of them are, after all,
unwilling to barter their faith for a
mess of pottage. Fr. A. B. '
~~S>— .

The Apocalypse of Albert Pike

To the Editor:

I see from Xo. 6 of the F. R. that,
according to Past Grand Master "Wil-
son of Nebraska, the late Albert Pike
was the author of at least thirty vol-
umes of Masonic literature. No doubt
the reference is to printed books. No
"cowan" and very few privileged Ma-
sons know that, besides these printed
books, the late "Supreme Pontiff of
l niversal Freemasonry" (died in
1803) also wrote a Masonic parody of
tlit Vpocalypse of St. John, under the
mystic title "Apadno." The manuscript
was never printed. Some hold it was
not the work of Pike, but a compilation
by Kabbalist Jews. This does not, how-
ever, diminish its value as a Masonic
document, for undoubtedly Pike lent
to it his name and authority.

I will quote some passages from the
"Apadno" regarding the "Son of Per-
dition" or Antichrist.

"The time will be computed since

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

119

the day when the 'Most High above the
High' L Satan, according to Manichaean
dogma J will have a daughter amongst
the children of men [a parody of tne
Immaculate Virgin Mary] .... Seven
years less nine days before the third
cannon shot [Masonically, the capture
of Rome, 1870] there will be born,
from a northern woman, a daughter
full of wisdom. Her father will be the
holy [satanical] spirit, working by
means of a just man. It is from her
that will proceed the man of whom the
double name will mean 666 [a parody
of St. John's Apocalypse, XIIl, 18J.
Thirty years will pass. Then the wise
daughter will give birth, not from a
man, but from a spirit of light [a
demon], to a daughter, of whom no-
body will be able to read the name.
Her father will be the Leopard [Apoc.
XIIl, 2] with griffin's wings, the chief
of the seventy legions. Another thirty-
three years will pass. Then the Leopard
will give birth to a daughter, of whom
the name will be read only by the elect
of Baal-Zebul and Astarte [Phenician
gods]. The father of this daughter will
be the king whose face is a star, the
chief of thirty legions. Another thirty
years will pass, and then Mikael will
gnash his teeth [sic!], and from the
star- faced king's daughter will be born
the man of whom the double name will
be 666. This man will have no father,
but will be born as an infant, like the
children of men [a parody of the virgin
birth of Christ] . . . .Thus will be born
the vanquisher of the world, who will
have as mother, grandmother, and great
grandmother three pre-elect girls who
wiil be virgins. And he will appear in
public at the age of thirty-three years
[a parody of Christ]."

I am not quoting; these inanities for
mere curiosity, but to show that Ter-
tullian was right when he called the
devil the ape of God (Satan simius
Dei) and that Leo XIII was right
when, in his last encyclical against
Freemasonry, on March 19, 1902, he
said that Masonry is filled with the
spirit of Satan, who, according to the
Apostle, knows how to transform him-
self into an angel of light.

L. Hacault

"The International Jew"

It is to be regretted that Mr. Henry
Ford's Dearborn Independent, in its ex-
position of "The International Jew"
(being a reprint of a series of articles
appearing in the Dearborn Independent
from May 22 to Oct. 2, 1920), lays
itself open to the charge of handling
a delicate subject uncritically. In spite
of all the attestations to the contrary —
and there may be sufficient explanation
for them — in the press, liiere is a strong-
undercurrent of feeling against a
people who have not always been found
in the best business company or used
the fairest means of business dealings.
The Dearborn series of articles un-
doubtedly give expression to a common
though suppressed feeling. They will,
however, give no help toward a solu-
tion of the problem, in so far as that
were possible by means of publicity.

"The International Jew" is an un-
critical and poorly authenticated bit of
writing. Chapter X, for example, deal-
ing with "An Introduction to the 'Jew-
ish Protocols,' " is particularly open to
this grave charge. The much discussed
point concerning the authenticity of
"The Protocols of the Learned Elders
of Zion," is brought no nearer to a
satisfactory solution, although many
conclusions are based on these docu-
ments. Moreover, so valuable a work
as Sombart's "Die Juden und das Wirt-
schaftsleben" is merely referred to,
without exact references being given,
although it is clear that this author had
a considerable influence on the Dear-
born staff. And in the end it is doubt-
ful whether a satisfactory solution for
the mysteriousness of the wandering
Jew can be found without taking into
account the terrible self-imposed curse :
"His blood be upon us and upon our
children."

— "A Case of Demoniacal Possession," a
recent Ave Maria pamphlet, deserves favor-
able notice for its attempt to modernize, as
it were, the gospel narrative of possession.
The skepticism of our day, even among
Catholics, is only too ready to ascribe "in-
sanity" as the cause of the biblical cases. A
more recent American example, thoroughly
documented, would probably have been more
effective.

120

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 15

Our Catholic Schools of Commerce

and Finance
To the Editor:

The question so often asked by Cath-
olics: "Does the parochial school justify
itself?" should he seriously propounded
as concerning also our so-called
Catholic universities. If this were done,
not with a view to discovering a justi-
fication for the continuance of such in-
stitutions, for such undoubtedly exists,
but with a view to discovering- some
fundamental weaknesses, beneficial re-
sults could no doubt be attained. Let us
consider, for instance, the department
usually called "Commerce and Fi-
nance."

Our best Catholic authorities are one
on the proposition that the system of
individualistic Capitalism under which
we are laboring, is a real and terrible
evil. To what extent do these depart-
ments combat this philosophically un-
sound and industrially destructive order
of society? Is there a concerted effort
to point out the fallacies of the present
order, to say nothing of presenting a
concept of the new society which lies
buried for the nonce in that great bodv
of Catholic tradition which is at once
the repository and the regenerator of
all that is and has been good in the
civilization of the last twenty centu-
ries? In short, are our Catholic schools
of Commerce and Finance merely
teaching the mechanics of business and
commerce under Capitalism, or are
the}', in addition, preparing the minds
of their pupils to be a help rather than
a hindrance in the transition from
Capitalism to some other juster and
fairer system?

Here and there undoubtedly sound
courses in Catholic sociology are given
to offset the prevailing traditions of
commerce and finance. For the most
part, however, we fear there is nothing
done in a constructive way. Most of our
schools of Commerce and Finance are
thoroughly capitalistic in spirit and
often enough a tool by means of which
the support of local business interests
is won for the entire institution. Cath-
olic capitalists, whose influence is just

as deleterious as any other, have been
and are the leading supporters. Lay-
teachers, both Catholic and non-Catho-
lic, who are steeped in the prevailing-
traditions, are indiscriminately used ou
the teaching staffs. All in all such de-
partments are just as bad in their guid-
ing genius as the most dyed-in-the-wool
secular schools and it is, therefore, dif-
ficult to see how they can justify their
existence.

The objection that a course in Cath-
olic philosophy is a sufficient anti-toxin
for the current sociological and econo-
mic heresies will hardly hold water.
In the first place, it has not been the
universal practice to include philosophy
in the ordinary college courses. More-
over, even if such were the common
and praiseworthy practice, it would not
be sufficient, as may be seen from the
fact that the great clerical body in Am-
erica is not, for the most part, striving
against Capitalism, but rather co-oper-
ating with it. It might be further ob-
jected that such departments could not
be maintained in the face of the en-
sconced and prevailing traditions and
the necessity of pandering to the local
moneyed representatives of the same.
This is a real practical difficulty, which.
gets us at once into a pretty cul-de-sac.
Immediately the question arises, in
what sense may we continue to propa-
gate a system which of its very nature
begets social injustice for the sole pur-
pose of maintaining other questionable
departments, such as journalism and
engineering? It is finally objected that
the occasional spiritual care of Catholic
students by means of yearly retreats
and sodalities justifies such departments.
This may be, but we then have the
strange anomaly that we inculcate the
precepts of justice and charity in the
college chapel and foster a system that
begets injustice in the class-room.

We will not attempt to answer these
objections, some of which are certain-
ly worthy of consideration. Xor is an
answer necessary. The indubitable first
fact remains. For the most part Cath-
olic Schools of Commerce and Finance
are not conscious of the evils of the

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

121

system they are propagating and furth-
ering. They have impaled themselves on
the strange paradox of a Catholic
school begetting disciples of social in-
justice. F. T.
—<s>— .

Congregational Singing
In an audience granted by Pope
Pius X to Cardinal Mercier, in 1907.
the Holy Father expressed his satis-
faction at the active participation of
the faithful in the singing of the liturg-
ical texts, which the Cardinal had in-
troduced into his diocese, and closed
the interview with the declaration that
the surest means of preserving the
faithful from religious indifference is
to give them an active part in religious
worship. To bring this about, the
Cardinal had ordained that Plain Chant
be taught to the children, boys and girls
alike, in the primary schools of his
diocese. In order to bring this rule into
practice, and to insure its regular exe-
cution, an hour and a half every week
was to be devoted to the Chant from
the beginning of the school year. All
the children, boys and girls, were taught
to sing as well as to pray aloud in
church. The children were thus led
gradually to an understanding of the
Church's calendar and liturgy, a knowl-
edge proper to our system of education.
Liturgical congregational singing was
an institution dear to the heart of the
saintly author of the Motu Proprio on
Church Music. ''Special efforts,'' he
writes, "are to be made to restore the
use of the Gregorian Chant by the peo-
ple, so that the faithful may again take
a more active part in the ecclesiastical
office, as was the case in ancient times."
As far back as 1866. the Fathers of the
Second Council of Baltimore, realizing
the special conditions in this country,
suggested the very means bv which to
reach the end intended bv Pius X. They
proposed a measure which, had it been
universally adopted at the time, would
h.ave put us in a position to carrv out
the Holy Father's orders the very day
thev were issued. YVe would indeed
have forestalled these very orders by
means of the measures then recom-
mended, as follows : "We consider it
very desirable that the elements of

Gregorian Chant be taught and exer-
cised in the parochial schools." What
wonderful congregational singing we
would have today in our churches, had
this law been put into effect, and dili-
gently lived up to, these many years?
How much more piously and intelli-
gently would our Catholic people now
assist at Holy Mass, had they, during
these long years, imbibed the spirit of
the Chant and of the sacred liturgy,
through the constant repetition of its
strains Sunday after Sunday.

It is not too late to correct the evil
and conform to the mandates of the
Motu Proprio. Vocal music has be-
come one of the regular branches of
the school curriculums. Aside from
its artistic value as an educational fac-
tor, it is hardly equalled and certainly
not surpassed by any of the other acces-
sory branches of study, in developing
the children's power of observation.
Thus, from an educational standpoint,
we cannot begrudge the time given tc
this study. During the primary school
years of the child, it is possible to mas-
ter thoroughly the entire repertoire of
church music, masses, vespers, psalms,
and hymns. In this way, in a few years,
we shall have prepared an unending
supply of available material for our
choirs. As the children of today be-
come the congregation of tomorrow,
we shall have provided, not only choirs.
but that congregational singing so
earnestly desired by the Holy Father.
The solution of the entire problem lies
in the parochial schools. It is the best,
if not the onlv way of reaching: a per-
manent and effective reform. To Avhat
purpose are our great churches and our
well equipped schools, if we neglect the
very act of worship itself, to which
these things are but a setting, and if
that alone be left a contrast and a con-
tradiction to the care so generously
lavished on its surroundings and acces-
sories? What we have achieved so far
for the organization of religion and of
education, we can also achieve in this
undertaking.

(Rev.) F. Tosepti Kelly

— Tf you do not bind your Review, hand
the copies to others after you have read them.

122

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 15

Efficiency

The much neglected Dr. Brownson
once laid down a canon of true criti-
cism, which we here quote as represent-
ing the norm the Fortnightly Review
strives to make its own. "To compre-
hend a system rightly," remarked "the
American Newman," "is not simply to
detect its errors. We understand not
even an erroneous system till we un-
derstand its truth. And its refutation
lies not so much in detecting and ex-
posing its fallacies, as in detecting, dis-
tinguishing and accepting the truth
which it misapprehends, misinterprets,
or misapplies."

We therefore take great pleasure
in acknowledging the worth while
achievements of Mr. Taylor, mentioned
by an esteemed critic, who in a letter
takes . issue with the article entitled
"The Efficiency Craze" in our March
i st issue. No one with the slightest in-
dustrial experience can ever forget
that the name of Taylor is inseparably
linked among other things with the
development of the so-called high speed
steels, the scientific grinding of metal-
cutting tools, and the proper speeds at
which metal could be economically cut
under the changed conditions.

But this is far from constituting the
efficiency systems which have become
so prevalent during the past decade.
The modern capitalistic form of in-
dustry is exceedingly inefficient in the
use of men, means, and materials. This
is contrary to the popular opinion, but
it is a well recognized fact among tech-
nicians. The various efficiency systems,
which usually are proud to' consider
Mr. Taylor as their high priest, are but
the expression of the recognition of
this state of industry and an attempt to
remedy it. Their efforts may be divided
into those affecting the materials and
machines and those dealing with men
as workmen using these materials and
machines. The former must be judged
entirely on their merits. It is with the
latter that we are here chiefly con-
cerned.

In the first place we put down that

the Efficiencyites are wrong in their at-
tempt to remedy a system which is fun-
damentally unsound. Capitalism cannot
be much longer shored up by any tim-
ber, much less the efficiency variety,
which has unfortunately been so often
identified with the present regime.
Secondly, these doctors are awry in
their manner of procedure. The editor
of "Ettco," who was originally quoted
by us, charged them with subordinating
the man to the machine. Who can deny
this when he recalls the motion and
time studies to which workmen are sub-
jected, much as the engineer and scien-
tist are making photo-elastic and mo-
tion studies of the internal stress and
movements of the members of struc-
tures.

But more than this. We charge that
this is placing the production of ma-
terial things first and the happiness of
the human beings producing them
second. In other words, life to-day is
lived for the express purpose of pro-
ducing! "Must all the canvas on which
are painted the pictures of the world
be made into flour sacks, and all our
monuments broken up to macadamize
our roads?" No! Men work inefficient-
ly to-day because they are being made
into machines as fast as this dehuman-
izing process can make them. But not
for long. They have the inconvenient
habit of remembering their human
compost with its aspirations, ideals, and
desires. Then come disinterestedness,
resentment, slacking, and even sabot-
age. This is the mental history of the
vast majority of workers at the present
moment. Should we then help the pro-
cess by further identification of man.
with the machine and his obliteration?
Let us rather identify the producer and
entrepreneur, which arrangement is
psychologically adequate in that it will
satisfy the normal human desires for
possession, self-expression, and se-
curity.

These new disciples have gone even
farther than this and in one instance
at least proclaimed that the doctrines
of efficiency "set forth a morality and
provide measures for its attainment."

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

123

(Going in the Introduction to Emer-
son's "Twelve Principles of Efficiency."
p. ii). But in this we feel that they have
taken themselves far more seriously
than the results subsequently warrant-
ed. However, it remains as an indict-
ment to a system which has had its
vogue because of the prevailing ma-
terialistic and evolutionary ideas. Mr.
G. Sterling Taylor, in "The Guild
State," graphically depicts the modern
delusion. "The desire for speed," he
says, "is but the expression of the mod-
ern man's determination to value
everything in terms of quantity instead
of quality. If he can have two of any-
thing, he feels himself infinitely better
than if he only has one.. . . He thinks
Chicago is so many times better than
Canterbury because there are so many
times more people in it ; and so many
multiple times the possibility of making
money in it. . . . In short, it is a philo-
sophy of multiples; there is only one
test "for everything — the multiplication
table. That is the creed. His questions
can only be answered in terms of quan-
tity, of space, of velocity. He prefers
the last part of the multiplication table
to the beginning, for it talks about big-
ger numbers."

Mr. Chesterton once wisely said that
a sign of our deplorable inefficiency
was the voluminous chatter about ef-
ficiency. Some day in the not distant
future, when men will be at work in
a proper industrial society, human hap-
piness and welfare will be first, pro-
duction second, and "efficiency" not at
all.

When Shall We Get a True History
of the War?

In answer to this question Dr. W. C.
Abbott, professor of history at Yale
University, writes :

We have already a series of histories
of the external facts of the conflict —
Doyle, Simonds, the war histories
issued by Thomas Nelson's Sons, by
the New York Times and the Literary
Digest, with single volumes like those
of March and the textbook writers who
have hurried into the field. We have,
besides these, monographs like Bassett's

account of the share of the U. S. in the
conflict and McPherson's description
of the strategy of the war. There are
already in print the reports and memoirs
of many commanders, French, Haig,
Beatty, Jellicoe, of Gourko, and espe-
cially of the German leaders, who, like
the French generals forty years ago,
have scarcely awaited the issue of the
struggle to take to the pen. These, the
narratives of Ludendorff in particular,
of Falkenhayn, Hindenburg, and Tirpitz
are of the greatest value to the historian
of the war, not only for the facts which
they contain, but for an insight into
what lies behind those facts. To these
may be added the reports of the various
"investigations" carried on by govern-
ments, especially those of Great Britain
and the United States, regarding the
conduct of the war in general or par-
ticular parts of it. These, however con-
flicting and various, shed much light.
There are, besides, accounts of specific
actions or movements — the Dardanelles,
which has been more written about than
any single episode ; the blocking of Zee-
briigge, the Mesopotamian adventure,
the defence of Verdun, the battles of
the Marne and of the Somme. The
historical sections of the general staffs
are already at work planning, collecting
and classifying material, and even writ-
ing "official" history. In view of all this
extraordinarv activitv it might seem
that it would not be long until we had
at least the beginnings of a real history
of the war.

Yet the experience of the past is
against any prospect of reaching that
stage soon. In the first place the strug-
gle was too vast, there were too manv
men, nations, and interests involved,
and their activities were so interdepen-
dent that it will be long before their
precise doings see the light of print,
and still longer before it is clear just
what effect their separate or conjoint
movement and policies produced. We
are likely to have the facts long before
we are able to perceive just what they
mean — for historv is not merely the
accumulation of heaps of unrelated
facts ! Yet the production of the evi-
dence is the first step in the case and it
is easv to see that there are certain

124

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 15

extraordinary elements in the problem.
For certain governments have collapsed,
others have just come into being, and
still others have fallen into new hands.
Nor are we at the end, nor do we know
whether much of the most valuable
material is still in existence, or whether
it has been destroyed. For there is
every reason to believe that, as in all
such periods, many papers are too valu-
able to be preserved ! —

So when we consider that before we
can have a really truthful and complete
history of the war we must obtain the
dispatches, the orders, the innumerable
documents relating to the conflict from
half the nations of the earth; that to
these we must join those memoirs and
diaries and private papers of leaders in
every land, many of which will certain-
ly not appear in their owner's lifetime ;
that each considerable episode and many
minor ones must be the subject of many
monographs ; and that this inconceiv-
ably huge mass of material must be
sifted and synthesized and compressed
and interpreted — and finally turned into
narrative comprehensible to its readers ;
when we consider this we may well
hesitate to set a period for its accom-
plishment. Certainly this generation is
not likely to have what may be fairly
regarded as a full and accurate history
of the war.

And finally there is another element
of truth — it is time. For even if we
had the evidence all in hand at this
moment we would lack two things,
perspective and the knowledge of how
the world will be affected by the great
conflict. These in the last resolution
of events are scarcely less important to
the elucidation of the truth than the
facts themselves — for they too are
facts. And while we have already a
tolerably accurate outline of the external
events of the military operations and
know approximately what happened,
even if we do not know how and why;
and while another generation will have
a sound military history, it is not proba-
ble that that generation will have
plumbed the depths of the causes, and
above all the effects of the conflict and
determined its "place in history."

Forty Years of Missionary Life
in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.
{Twenty-ninth Installment)

In our days prohibition has become natio-
nal. Numerous Americans consider them-
selves models of virtue and morality as long
as they do not use any alcoholic drinks. Even
among some Christians this seems to be re-
garded as the crown of Christian morality.
Still it is a fact that the worst criminals
and the most unscrupulous gamblers are,
and usually have to be, total abstainers. They
can not afford to risk a condition in which
they might "give themselves away." That the
virtue of temperance consists in the moderate
use of things is overlooked by the fanatics.
Thirty years ago this movement was con-
fined to a few States. In some, like Arkansas,
certain towns and counties had prohibition
through local option. In the spring of 1890
such a movement became very strong in and
around Pocahontas. Even the young Sisters
of the Benedictine Convent were drawn into
the conflict. A St. Louis paper, the Hcrold
des Glaubens, published the following com-
munication from Pocahontas : "In our small
town people went on the 'war-path' about
New Year's. At the last county election about
1700 men voted for licensing the liquor trade,
and about 300 against, and therefore we have
had two saloons since. They were conducted
in a peaceful and orderly manner, and no
serious fight or murder took place during the
whole time. Nevertheless, a number of people
were not satisfied. They sent around a pe-
tition for local option, in order that no saloon
should be allowed within three miles of the
Methodist church. With unheard-of boldness
the prohibition amazons patrolled the streets,
and with glib tongues, many tears, coy
glances, and other feminie tricks, tried to
win young and old for their cause. Some
of our people, too, were caught and three
of them became zealous helpers for prohibi-
tion. Repeatedly committees visited the con-
vent of the Benedictine Sisters and tried to
induce or force them, by means of flattery
and arguments, nay, even threats, to sign the
petition for prohibition. The Mother Su-
perior refused to do this, pointing out that
the Sisters did not take part in public affairs.
According to the law the Sisters were then.
to be counted with the majority, and the ma-
jority had voted for license. The prohibi-
tionists would not have this. They contended
the Sisters should not be counted at all, as
they were neither inhabitants nor citizens.
Lawyer Lomax remarked that the sister?
may not lie inhabitants or citizens, etc., 'but
we all know," lie said, 'that they are pure and
noble ladies, who remain at home, are very
industrious, and mind their own affairs.' He
alluded to the numerous women who, for-
getting their house and kitchen work, roamed
about in the public highways and byways."

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

125

All this was of no avail; the court insisted
that the inmates of the convent had to ap-
pear at the court house. Then began a fierce
debate; the men, — lawyers, doctors and
others, — quarreled and argued, and it looked
as if a general fight and shooting would en-
sue. Finally, the opponents of the resolution
succeeded in obtaining the privilege that the
Mother Superior might appear alone for the
whole convent. Thereupon Mother Beatrice
was called, and a torturing cross-examination
began, through which it was hoped to en-
trap her. But her answers were all so clear
and striking that friends and foes were unan-
imous in saying that the lawyers did not
equal her in logic and argument. There was
to my knowledge not one Catholic present
at the court house. One of the leading mer-
chants, Luke Imboden, told me that the
Mother Superior was as dignified as a queen,
and her answers were so quiet and to the
point that she seemed to be possessed of
more brains than the whole court. Her de-
fense was such that they were glad to let
her go back to the convent. There always
have been men among the Protestants in
Pocahontas, who took upon themselves the
protection and defense of Catholic citizens,
especially immigrants, and who showed
great respect for the priests and sisters.

When I was called upon as a citizen to
work on the streets, some doctors pointed
out in court that I might be called to a sick
patient at any time, and that, as a priest, I
should be excused from such work, just as
the doctors were. The leader in protecting
and defending Catholic interests was Dr. I.
C. Esselman, a Presbyterian, who later be-
came a Catholic with his whole family. To
the general sorrow of the people of Poca-
hontas, and especially of the Catholics, this
philanthropic man died, February 7th, that
year, almost immediately after this extra-
ordinary court affair concerning prohibition.

As sunshine follows rain, after the stormy
days at the beginning of 1890, there followed
days of joy and consolation for the convenl
of Pocahontas and the Catholic community.
On the 28th of February, Mass was said for
the first time in the new chapel of Maria-
Stein Convent, and at that service the first
two novices made their profession. They
were Sisters Mary Aloysia Unterberger and
Mary Anselma Wuersch, both from the
canton of Unterwalden, Switzerland. Sister
Mary Aloysia has served two terms as pri-
oress and Sister Mary Anselma has been
sub-prioress. At the same time seventeen
candidates took the habit of St. Benedict. I
acted as representative of Bishop Fitzgerald.
Great was our joy; great especially was the
exultation of the four sisters whom Abbot
Frowin had sent to establish the convent.
Mother Beatrice and her three companions
had made untold sacrifices for this under-
taking. Where the most courageous would
have faltered, they kept up courage and per-

severed. "Today salvation has come to this
house," was the jubilant key-note in every-
body's heart, when hearing the young Sisters
sing the praises of God in their new chapel.
That community will never forget its duty
of gratitude to Mother Beatrice, who with
rare skill and extraordinary energy inducted
those young ladies into the monastic life,
laying a deep foundation through her solid
instructions in the religious life, and at the
same time never neglecting their education
as teachers and workers. Most of them had
received a solid education at home, but they
had first to learn the language of this coun-
try before they could make their training
profitable. As soon as they could understand
English sufficiently, the different branches
were repeated in English. In this way a num-
ber of them passed successful examinations
as public-school teachers.

Chapter XV
THE CHURCH IN PARAGOULD. -

FATHER PIUS, O.S.B.— CATHOLIC
STATE CONVENTION.— POPLAR
BLUFF, MO.— FATHER McQAID

In 1890 the Catholic church in Paraerould
was built. In Mav I celebrated Mass in it
for the first time. The Herold, of St. Louis,
on May 22nd said : "Last Sunday Rev. J. E.
Weibel held the first services in our fine
new church. It is 46x30 feet, with a tower
about 60 feet high. A sanctuary, 18x20 feet,
is planned for later. Our congregation is still
quite small, but has everything paid for.
The church is situated in town, but not in
the business section. We oaid $300 for the
lot. We have a very good choir and lusty
singers, amongst whom Mr. Nicholas Staudt.
with his excellent sons, takes the most prom-
inent place. We also have several good or-
ganists. In the town itself there is great
building activity, and the factories seem to
be running day and night. As the church
is not yet plastered, and has no bells, we do
not know how soon it can be blessed."

That same church is still being used by the
large congregation, but has since received an
addition of a sanctuary, much larger than
originally planned.

As already remarked, the churches at
Doniphan, Gatewood, and Poplar Bluff, in
Missouri, were attended for some time by
the priest at Pocahontas, who made all these
trips on horseback. Later the Archbishop of
St. Louis succeeded in getting the Benedic-
tines from St. Vincent's Abbey, in Pennsyl-
vania, to attend those places. These Fathers
also acted as extraordinary confessors for
the Sisters of Pocahontas.

The relations between the priests and the
Catholic people in Arkansas at that time
were very cordial. For the great feast days
wagon loads of Missouri Catholics from Al-
ton and Ripley counties, especially from the
"Irish Wilderness," would come to Poca-

126

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 15

hontas to celebrate. Some put up with
friends, others would sleep in their wagons,
and the priest always kept a side room of
the church ready for them to stay over night.

(To be continued)

— ^— .

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

— This was found in an editorial of a "re-
spectable" daily recently : "Arrange with
Destiny. Whatever God you believe in, be
friends with him. Whatever your view of the
cosmos, adjust yourself to it. So shall life
be passed with some sense of satisfaction,
and death be entered upon not without
hope." The Son of Man spoke about "blind
leaders of the blind" and predicted a fatal
end for both.

— Missouri's literary glory is being en-
hanced by Miss Sara Teasdale. In her latest
collection of poems, "Flame and Shadow,"
she continues to sing sweetly, shaping her
tones to recognized forms, without in any
way losing in quality. She is apparently ob-
livious to the tremendous war of words that
is being waged by the vers librists and their
opponents, and who will say that she is not
gaining thereby? In comparison with Amy
Lowell, for example, Miss Teasdale is clear-
ly superior.

—One reads through Catholic Book Notes,
London, with something of deep regret that
we have not its equivalent in this country.
This modest little literary review is excellent
and a worthy critical mouth-piece of a great
organization. If its services could be ex-
tended to give judicious estimates of the
more worthy non-Catholic publications in
the principal fields of intellectual life, it
would be literally invaluable. As it is, English
Catholics have a worthy guide to their litera-
ture, while we have none to ours.

— In the Catholic Historical Review for
January, the Rev. Joseph Dunn discusses in
a lengthy and learned paper "The Brendan
Problem." He gives a general survey of the
results so far achieved by historical research
in regard t the life of St. Brendan and
points out some of the problems which still
await solution, expressing the hope that some
student may thereby be induced to do what
the distinguished Franciscan, Father John
Colgan had planned to do in the seventeenth
century, namely, to examine the legend
afresh and bring together in one comprehen-
sive volume all the sources and all the
legends and associated myths bearing upon
St. Brendan in all the vernaculars of Europe.
Fr. Dunn's own opinion in regard to the
alleged discovery of America bv St. Brendan
is, that it has not been proved, but even if
he was not the discoverer of America, his
story was one of the moving causes that led
Columbus to the New World.

—Stead's Magazine (Melbourne. Austra-
lia), estimates that over ten million Ger-

mans will be obliged to emigrate in order
to find fields of employment denied them
in the present diminished Germany. Since the
U. S. and the British dominions "foolishly
refuse to allow German immigrants to set
foot on their territories," they must go to
South America or to Russia. High steamship
fares exclude all but the well-to-do from the
journey to the South Atlantic countries. Con-
sequently, a majority will go to Russia,
which is likely to be developed by German
science and labor, and thus to become under
German tutelage "the dominating country in
the old world."

— Father Zephyrin Engelhardt. O.F.M., in
the Franciscan Herald, upholds the authen-
ticity and genuineness of Benavides's report
concerning the miraculous flights of Ven.
Mother Mary de Agreda to the Jumana
Indians of New Mexico, early in the seven-
teenth century. Mr. Benjamin F. Read, not
long ago, in a paper in the F. R. (Vol. XXVI
[1919], Nos. 7 and 8), rejected the story as
apocryphal. Mr. Read spoke exclusively as
a historian, whereas Fr. Zephyrin rather
takes the part of the theologian and apol-
ogist. This probably accounts for the differ-
ence of opinion between these two eminent
Catholic historians. We hear that Father F.
G. Holweck, of St. Louis, who is both a
theologian and has also done some very
creditable work along historical lines (see,
e. g., his paper "An American Martyrology"
in the January number of the Catholic Histor-
ical Review) is interesting himself in this
curious problem and intends to write an ar-
ticle on it in the near future.

— The possibility of the extension of Cath-
olic Truth Society work is interestingly dis-
cussed in the February issue of Catholic
Book Notes. In this connection it has often
occurred to us that an edition of what might
be called Catholic Classics would be an event
second only to that of the publication of the
Catholic Encyclopedia. Such a series might
well start with a selection of Patristic writ-
ings, pass on down through the rich products
of the Middle Ages to those of our times,
like Newman, Goerres, Chateaubriand, etc.
The writings of the early Fathers of the
Church are perhaps most modernly preserved
for us in the Loeb Classical Library. New-
man's work has been carelessly allowed to
run to seed in editions unworthy of its great
author. Catholics would do well to gather with
loving hands the great classics which so well
express the beauty and magnificence of their
eternal faith. The Catholic Truth Society is
perhaps the only body equal to so great
and good a labor. Cheap reprints of Cath-
olic classics would be a heaven-sent blessing
in these days of extravagant book prices.

— Have you renewed your subscription for
1921? The address label will show. Please
attend to the matter if you have not yet
done so.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

127

Literary Briefs

—"The Flame of the Forest," by Con-
stance E. Bishop (Benziger Bros.), is a
mediocre piece of work, in which a mixed
marriage forms the frame-work of the plot.
The Catholics are, for the most part, repre-
sented as ideals, while the non-Catholics
leave much to be desired. In spite of the
obvious defects of making the so-called
Catholic novel conform to such patent
formulae, the author has done some good
character sketching, as, for example, in
Jinny King.

—Number 10 of the "Timely Topics Se-
ries," published by the Central Bureau of
the Catholic Central Society, bears the ar-
resting title "Infant Mortality and Nursing
by the Mother." The £ev. Albert Muntsch,
S. J., is the author. This little publication
combines the solidity of a well-documented,
logical argument with the readableness of a
terse journalistic style. And who will gain-
say the timeliness of the subject, for our
country particularly? The literary minute-
men of the Central Society are doing ex-
cellent work.

— "The Seminarists' Symposium, 1919 —
1920" (Edited and issued by the St. Thomas
Literary and Homiletic Society of St. Vin-
cent Seminary, Beatty, Pa.) is a decidedly
creditable anthology of students' efforts.
Asceticism, Literature, Science, sacred and
profane, as well as Art, all have their studi-
ous spokesmen. The articles on "Mendelism,"
"The Beginnings of Liturgy," "The Chant
of the Ages," and "Modernism's Poisoned
Source," are particularly noteworthy. A more
critical attitude in the editorial section would
have been welcome ; this is particularly true
of "The Constitution.'

- — Tn his latest book, "Social Reconstruc-
tion," the Rev. Dr. John A. Ryan discusses
with his wonted lucidity and caution cer-
tain problems and agencies arising out of
the war, high wages and high prices, a
living wage by law, social insurance, public
housing, vocational training, labor unions,
labor sharing in management and profits,
co-partnership and co-operation, exorbitant
profits, and other kindred topics. In an ap-
pendix is printed the American Bishops' Re-
construction Programme, of which Dr. Ryan
is believed to be the author. Like everything
that Dr. Ryan publishes, this book is well
worth studying. (Macmillan).

— We have received the fourth and fifth
volume of Herder's "Lexikon der Pada-
gogik," edited by Prof. E. M. Roloff with
the assistance of the late Dr. Otto Willmann.
The list of contributors to this famous
treasure-house of pedagogical knowledge
comprises the foremost names of Catholic
Germany. Nothing equal to this work, in
quantity as well a squality, has ever been at-
tempted by Catholics of any other nation in

the field of educational science. There is not a
topic of interest in this domain that is not
treated somewhere in these five large lexicon
volumes in the light of the most recent re-
search. No one working in this field can afford
to be without the "Lexikon der Padagogik."
(B. Herder Book Co.)

—Father John Rickaby's new book, "The
Ecclesistical Year: Contemplations on the
Deeper Meaning and Relation of its Seasons
and Feasts" is characterized by an originality
one seldom meets with in books of this kind,
The author forestalls possible criticism by
saying in his preface that the work is not
intended to displace the traditional expo-
sitions, but to supplement them. It is the
most interesting book of the sort that has
come under our notice for a long while and
will, we believe, be found stimulating, in-
structive, and helpful especially to those who
are tired of the familiar expositions, which
are so apt to become monotonous. Preachers
will find here many variety-giving strands
which they can weave into their discourses.
(Joseph F. Wagner, Inc.).

— Abelard's philosophic writings have late-
ly been edited by Dr. B. Geyer in Baumker's
"Beitriige zur Geschichte der Philosophic
des Mittelalters" (Miinster i. W. : Aschen-
dorff). The editor groups them under two
headings: 1. Die Logica "Ingredientibus ;"
2. Die Glossen zu Porphyrins. Fr. Pelster,
S. J. in a favorable notice of the edition in
the Theolozische Revue (No. 19/20, p. 350,
calls attention to the fact that, according to
Dr. Geyer's researches. Abelard should be
spelled Abaelard, and pronounced as if it had
four syllables — Abaelard. Traces of this
correct pronunciation survived until 1728,
as may be seen from the fact that Du Pkssis
d'Argentre. in the first volume of his "Col-
lectio Iudiciorum." published in ? that year,
consistently writes "Abaelardus."

—An English Jesuit, Lewis Watt, S. J.,
has given us through the Catholic Social
Guild the "Elements of Economics." _ The
little book is intended to serve as an intro-
duction to the text books of Devas, Mar-
shall, and Taussig. So far the author has
undoubtedly succeeded. Nor could we expect
him to point any new paths in the_ so-called
science of political economy. But it is difficult
to see just what we gain by furthering, even
in this small way, the chaotic condition of
oresent-dav economic science. English-speak-
ing Catholics particularly need a pathfinder
of the caliber of H. Pesch, S. J., who in his
monumental "Lehrbuch der National-Oeko-
nomie" dared to leave the beaten path and
gave to the world a new method of political
economy. Fr. Watt, we regret to say, shows
himself to be subservient to the prevailing-
economics. We are so accustomed to paying
tribute to the so-called economic laws — that
of supply and demand, for example, — that we
little realize how unscientific this treat-
ment is.

128

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

April 15

Catholic Art and Architecture

A revised and enlarged second edition, containing forty-eight pages of Plates jf 1 ™ Jj^^^g^i? «
The text lays djwn solid principles on Catholic art and architecture, and the plates exemplify these principle!,, as

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been highly recommended by experts and members of the hj™"^"^.^ cathofic 6 presl
a study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post, free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

—It is seldom that the reviewer is called
upon to pass judgment on 445 pages of
philosophical rot. And yet such is the case
with "The Cxreat Work," by TK (R. F. Fenno
and Co., New York). It is "Addressed to
the Progressive Intelligence of the Age,"
is the third volume of the "Harmonic Se-
ries," of which the other two are "Harmon-
ics of Evolution" and "The Great Psycholo-
gical Crime" ; and, finally, its author is "the
American Representative of the great School
of Natural Science, a School which was
hoary with age when the foundation of the
great Pyramid was laid ; a School which
antedates all present authentic history and
records; a School against which the waves
of superstition and ignorance have dashed
in vain, because its foundation is the rock
of Truth." Though not being of the "pro-
gressive intelligence" class to whom the
author appeals, we nevertheless waded
through this slough of esoteric nonsense,
Masonic mummery, and pagan Orientalism.
According to the writer, there are two "Great
Parent Schools" in the world; the one of
India, the other of Egyptian Black Alagic.
To the former, which is the school of Light,
belong Freemasonry, Buddhism, Primitive
Christianity, "as exemplified by the Master,
Jesus, and by Protestant Christianity." To the
latter, "the Great Parent School of Egyptian
Black Magic," belong Paganism, Moham-
medanism, the Greek Church, and Roman
Catholicism "in its present form." The latter
is the "destructive psychological force in
human society." With this division in mind,
the author solves all problems on, under, and
above the earth, by word-spinning and jugg-
ling familiar to those versed in Masonic
literature. The book is an attempt at con-
structing a world-view through the eyes of
Freemasonry. The best clue to its worth-
lessness is the perusal of "A Study in Am-
erican Freemasonry" by Arthur Preuss. Its
anti-Catholic passages will do little harm
They are too crassly ignorant. The book is
absolutely useless and an utter waste of good
material and workmanship. — F.

Books Received

Bird-a-Lca. By Clementia. (A novel for girls. Illu-
strated by James A. Waddell. 357 pp. 12mo.
Chicago: Extension Press. $1.50.

Die ricr Evangclien. Ihre Entstehungsverhaltnisse,
Echtheit unci Glaubwiirdigkeit. Von Dr. Bartholo-
maus Heigl, Hochschulprofessor in Freising. xi &
400 pp. 12mo. Freiburg i. B.: Herdersche Verlags-
bandlung. 1916. $2.20 net.

Evangelium und Arbeit. Eine Apologie der Arbeits-
lehre des neuen Testaments. Von Simon Weber.
Zweite, verbesserte Auflage. vii & 363 pp. 8 vo.
B. Herder Book Co. $2.50 net.

Thesaurus Doctrinac Catholicae ex Documcntis Ma-
gisterii Ecclesiastici. Ordine Disposuit Ferd.
Cavallera, Lector Theol. in Facult. Theol. To-
losana. xviii & 794 pp. 8 vo. Paris: Gabriel
Beauchesne; St. Louis, Mo.; B. Herder Book Co.
$3.75, bound in cloth.

Die katholische Internationale. Von Dr. Max Josef
Metzger. 16 pp. 16mo. Graz: Paulusverlag.
(Wrapper).

The American Commission on Conditions in Ire-
land. Interim Report, viii & 144 pp. 8vo. L.
Hollingsvvorth Wood, Chairman, 501 Fifth Ave.,
New York City, 35 cts.; $3.50 per dozen; $22.50
per 100. (Wrapper).

Ireland's Claim for Recognition as a Sovereign
Independent State. Presented Officially to the
Government of the United States by Eamon de
Valera, President of the Irish Republic. 136 pp.
8vo. Washington, D. C. ; Irish Diplomatic Mis-
sion, 1045 Munsey Bldg. 25 cts.; $15 per 100.
(Wrapper).

A Handbook of Moral Theology. By the Rev. An-
tony Koch, D.D. Adapted and Edited by Arthur
Preuss. Volume IV: Man's Duties to God. iv &
423 pp. 12mo. B. Herder Book Co., $2.50 net.

Don Bosko. Von Franz X. Kerer. Mit Titelbild.

viii & 110 pp. 12mo. Ratisbon: Verlagsanstalt

vorra. G. J. Manz.
Die Anfdnge des mcnschlichcn Gcmeinschaftslebens

im Spiegel der ncuern I'blkcrkundc. Von Dr. phil.

Wilhelm Koppers S. V. D., Redakteur des "An-

thropos." 192 pp. 16mo. M. Gladbach: Volks-

vereinsverlag. M. 7. (Wrapper).

I. a Philosophic Moderne depuis Bacon iusqu'i
Leibniz. Etudes Historicities par Gaston Sortais,
S.J. Tome Premier, x & 592 pp. 8vo. Paris: P.
Lethielleux, 10, rue Cassette. (Wrapper).

The Garland of Praise. A Booklet of Spiritual
Songs for Use in the Catholic Church. With
Prayers for Mass and Latin Hymns. By Rev.
Tohn Rothensteiner, xv & 259 pp. 32mo. B. Herder
Book Co. 50 cts.

Social Organisations in Parishes. By Rev. Edward
F. Garesche, S. J. 340 pp. 8vo. Benziger Bros.
$2.75 net.

Efficiency in the Spiritual Life. By Sister Mary
Cecilia, a Religious of the Ursuline Convent of
Our Lady of Lourdes, Paola, Kansas, xiv & 201
pp. 12mo. Frederick Pustet Co., Inc. $1.50.

ErKer's

Oculists' Prescriptions

Lenses accurately ground.

Properly adjusted frames.

Moderate Prices

SOS Two 511 N.

OLIVE 5t °™s GRAND
i i tll llll ll llllllllll l ll ll HIIIIIHI I Ill l llll l l l llllll l llll T ff

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 9

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

May 1, 1921

On the Sea at Night
By A. Hugh Fisher

As some white ibis troubled in its sleep
Draws the uneasy burden of its head
From the close comfort of its warm wing-
bed
I wake and stare across the gloomy deep.
What unrecorded loves lie buried there ?
Queens of dead kingdoms? — conquerors

unknown ?
Once held the treasures of an Empress' zone
A golden clasp now winding nereid's hair?

How often in so very small a world

Men's feet must wander where some hero

trod :
To-night birds guard the same Egyptian god
Where smoke from Cleopatra's trireme curled
And amorous shepherds couch within that

cave
Where love-sick Dido turned a Trojan's -lave.

-»-*<»>-•--•-

The Smith-Towner Bill in the Light
of Common Sense

Whatever might be said against the
Smith-Towner Bill as a possible means
of oppression against Catholics, it
seems obvious that the advocates of
first-class educational methods have a
telling argument against Federal med-
dling in affairs of this kind. For those
who need definite proof of the debauch
consequent upon bureaucratized educa-
tion should investigate the results of
this modern form of autocracy in the
city of Milwaukee. What the Freeman
i Xo. 56) says of the public school sys-
tem in general holds particularly for
this city, as any initiate can tell. "It
is a system of propaganda," according
to this editorial. 'The schools are con-
trolled by the government, which is the
agent of privilege. Naturally, then,
their pupils are given such education,
and only such, as will prepare them to
ccuntenance and support privilege.
Privilege is not interested in teaching
people to think ; it is interested in im-
planting in their minds such stock no-
tions, prejudices and formulae as it can

profitably use. For example, the teach-
ing of history in our schools shows
little concern with truth and fact; its
object is to develop an exaggerated
chauvinism, to impress our youth with
the greatness and unfailing rightness
of their country, which means their
government. Thus is prepared the way
for such extravagance as Mr. Hard-
ing's bathos about 'the divine inspira-
tion of the founding fathers', and such
gross and incredible absurdities as are
from time to time perpetrated, in the
much abused name of patriotism, by
exuberant members of the American
Legion."

In addition to this let it be remarked
that, as schools are conducted under
bureaucratic control, system has be-
come of the utmost consideration.
Teaching is entirely secondary. The
fol-de-rol of the efficiency crowd has
become the chief characteristic ; forms,
standards, records, and charts choke up
the ordinary avenues of teaching. The
result is that there is far more concern
about the "record"' or "chart" of John
and Mary, than about the teaching of
the fundamentals. And yet this is the
result of a purely local application.
How much more disastrous would the
results be if federal bureaus and offi-
cials added to the confusion, the red
tape, and the official dry rot ! It is
impossible to believe that the American
people will invite more of these polit-
ical parasites that infest our land.
With the evidence of the utter useless-
ness of political methods all about us,
can we. aside from all religious con-
siderations, and looking at the matter
merely with the eyes of common sense,
have the hardihood to degrade still
further the teaching of American
youths by putting their education under
the blighting influence of federal offi-
cials and bureaus?

130

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May

The Y. M. C. A and the Y. W. C. A.

Attention has recently been drawn
to these two organizations by a circular
letter of the Holy Office, which especi-
ally mentions the Y. M. C. A. and in-
cludes the Y. W. C. A. under the term
"similar organizations.'' Many of our
Catholic people have been taken in by
the humanitarian work of these two
organizations, the social and intellectual
advantages they offer, and have given
them their support by becoming mem-
bers, or bv taking an intense interest in
their activities. These organizations
invite Catholics to join, telling them
that they have equal rights with all
"evangelical people," and then shut
them out from the inner and higher
councils. It is well known that Catho-
lics are barred from the higher and con-
trolling official positions. Blind to these
facts, some of our so-called liberal
Catholics, in order to move in a certain
society, support these organizations by
word and deed. It has never been a
secret what was the real aim of these
two organizations. They have paraded
themselves as non-sectarian, but recent
events have proved their stand to be
false. The activities of the Y. M. C. A.
in particular have called for the con-
demnation by Rome, not of its welfare
or humanitarian work, but of its at-
tempt to undermine the Catholic faith.

"Considering that these associations
are supported by the good will, the re-
sources and active cooperation of high-
ly influential persons, and that they
render efficient service in various lines
of beneficence, it is not surprising that
they deceive inexperienced minds who
fail to detect their inward nature and
purpose. But their true character can
no longer be a matter of doubt for any
one who is well informed ; their aims,
hitherto but gradually revealed, are now
openly declared in pamphlets, news-
papers, and periodicals which serve as
their means of publicity. Under the
pretext of enlightening vouthful minds.
they turn them awav from the teach-
ing authority of the Church, the divinely
established beacon of truth, and per-
suade them to seek in the depths of

their own consciousness, and hence
within the narrow range of human rea-
son, the light which is to guide them.
It is chiefly young men and young
women who are drawn into such snares.
They above all others need help and
direction in order to learn Christian
truth and preserve the faith handed
down from their forefathers. Instead
they fall into the hands of those by
whom they are robbed of their great
inheritance, and gradually led away
until they hesitate between opposing
opinions, then come to doubt about
everything, and finally content them-
selves with a vague indefinite form of
religion, which is altogether different
from the religion preached by Jesus
Christ.''

Thus the Holy See w r arns pastors of
Catholic flocks and instructs them to
take efficient measures against the in-
sidious propaganda of these organiza-
tions, which under the plea of offering
opportunities for social, intellectual, and
moral improvement, attract Catholic
young men and women to a material-
istic creed in the guise of Christianity.
They create the impression that the goal
which we seek and must obtain is to
be reached by an easier and more com-
fortable way than that prescribed by
the Catholic Church. They induce Cath-
olics, who take part in their activities,
to leave the more perfect way for this
naturalistic doctrine. They are danger-
ous to Catholics, the letter declares, be-
cause they are being made the occasion
and the means of propaganda of doc-
trines, which the Holy Office deems
prejudicial to the best interests of Cath-
olic young people, because the material
and educational advantages offered by
the associations in question are being
employed to instill habits of thought
which the Holy Office judges to be un-
christian, since the culture given by
them destroys in its beneficiaries the
integrity of the Catholic faith, robs the
Church of her children and eventuates
in rationalism and religious indiffer-
entism.

The condemnation of these associa-
tions bv the Holv Office does not dis-

1921

THE FORTNJGHTLY REVIEW

131

approve their welfare and humanita-
rian work. It is a condemnation of
their attempts to undermine the Catholic
faith, for, as the decree states, "while
displaying sincere love for youth, they
corrupt their faith while pretending to
purify it, teaching a conception of life
above all churches and outside ev^ery
religious confession." No Catholic can
take part in the activities of these or-
ganizations and hope to remain strong
in his faith. Environment will soon
assert itself.

It is certainly time that we Catholics
realize that these associations are not
non-sectarian, in spite of the fact that
they assume that character. They make
it their proud claim that they aim at
leveling religious differences and preach
the "higher" Christianity into which
the warfare of creeds will not enter.
And in so doing, they have not only
insulted, they have, through human
kindness, weakened in the hearts of
mothers and fathers and children, in-
debted to their aid for physical help,
the Catholic faith. It is idle to assert
that the religious propaganda of these
organizations should be overlooked, be-
cause of the great good they accomplish
in helping the needy. The concerns of
the soul with a true Catholic are dearer
than all other considerations, however
humanitarian and necessary they may
be, for the latter are merely an aid to
the individual in the concerns of his
short life here below. Catholics many
times must choose between general wel-
fare enterprises and their Church.
When these general welfare enterprises
interfere with the practice of their re-
ligion, or when they are used for pros-
elytizing purposes, the course of action
of the sincere Catholic is plain.

It was in the reconstruction work
after the War that the Y. M. C. A.
showed the true spirit that animated
it. During the war, religious bias was
less in evidence because of the many
other outlets for the activities of the
different organizations doing humanita-
rian work. After the war, the Y. M.
C. A. started a campaign of religious
"reform," as thev called it, in the "be-

nighted" Catholic countries of Europe.
It expressed its purpose to refine and
purify the religion already practiced by
the people of these countries, and to
show to young minds the way to more
light out of the darkness in which the
old Catholic faith of their fathers had
enveloped them. They made use of the
benefits that they offered the youth of
these countries as channels of propa-
ganda, substituting a "higher religion"
for the old faith. "By teaching an easy
sensuous morality of well-groomed
manners, well-informed intellect, and
respectable enjoyment, instead of the
self-denial, humility, obedience to the
precepts of Christ and the Church
established by Him, the young may be
weaned from the faith of their fathers.
The outcome of the religious or moral
teaching of the Y. M. C. A. is utilita-
rianism, materialism, and rationalism,
decked with the garments of Christ."
Similar means of proselytizing are
used by these organizations in this
country. Catholics join them and take
part in their activities at a great risk
to their faith. They are just as Prot-
estant as any Catholic organization is
Catholic. Humanitarian work is only
a means to an end with them, and the
sooner this is realized by our Catholic
people, the better.

"All are urged by this Sacred Con-
gregation to exert the utmost zeal in
preserving Catholic youth from the
contagion spread abroad by these or-
ganizations, whose very benefactions,
extended in Christ's name, endanger
the Christian's most priceless posses-
sion, the grace of Christ." Every Cath-
olic should take these words of the
Holy Office to heart. The Church re-
gards it as her bounden duty to defend
the faith from any movement that
threatens its integrity. The Holy Office
in the exercise of its function of watch-
ing over the purity of faith and morals,
bids all, clergy and parents of children,
to safe-guard the young from the dan-
ger with which in their ignorance they
are threatened. F. Jos. Kelly

Detroit Saninarv

132

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 1

Profit-Sharing In Hard Times

The principles of profit-sharing and
partnership for a great many years
have had not only my close study, but
with one change after another have
been put into practice and operation in
my own business.

Often in reading papers and giving
addresses on this very interesting sub-
ject, and inviting questions, there comes
up the inquiry as to what would be
done when the company experiences a
loss. The depression which has been
existing in our business since October
gives me an opportunity to answer this
question more correctly than heretofore.
I can truthfully say now, from experi-
ence, that the principle of partnership
has its greatest value during times like
these, for everyone connected with the
concern not only feels in a material
way the adversity of the times, but they
also relieve me by bearing part of the
burden of worry and planning which,
under ordinary circumstances, the em-
ployer has all to himself, at night as
well as day.

During times of prosperity our em-
ployes shared equally with the capital
invested, in the ratio of their monthly
and weekly wages, the profits which
the company produced, and before the
end of the year, when they were ad-
vised of the actual condition of affairs
and given details in figures of the loss
which was being encountered, they
were asked to make suggestions and
recommendations as to what could be
done to meet the extraordinary condi-
tions existing. We found them mak-
ing recommendations for the curtail-
ment of the number of employes. Later,
when there was no improvement after
the first of the year, they suggested
that inasmuch as the company had
shared with them its profits "during
prosperity they expected to share its
losses as much as possible during the
times of adversity, to the end that they
accepted cheerfully a reduction in
wages of 20 per cent, with the assur-
ance that everybody connected with the
firm in any capacity would make the
same concession.

Such curtailment of the force in
numbers and reduction of expenses,
under ordinary circumstances, creates
disappointment and dissatisfaction and
affects the morale of the whole concern.
None of this resulted in our case, inas-
much as we were acting on the initia-
tive of our employes, who were fully
advised of actual conditions. We were
able in another month to bring down
all of our operating expenses of all
kinds to a reasonable basis of percent-
age of our restricted business.

Every normal business has had a
reduction in volume and was con-
fronting the same condition, or even
crisis, as ourselves and losing money
if the old 1920 schedules were main-
tained. Being able to reduce these ex-
penses to the extent mentioned, without
in any way injuring the morale of the
company, and keeping at work all of
our older employes, is a most satisfac-
tory achievement, all of which leads
me to believe that the general scheme
of partnership does stand the test of
hard times.

It might be interesting to know that
in the curtailment of the force, as rec-
ommended, the employes' committee
felt that the company and themselves
were not under the same moral obliga-
tion to take care of the additional em-
ployes who were employed during 1919
and 1920 to meet the demands of the
extraordinary business enjoyed during
those years. Furthermore, another list
was prepared of those employed during
the previous three years who had no
dependents. As the company did not
deem it necessary to use any but the
first list, it held the other in reserve,
only to be used in the event "that the
worst was still to come."

We found that all of our employes,
or as we term them, "partners," were
fully appreciative, first of what had
been done for them in the past, second-
ly, of the present conditions necessitat-
ing such changes as described, and,
thirdly, that the integrity of the com-
pany must be preserved like unto "the
goose that lays the golden eggs," no
matter if further reductions and econ-
omies must be practiced.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

This spirit of industrial co-operation
cannot be achieved in a day, and can
only be produced by coming clean with
-the facts and figures, so that everybody
will know the actual conditions exist-
ing to the same extent as the proprie-
tors. There must also be a recognition
on the part of the employer that the
employes are a part and parcel of in-
dustry, with rights of representation
in directing matters on which their
lives, their families and their future
depend, and especially that they have
a moral claim on their job.

We, of course, have had the .advan-
tage of having some plan of this kind
in practice with our company for many
years, and during times of prosperity
secured confidence that must be the
underlying fundamental of any success-
ful industrial plan.

P. H. Callahan

Louisville, Ky.

— — <$>~

A Queer Ad in a Catholic Magazine

To the Editor: —

We Catholics have a right to expect
that our publications will feature ads that
are at least not patently extravagant,
exaggerated, and manifestly misrepre-
sent facts. Moreover, a Catholic maga-
z ; ne, devoted to the cult of the Blessed
Virgin, is hardly the place to expect a
furthering of inflated worldly ambi-
tions. The Queen's JJ'ork has been
featuring a one-page ad, which holds
out the promise that an electrical
course, taken by correspondence, under
the direction of a Mr. L. L. Cooke,
Chief Engineer of the Chicago Engin-
eering Works, would bring to the stu-
dent the title of "Electrical Expert"
and enable him to "earn $12 to $30 a
day.'' According to this bit of charla-
tanism, "Trained electrical experts are
in great demand at the highest salaries,
and the opportunities for advancement
and a big success in this line are the
greatest ever known. Electrical Experts
earn $70 to $200 a week. . . . $3,500
to $10,000 a year ! Get in Line for one
for these 'Big Jobs' by enrolling now
for my Easily-learned, Quickly-
grasped, Right-up-to-the-minute, Spare-

time, Home Study Course in Practical
Electricity." And so on, ad nauseam.

Every one who knows conditions,
realizes that these claims are largely
false.

Besides, it seems a bit strange that a
magazine conducted by Jesuits, mem-
bers of a recognized teaching order,
should feature this "educational" ad,
which proceeds to tell the reader that
"You don't have to be a College Man ;
you don't have to be a High School
graduate." If this is not in diametric
opposition to all sound principles of
education and if it does not promote
the get-rich-quick attitude, and the
pagan time-spirit of exaggerated ego-
tism, then there are no such things as
falsehoods, fakes, and delusions.

An Engineer

K. of C. Correspondence Schools

We are inclined to doubt very much
the efficacy of the latest get-education-
quick-and-easy scheme which the
Knights of Columbus are attempting by
means of correspondence. A report
indicates that more than a million men
and women are to be given educational
aid in this manner. If thus carried out,
the plan would constitute the largest
correspondence school system in the
world. We need now more than ever
trained mechanics and skilled laborers.
There is a surfeit of salesmen, clerks,
business men, and the so-called non-
producing class. Can vocational train-
ing worthy the name be given by cor-
respondence? Or, for that matter, can
any kind of training be properly given
by mail? Localized efforts of the
Knights along these lines have certain-
ly not produced any really valuable
results. Or can we claim success when
75,000 have been enrolled in 197
schools? Is it not questionable ad-
vertising by means of quantity produc-
tion ? F.
-~~e-~.

— After reading the Review, Iiand it to a
friend ; perhaps lie will subscribe, and you
will have done him a service and helped
along the apostolate of the good press.

134

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 1

Some Aspects of Birth Control

Every now and then some bureau
or other discloses figures which show
the relationship betweeen wages and
infant mortality. Not so long ago the
Childrens' Bureau, investigating condi-
tions in New Bedford, Mass., discov-
ered what is to be ordinarily expected,
namely, that in the lowest wage group
twenty babies out of every one hundred
died before the end of the first year.
In the highest wage group only six out
of every one hundred died. America
(No. 21) comments on this result as
follows : "Poor home sanitation, con-
gestion in crowded tenement districts,
lack of adequate medical care, and a
mother unable properly to care for her
child, are the circumstances that in-
crease to such an awful extent the
mortality of infants. To this must be
added the impossibility of a proper
intellectual, moral, and religious train-
ing for the children."

It is on the basis of just such reports
that the birth restrictionists make their
efforts. The Catholic Church, however,
stands like adamant against all immoral
and abominable practices. The destruc-
tion of life, the degradation of woman,
and the indulgence of man are involved
in "birth control." It seems strange
that its advocates should wade into the
mire deeper, rather than point a way
out of the low-wage muck. This, as the
report clearly indicates, is at the bottom
of the difficulty.

On the other hand, it does seem that
Catholic apologists oftentimes leave an
opening in their defense which makes
the entire question seem hopeless to the
ordinary observer. A statement like
the following is the rule rather than
the exception : "And who has not seen
the beautiful unselfishness and generos-
ity of the children of a family of seven,
or, better still, of a family of four-
teen?" ("Christian Marriage, a Sacra-
ment," by the Rev. D. McBride, D.D.).
It would be interesting to determine
the munificient salary necessary to edu-
cate and rear such a family at the pres-
ent time under the conditions laid down
bv the reverend author. '

He rightly insists on a proper in-
tellectual and moral training for all
children of all Catholic families. But
is this the only aspect of this problem?
Apparently not, to judge from the
statistics quoted by another Catholic
periodical. The underpaid laborer in
the U. S. is rather the rule than the
exception. Are we not flying in the
face of facts, and leaving ourselves
unprotected to serious attack from the
radicals, when we continually repeat
the bald, broad statement that a family
of a dozen or more children is better
than a family of two or three? Would
it not be more in keeping with reason
to advocate that Catholic parents, with
the grace and cooperation of God, have
families of such size as their means
and condition in life will permit them
to rear and educate in a way befitting
the Christian home and according to
the precepts of the Church? Are not
the parental sacrifices of such a family
sufficient, or are we to preach sacrifice
at the expense of improperly trained
children, whose defection from the
Church in later life will spell spiritual
ruin ?

Meanwhile if all our leaders did a
little earnest, honest propaganda work
for a system of industry in which low
wages did not always and of necessity
predominate, the Catholic stand against
the abominable practices of birth con-
trol would seem more reasonable. We
are not chary in telling these immoral
reformers, or deformers, that the real
difficulty lies in the low wage. It would
seem then that the logic of our own
conclusion would force us into active
combat against Capitalism, a real and
terrible enemv to the Christian family.

—The Rev. Richard Downey. D.D., has
republished his recent Month article on H.
G. Wells's "Outline of History" in pamphlet
form (London : Burns, Oates & Washbourne).
The pamphlet is meant to be "an antidote to
some of the chief errors into which Mr.
Wells has been betrayed by his prevailing
bent of mind." A still better antidote would
be a readable and reliable history of the
world, written from the Catholic point of
view. Who will undertake it and clothe it
in the attractive style that has made Mr..
Wells's "Outline" so popular?

1921

HE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

135

Shall We Cancel the Debt?

The insidious propaganda for a can-
cellation of the Allied war debt to the
U. S. has found many advocates who
insisted that this government should
act as the world's good angel. There
were two important phases of the pro-
posed debt cancellation that its advo-
cates studiously avoided. One was the
fact that every one of the Allied coun-
tries, with the exception of the U. S.
and China, was being well taken care
of in the way of indemnity from Ger-
many. Furthermore, most of them —
particularly England, France and Japan
— have been awarded tremendously
valuable mandates over former Ger-
man-owned colonies. England, for in-
stance, has been enabled to extend her
influence in Egypt and Mesopotamia
and to acquire absolute control over
German East and Southwest Africa.
France's sphere of influence, and like-
wise Japan's, have been vastly increased
through the provisions . of the peace
treaty. In other words, allied Europe
is gaining additional wealth by reason
of its unjust seizure and appropriation
of German properties many times in
excess of the $9,706,000,000 that rep-
resents the sum of their indebtedness
to this government.

The other important point was that
if our government should cancel the
$9,706,000,000 debt, the burden would
fall upon the shoulders of the American
public. The government of the U. S.,
of course, could not repudiate its obli-
gations to the people in the form of
Liberty Bonds. The government would
have to add almost ten billions of dol-
lars to its own national debt and in-
crease the tax rate sufficiently to
meet it.

Would such a heroic procedure in-
crease our foreign trade? It is doubt-
ful. We should be increasing our
tax burden and relieving our European
competitors of a large slice of their
own. Would not cancellation of the
debt enable them only the more easily
and more quickly to become dangerous
competitors with us in South American
and Asiatic markets?

Before going any further with their
propaganda, it is suggested that the
debt cancellation enthusiasts experi-
ment by cancelling some of their indi-
vidual debts in order to get the proper
atmosphere. If that were a necessary
preliminary to advocacy of national
debt cancellation, it is suspected the
debt cancellation propaganda would
suddenly cease.

The people at large of the U. S. are
justly and properly aroused over the
proposal to cancel the approximately
ten billion dollars owed to us by the
European allies and their associates.
Of course, the debt will not be cancelled,
the American public would never stand
for so absurd a transaction. Neverthe-
less it is interesting as well as infor-
mative to know that the entire cost of
the Federal government, from its foun-
dation to 1912, when Woodrow Wilson
became president, was only about twelve
billion dollars, and that sum includes
the cost of all our wars and every gov-
ernmental expense of whatever charac-
ter. Those who favor cancellation of
this debt would give away outright a
sum that lacks only two billion dollars
of totalling the whole cost of our gov-
ernment from the day George Wash-
ington became our first president down
to the dav that Mr. Wilson entered the
White House. Could a more striking
comparison be employed to demonstrate
the utter absurdity of the proposal?

Under the present burden of taxation,
the people have given manifestations
of discontent, and the cancellation of
the $9,706,000,000 war debt undoubted-
ly would increase taxation heavily. The
present administration does not insist
on immediate payment of the debt, but
wants it understood that payment is
required. The terms of payment will
be so arranged as to rest as lightly as
possible on the debtor nations. No one
can criticise this plan.

(Rev.) F. J. Kelly

Detroit Seminary

~KJ>~

—How about that new subscriber you
promised to send us last year? It is still
time to keep your promise.

136

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May

A Timely Protest

Rene Viviani was allowed to occupy
a pew with the French ambassador at
Cardinal Gibbons' funeral in the Balti-
more Cathedral, despite the public pro-
test of Mr. John D. Moore to Bishop
Corrigan, that the man was a notorious
infidel and persecutor of the Church.

We presume this could not be pre-
vented ; but what are we to think of
the conduct of Supreme Knight Flaher-
ty, who, according to the Nativity
Mentor, edited by the Rev. J. L. Bed-
ford, D.D., rector of the Church of the
Nativity, Brooklyn, N. Y., (Vol. 26.
No. 4) escorted Viviani at the funeral
of the late Cardinal, and of those K. of
C. leadeis who entertained him as guest
of honor at a dinner given in Wash-
ington ?

Dr. Bel ford justly protests against
these doings on the part of certain K. of
C. leaders, who, he says, are "gluttons
for the lime-light'' and "love to get
their pictures taken, to see their names
in print, and to brush shoulders with
the prominent and powerful — especially
the latter.'' "There is," adds the fear-
less priest, "grave danger that these
men will wreck a fine society unless
tbe members wake up to the fact that
they are being deluded and used. Down
the job-hunter."'

Dr. Belford concludes as follows:
"They are showing the country pictures
of Flaherty posed with the Pope. Let
them complete the work and show him
arm-in-arm with Viviani. one of the
worst enemies religion has had in one
hundred years."

A Catholic Teachers' Employment
Agency

The Bureau of Education of tbe
National Catholic Welfare Council has
taken a step in the right direction
by opening a Teachers' Employment
Agency to assist Catholic schools and
colleges in obtaining lay instructors,
either men or women, and to assist
Catholic teachers in obtaining positions
in the U. S. or in foreign countries. A
circular issued by the Bureau says :

"Institutions needing teachers are

invited to notify the Bureau of their
needs. No fees are charged institutions
for this service. College and school
authorities are requested to bring this
service to the attention of advanced
students preparing for the teaching
profession. Successful teachers of all
grades and subjects, principals, super-
visors, and superintendents are invited
to register. Persons desiring to register
should write to the Bureau for appli-
cation blanks, enclosing a stamp for
reply. A registration fee of $2 will be
required of each applicant when the
application blanks are returned. No
commission on salaries will be charged.
Address communications to the Na-
tional Catholic Welfare Council, Bureau
of Education, 1314 Massachusetts Ave.,
Washington, D. C."

This is a very commendable measure,
for no class of Catholics engaged in
semi-ecclesiastical work is so neglected
and so badly underpaid as the Catholic
lay teachers. But why serve the insti-
tutions, which are well able to pay,
without charge, and exact a registration
fee from the individual teachers, who
are almost without exception men ( or
women) with no resources? The serv-
ice must be made free to the teachers
if it is to be a success.

The Mysterious Influenza

Apropos of the paper under this
heading in No. 7 of the F. R., the
venerable Dr. L. Hacault, of Bruxelles,
Man., sends us an interesting letter,
from which we quote the following
passages :

In 1918 I had occasion to confer with
a number of medical men on the in-
fluenza epidemic, and all agreed that its
most probable cause was the circulation
of mephitic emanations from the mil-
lions of corpses insufficiently interred
on the battlefields of Europe, accom-
panied by poor hygienic conditions and
underfeeding. We all remember that
some years ago, at the time of the
eruption of the volcano Krakatoa,
fumes, vapors, gases and minute cinder
clouds were carried to various parts of
the world. Note that the influenza

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

137

epidemic started in Europe and spread
from there to America, to South Africa,
and finally to Asia and Oceanica.

May I add that the mysterious plague
seems to have been predicted centuries
ago by St. Odilia, national patron of
Alsace? In a letter to her brother
Hugues, son of Alderic, duke of Alsace,
written in the seventh century, the
Saint wrote ( I quote from the Beau-
chemin, Montreal, Almanack for 1917,
pp. 347 sqq. ): "Around the mountain
will flow human blood. It will be the
last battle. The nations will sing their
hymns of thanksgiving in the temples
of the Lord for their liberation. Then
will appear the warrior who will rout
the troops of the victor, whose armies
Avill be decimated by an unknown
plague. This plague will discourage
his soldiers, and the nations will say :
The finger of God is there . . ." The
influenza epidemic, we all remember,
started among the victorious armies of
the Allies and greatly hastened the
armistice of 1918.

The American Catholic Historical
Association

It is perhaps a too little known fact
that there exists in the United States
a "Catholic Historical Association''
whose purpose it is to foster the
sludy of Church history in America.
This body was organized Dec. 30, 1919,
and under its direction is published the
excellent Catholic Historical Review.
According to Sec. Ill of the Constitu-
tion, "Any person approved by the
Executive Council may become a mem-
ber of the Association. The annual
membership fee shall be three dollars.
On payment of fifty dollars, any per-
son, with the approval of the Executive
Council mav become a Life Member."
Educated Catholic laymen and women
should avail themselves of the oppor-
tunity to promote so important a study
as that of the development of the
Church in our beloved country.

The love of historical studies should
be cultivated early in the student's life.
Unfortunately this is not the case, with
rare exceptions, in the vast majority of

our Catholic colleges and academies.
The modern historical method is un-
known and unused, though there are
such texts as the "Outline of the His-
torical Method*' by Dr. F. M. Fling,
which is based on Bernheim's famous
"Lehrbuch." It would seem that the
arts and science course leading to the
A.B. degree should at least include, in
its history courses, an acquaintance
with this absolutely essential study.

In this connection, a perusal of the
excellent Catholic Historical Review
has more than once suggested the advis-
ability of student branches of the Am-
erican Catholic Historical Association
in our Catholic colleges and academies.
Technical societies make room for a
junior membership, which consists of
technical students in colleges and uni-
versities. The plan is very successful.
It serves to bring the best and most
recent information to those directly
concerned, and at the same time it
builds up an enthusiastic body of future
members. The American Catholic His-
torical Association deserves the widest
possible support. Through the estab-
lishment of student memberships in
Catholic colleges and academies it could
confer an immense benefit upon our
Catholic students.

The Close of an Era

The death of Cardinal Gibbons has
called forth glowing tributes from un-
expected sources. Of the outstanding
liberal and even radical periodicals in
America, the Freeman, the Nation, and
the New Republic, head the list. It is
interesting to note that the latter, anti-
Catholic at times at least by innuendo,
does not so much as mention the death
of the Cardinal. The Freeman, how-
ever, has outdone itself ; radical in the
political field and a free-lance in mat-
ters of religion, this scholarly publica-
tion says among other things, comment-
ing on the characteristics of the late
Cardinal: "Great as a teacher, great as
a citizen, great as a friend, great as a
Christian, above all, great as a man;
such was James, Cardinal Gibbons. . . .
He was one of the most simple-hearted,

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 1

pious and Christian men that ever
rilled an episcopal chair. In the midst
of a careless and perverse generation,
he walked worthily ; when all about him
was at the utmost variance with the
principles of true religion, he remained
sincere and humble and patient. By
living the life of the righteous, he
earned the death of the righteous ; his
life manifested the beauty of holiness
and his death the peace of perfect as-
surance. Expectat resurrectionem mor-
tuorum et vitam venturi saeculi."

The Nation in an editorial leader,
entitled "The American Cardinal,"
after paying a generous tribute to the
deceased ecclesiastic, remarks discern-
ingly: "When we turn to consider his
work and influence from a non-ecclesi-
astical point of view, it must be said
that on the whole they were reaction-
ary. He was no pioneer opening up
fresh paths of truth, no champion of
unpopular causes. His voice was al-
ways lifted on the side of the estab-
lished order. ... Of the deeper forces
of his age he does not appear to have
caught even a glimpse. He gave no
guidance to the minds of the rising
generation.''

Elsewhere in the same article the
Nation remarks that the death of Car-
dinal Gibbons "is an event of more than
local importance, for it marks the close
of a significant era in the history of the
Roman Catholic Church in this coun-
try."

In expressing the desire that this
might be so, we yield to no one in
veneration for a prince of Holy Mother
Church. But it is hardly to be expected.
The ideas and ideals of the late Car-
dinal are firmly intrenched in Catholic
ecclesiastical America. Leadership
equal to the present crisis is not in
sight; and a true estimate of the old
cannot be had until precipitated in the
alembis of history. Observer

Mormonism

A writer in The Freeman (III, 55),
says:

The "Rook of Mormon"' is never
mentioned in histories of our litera-
ture: the genteel tradition has quietly

brushed it aside, along with the records
of Mormonism itself, its rise, its pro-
gress, its leaders. Yet the man who^
composed this solemn parody of the
Rible, this Joseph Smith with his im-
pudent cherub's face who walked with
an angel and dreamed of a new papacy,
is one of the characteristic figures of
our history ; and Mormonism was as
much and as logical a product of New
England as any of those other move-
ments of the delirious half-century be-
fore the Civil War came and America
"got down to business."

This universal preoccupation with
business has had the effect of imposing
a false unity upon our life; it has im-
parted an air of simplicity and com-
prehensibility to the American scene,
past and present, that is far from ac-
cording with the facts. We speak of
Russians as "queer" and of Africa as
the "dark continent," but there is noth-
ing queerer and darker than this con-
tinent of ours, if one penetrates behind
its mask. Our history, if we could ever
frankly envisage the whole of it, would
appear as a singularly fantastic spec-
tacle. Who remembers that it was the
dove-colored New England itself which
produced (and in the same generation
with Emerson and Whittier) not only
P. T. Barnum, but Joseph Smith and
Brigham Young?

— According to the Christian Cynosure
(Vol. 53, No. 12), which quotes as its source
the Appendix to the Proceedings ot the
Grand Lodge of Illinois, 1921, a new secret
soe'ety has made its appearance in Nebraska,
known as the "Knights and Ladies of
Jericho." Its ritual "exemplifies Biblical
characters" and the organization "is some-
what similar to the Order of the Eastern
Star," wh'ch, as our readers are aware, con-
sists of Masons and their kin. The constant
growth of secret societies is an alarming
symptom of intellectual and moral decline.

— "Perhaps some day," says the Nation,
"there will be an enforced house-cleaning of
the State Department, which will spread to
the White House, so that we shall truly have
done with those pernicious infants Wiggle
and Wobble. At present they do not appear
changed appreciably from the pair that has
been in evidence for eight years, unless in-
deed they have grown a little bolder, a little
bigger a little more thoroughly at home in
the last six weeks."

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

139

Forty Years of Missionary Life

in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.

Thirtieth Installment)

For many years they brought all their dead,
30, 40 and 50 miles down, to the Catholic
cemetery at Pocahontas. A trip to Pocahontas
always meant for them an absence from
home for three or four days, and certainly
also a great sacrifice. Great was their joy
when they were placed under the care of the
Benedictines of Beatty, Pa. In this year
Father Pius, O.S.B., finished the new church
of St. Benedict, at Doniphan, Mo. The Arch-
diocese of St. Louis had at that time many
missions which were just as poor and iso-
lated as any in Arkansas. The priest living
in Doniphan had to attend a number of such
missions. In order to attend White Church.
in Howell County, Mo., he had to ride on
a hack twenty-eight miles from Doniphan to
Xeeleyville. From Xeeleyville he could reach
with the Iron Mountain line Hoxie, about
fifty miles south. There he had to wait for
a train of the Kansas City and Memphis
Ry., to take him about 100 miles northwest
to West Plains, Missouri. From West Plains
he had to go ten miles into the country,
either on foot, or by wagon, or on horse-
back, in order to reach White Church, situ-
ated in the woods of Howell County. There
was no town, — only a store, a blacksmith-
shop, and a few houses.

Father Pius attended this and a number
of other missions with such regularity that
one was tempted to attribute to him the Rift
of ubiquity. There were two families living
about twenty miles from Doniphan in the
woods. He visited them regularly once a
month, said Mass and preached as if it were
a congregation, and gave the children in-
structions. For years he preached almost
daily, and very seldom twice in the same
place in succession. Wherever he went, no
matter how fatigued, he rose at four o'clock
the next morning for his spiritual exercises.
Though not a prohibitionist, he drank neither
wine nor beer nor any other alcoholic bever-
age. He did not smoke. He never used a
rocking chair. In appearance he was always
neat and clean, but very simple. He was
generous, kind, and considerate towards
others, especially the poor. Whenever he was
asked to take a rest, he would smilingly re-
ply that this would come soon enough. Xo
wonder he enjoyed such high esteem among
the people! The Methodist preacher of
Doniphan. _ who was present at his death-
bed, exclaimed: "If there still are any real
saints on earth, this man was surely one."

After this saintly monk had built St. Bene-
dict's Church, at Doniphan, he invited Father
Fuerst. pastor of Pocahontas, and myself
to the dedication. The Right Rev. Msgr.
Henry Muehlsiepen. V. G., of St. Louis,
blessed the church, dedicating it to the glori-

ous patriarch of the Western monks, St.
Benedict. He celebrated the High Mass and
I preached the sermon. Father Fuerst and
I sang Leo Stoecklin's Mass in B flat; I
played the organ, Father Fuerst accompanied
it with his violin, and we sang the soprano
and alto parts together. It was the best we
could do. The people never had assisted at
a High Mass there, nor did it happen again
for many years afterwards. Father Fuerst
had come in a buggy from Pocahontas, a
distance of about thirty miles, over rough
hills and mountains. But distance seemed not
to count in those days. The few priests w^ould
visit one another regularly and help out on
any feastday. Priests living within a radius
of a hundred miles were called neighbors.
This dedication took place on the nth of
June. 1890.

On the 27th of July, the same year, the
first reunion of the German Catholic Central
Verein of Arkansas took place at St. Bene-
dict's, Logan County, now Xew Subiaco
Abbey. This reunion greatly advanced the
development of Catholic life in Arkansas.
The Logan County Anzciger, now the Arkan-
sas Echo, of August 1, 1890, gives us an
idea of Catholic activity in those primitive
days. It says : "Favored by most beautiful
weather, hundreds of German Catholic men
on Sunday morning, July 27th, went to St.
Benedict's, Ark., to take part in the first
general meeting of the Catholic German so-
cieties of the State, which at the same time
also belongs to the Catholic Central Verein.
A short distance from the Monastery of St.
Benedict they stopped. The members of the
different societies with their banners and
emblems drew up in rank and file ; the differ-
ent societies were represented by the follow-
ing parties : Paris, St. Scholastica, Morrison's
Bluff, Altus, Fort Smith, Atkins, Morrillton,
Conway, Little Rock, and Hartman. With
the sound of music, furnished by bands from
Paris and Altus, the members marched to the
place. At the school house they were received
by the society of St. Benedict. The meeting
of the delegates was opened with prayer by
the vice-president, Mr. Conrad Elsken. After
the roll call of the delegates, the society and
the reverend clergy, represented by Very
Rev. Father Prior Wolfgang Schlumpf, Rev.
Father J. Eugene Weibel, of Jonesboro and
Paragould, Rev. Father Gall D'Aujourdhui.
and Rev. Matthew Saetteli, as well as the
delegates, accompanied by bands and led by
the marshal, went into the beautifully deco-
rated church. High Mass was celebrated by
the Very Rev. Father Prior, with Father
Weibel and Father D'Aujourdhui, as dea-
cons. The Rev. J. E. Weibel preached the
sermon, to which the assembly listened with
great attention and which pleased them
greatly. The choir consisted of the Venerable
Fratres. They are real masters of music, and
their singing delighted those present. The
societies felt indebted to them for the glori-
fication of this feast. After the services the

140

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 1

Catholic Art and Architecture

A revised and enlarged second edition, containing forty-eight pages of plates, plus twenty-five pages of text.
The text lays djwii solid principles on Catholic art and architecture, and the plates exemplify these principles., as

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been highly recommended by experts and members of the hierarchy and clergy who have made
a. study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

members of the different societies, the rev.
clergy and the delegates went to the hall,
where they were received with the most
hearty welcome by the president of St. Bene-
dict's Union, Mr. Schluettermann. The hall,
150 by 95 feet, was decorated with festoons,
inscriptions, and banners with great skill and
taste. Father Gall D'Aujourdhni, who had
directed the decorations, proved that he pos-
sessed a great deal of the taste of his
famous predecessor. Father Gall Morel, the
celebrated poet and professor of esthetics.
At the festive hall, a delightful view offered
itself, for the tables were loaded with en-
ticing food and decorated with flowers. It
was evident that the Fathers of St. Benedict,
under the supervision of the Venerable
Brother Benedict, chief cook and butler,
understand how to care for a man's body
as well as for his soul. Afterwards followed
the deliberations in the church, where a num-
ber of practical resolutions were adopted.
Little Rock obtained the votes for the next
year's meeting, and Conrad Elsken was un-
animously re-elected vice-president. This
was followed by a lunch, seasoned witli
several good toasts. The feast passed in the
merriest mood, and together with the late
meeting of the union of the Catholic young
men of Arkansas, was one of the most popu-
lar celebrations ever held in Arkansas."

During this summer the Catholics of
Jonesboro and Paragould were both active
and busy, the latter finishing their new
church, and the former building their school.
On the 26th of October, 1800, the school-
bouse in Jonesboro was solemnly blessed by
Bishop Fitzgerald. It was a two-story brick-
building with a basement containing the
heating plant, kitchen, and dining room. The
first story had two school rooms, separated
by a folding door, and a stage. In the second
story were four living rooms. It was a fine
building. The Bishop was received at the
Sisters' house, and led in procession to the
church. Fifteen members of St. Cecilia's
Union from Pocahontas, under the guidance
of their beloved pastor, Father Fuerst, helped
to enhance the solemnity by their splendid
singing. There were also present Catholics
from Paragould. Harrisburg. Hoxie. and
Black Rock. Dr. Callahan. V. G.. preached
a beautiful sermon in the morning, whilst
Bishop Fitzgerald spoke in his usual fatherly
way a t Vespers, praising the people for then-
work and encouraging them to persevere in

it. At the end of the ceremonies the Bishop
with his sonorous voice entoned the "Grosser
Gott," and for the first time the "Te Deum"
was sung by 100 voices in German at Jones-
boro.

On the next day his Lordship blessed the
new church in Paragould under the title of
Our Blessed Mother Mary of Einsiedeln.
He sang the high Mass, with Dr. Callahan
and myself as deacons. Previously Father
Placidus, O. S. B., and I had given a week's
mission at Paragould and several converts
were received into the Church on that oc-
casion.

This year the Forty Hour's Adoration was
held for the first time in Jonesboro. During
the first part of November, I preached a
mission at Arkansas City, in the southeastern
part of the State. The church there was a
frame building. 60x24, with a tower at the
entrance, a very neat altar and stations of
the cross. In the spring flood of that same
year, the water had risen from two to ten
feet high in the houses, the people went
about in skiffs, the Mississippi was sixty
miles wide and the frame church, built on
brick pillars, had been knocked off its foun-
dation by some lumber placed under it, but
was happily carried back by the same high
water and a favorable wind, not even the
tower being damaged. It certainly was a
strange thing to see the church automatically
going back upon its pillars. Whilst the large
building was floating about, threatening to
go down the Mississippi, a wag wrote upon
the entrance door: "This church belongs to
Askansas City, Arkansas; wherever it may
go, we politely ask the people to return it."
This inscription was still visible when I
preached the mission there. When the high
water came, every one thought first of his
own salvation. The pastor. Father McCor-
mack. was absent. When he returned, he
looked through the windows into his church,
another ark of Xoe ; his bed and books were
still floating upon the waters. The people
there were so accustomed to these inunda-
tions that they spoke without any apparent
surprise about the water's pranks.

On November 28th. the Right Rev. Abbot
Frow-in. O. S. B.. held a very careful canon-
ical visitation of the convent in Pocahontas.
His approving judgment proved quite a satis-
faction to the Bishop and the young com-
munity.

(To be continued)

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

141

The New Canon Law

A COMMENTARY AND SUMMARY
BY

REV. STANISLAUS WOYWOD, O. F. M.

With a Preface by Very Rev. Msgr. Philip Bernardini, J. U. D.

Professor of Canou Law at the Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

Complete in one volume, large 8vo, 452 pages. Cloth, net, $4.50

Added weight and authority are given to the work by the commendatory preface written for

it by the Very Reverend Monsignor Philip Bernardini, f . U. D., Professor of

Canon Law at the Catholic University in Washington.

A very full Index of Subjects enhances the usefulness of the work,
facilitating ready reference to its contents on any particular subject.

' The New Marriage Legislation? ""» _. ___ „„ .„..„,,

DO YOU WISH I The New Laws Concerning the Clergy? The 3' are a " stated

"" *"" " < The New Laws Concerning Religious? >in full and concisely

' I The New Canons on the Sacraments? explained in this book

And all other Church Laws of interest to you? J

JOSEPH F. WAGNER (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street NEW YORK

St. L<

B. Herder Book Co.

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

— At a production of the film, "The Four
Horsemen of the Apocalypse," based upon the
novel of Blasco Ibafiez, a woman was heard
asking her companion : "Do you know any-
thing else this Ibafiez has written?" "Yes,"
was the answer, "another horse story, called
'Mare Nostrum'."

— A somewhat extended reply by our
esteemed contributor "F." to Rev. Prior
Stocker's criticism of his recent article "The
Catholic Press Month" (F. R., No. 6) as
well as several other intersting and import-
ant articles had to be held over for the next
number for lack of space.

— The London Express has heard an amus-
ing story of the association of H. G. Wells
and W. E. Henley on the ill-fated New Rc-
zHcw. This publication was anything but a
success, and one day when Wells and Hen-
ley were discussing its future, both became
almost despondent. When their talk was at
its gloomiest a funeral passed in the street
beneath their window. Henley turned toWells
and said: "Can that be our subscriber?"

— The Indian Sentinel for April deals
chiefly with the missions among the Crow
Indians and is gotten up with the usual lov-
ing care. There are a number of informa-
tive articles and appropriate illustrations. It
is too bad this excellent little magazine can-
not be put into the hands of every Catholic

in the U. S., for no one can read it without
becoming interested in the cause for which
it stands and which it so intelligently
champions.

—The Ave Maria prints the interesting in-
formation that the historical department of
the N. C. W. C. has thus far collected the
names of no fewer than 15,300 Catholics
who gave their lives for their country dur-
ing the Great War. About two-thirds of
the number died overseas and are buried in
France; the others died and are interred in
this country. The total number of casualties
suffered by the United States during the
war— from April 6, 1017, to Nov. 11, 1918—
was 103,740; and our contemporary esti-
mates the Catholics among them at twenty
per cent of the whole.

—The new attorney general of Indiana,
Mr. U. S. Lesh, has reversed the opinion of
his predecessor, which excluded Catholic
Sisters from the public schools because of
their wearing a distinctive religious garb.
He says that the wearing of a religious garb
by a teacher is not a violation of the law,
and the fact that religious contribute their
earn ngs to a common treasury, to be
used for religious purposes, does not make
their employment in public schools illegal.
This decision settles the matter for Indiana,
unless the legislature passes a law to the
contrary. This will probably be attempted in
the near future.

142

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 1

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars i* m - i** v* w i« w i* i*

SEGAR LOGIC

rpHERE are specialists in all businesses and professions. Segar specialists, however, are
■*- rare. The segar specialist able to cater to the discriminating tastes of the various con-
noisseurs, is the rarest gem produced in the world. If you are a discriminating smoker^ select
your specialist. Let him combine blends for you until he satisfies the exactions of your
individual taste. Then stick to him until the crack of doom.

Ifin CI On Sent Post Paid on Receipt of Money Order or N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory, Tfj <T/ fin
I UU"" J) I .OU pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mail UU"«D c f.UU

Established 1866

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

— The supporters of the movement in favor
of fixing the date of Easter are taking suit-
able steps to ascertain the views and to
secure the cooperation of the Holy See.
After saying that the question has been
"most courteously and kindly" considered by
the Catholic authorities in England, notably
by the Bishop of Salford, a correspondent
of the Royal Astronomical Society, quoted
in the Tablet, mentions that the staff of the
Vatican Observatory has also been consulted.
Obviously, unless the cooperation of the
Holy See is secured, Lord Desborough's Bill
can only create confusion.

— It is no easy task to ascertain the true
nature and aims of the organization calling
itself Kiwanis Clubs. At a recent meeting
of the Hyde Park Kiwanis Club in Chicago,
according to the Evening American of that
city, April 2nd. Mr. J. Mercer Barnett, of
Birmingham, "International Kiwanis Presi-
dent," characterized the Kiwanis as "a society
of over 43,000 leading business men in Amer-
ica whose motto is 'We build' " and added :
"Kiwanis is Christianity so capsuled that the
average man can take it." So the Kiwanis
movement, as we suspected has a religious
aspect. What sort of Christianity is it that
this organization of 43,000 business men dis-
penses?

— A number of pastors of small parishes
have protested, in letters to the F. R., against
the incessant "drives" and money-gathering
campaigns at a time when most small
parishes find it hard to meet their own
expenses. "Instead of campaigning for social
centers in large cities," says one of them,
"let us first provide Catholic schools in the
small places from whence most of the city
population comes." Another thinks that, in-
stead of establishing more or less useless
"councils, clubs, etc., the authorities should
try to organize the Catholic voters for the
purpose of electing honest and trustworthy
officials." These voices are worth listening
to.

— The tercentenary of the creation of the
Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of
the Faith, occurs on June 22, 1922. The his-
tory of this remarkable organization, which

ranks "only a little less in dignity than the
Universal Church," is being written by a
group of historical students, chosen by the
present Prefect, Cardinal Van Rossum, and
is to be published in book form next year.
The Reverend Peter Guilday, Ph. D., is to
contribute the chapter on the United States,
of which he has given us a few introductory
paragraphs in the Catholic Historical Review
for January, 1921. Father Guilday is one of
the most scholarly Catholic historians in
America.

— What is the next step in the modern
development of Mariology? Undoubtedly, as
suggested in an article in the Irish Theolog-
ical Quarterly (Xo. 61) on the "Definability
of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin,"
it is the conversion of the long established
pious belief in the Assumption into a formal
dogma. The dogmatization of the Assump-
tion would embrace the facts expressed in
the fourth and fifth glorious mysteries of
the Rosary, i. c., the preservation of the body
of the Blessed Virgin from corruption after
death, the rehabilitation of her glorified body
by the soul, and its assumption, in this con-
dition, into Heaven. The article is suggestive
throughout and the author hopes it will
precipitate a theological discussion as a pre-
lude to the definition of the dogma.

— We see from the Daily American Tribune
that Dr. Monsma and his friends in Chicago
are trying to resurrect their "Christian daily,"
which went under so suddenly after a career
of less than four months. Meanwhile, as a
former subscriber of the Daily American
Standard (that was the name of the paper)
we are informed by circular letter that Dr.
Monsma is preparing a book in which he will
tell the story of the venture. It promises to
be sensational, for the circular says : "We
shall tear off the veil that is now hiding un-
speakable conditions in the American church
world. We shall tell the true Christians in
this country what the hypocrites of this age
have dared to do," etc. We wonder whether
Dr. Monsma's book will reveal any essential
facts that have not long since been uncovered
by Upton Sinclair, the Nation, the Nezv
Republic, the Freeman, the Echo, the F. R.,
and a few other independent papers.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

143

— As part of its exercises in commemora-
tion of the 6ooth anniversary of the death of
Dante, the University of North Carolina
offered to the students a week's intense
course in the works of the great poet. Six
conferences were conducted by Prof. Grand-
gent of Harvard, the students preparing for
them in advance by group meetings and
private reading. In addition to these lectures.
Prof. Grandgent delivered an address before
a large university audience on Dante and his
poetry. The October issue of Studies in
Philology, a quarterly journal of research
published by the university, will be devoted
to essays on Dante and his influence on
thought and literature. What are Catholics
doing to honor the memory of their greatest
poet ?

—The Rev. Dr. P. W. Schmidt, S. V. D.,
one of the foremost authorities in ethnology
and comparative philology, will soon visit
the U. S. to lecture on scientific subjects,
for the benefit of the foreign missions. The
journal Anthropos, which he founded in
1006, has achieved a world-wide reputation.
The great war has seriously retarded the
work of the Fathers of the Society of the
Divine World in New Guinea, China, Japan,
and Africa. As practically all the Fathers
were Germans or Austrians, the English gov-
ernment proceeded ruthlessly against them,
with total disregard of the fine work they
had accomplished for the natives. Further
information on the projected lecture tour
of Fr. Schmidt can be secured by addressing
the Rev. Fr. Bruno, S. V. D., Techny, 111.

— The N. C. W. C. is doing a good work
in its efforts for cleaner "movies." As a
result of the work along similar lines by this
and other religious and secular organiza-
tions, some curb will no doubt soon be put
on the production of salacious films. How-
ever, it is well to remember that as long as
this or any other form of entertainment is
trafficked in for private gain, so long will it
be abused. Poor human nature, weakened
and debased by original sin, cannot be flat-
tered into a virtuous state of wanting and
demanding the higher and ennobling kind
of recreation by exaggerated statements
that such is its real desire. The films with
the sex allurement will always be more
profitable, and so long as this is true, under
a system which conducts business primarily
for profit, so long will the production of ob-
jectionable films continue, by hook or by
crook. Meanwhile, a sane and moderate
form of control by law seems necessary.

— Mr. Denis A. McCarthy writes us that
he has put Mr. G. J. Knapp's letter (F. R,.
No. 7) before Mr. Peter W. Collins and
that the latter denied emphatically ever to
have made the statement attributed to him
in the Williston (N. Dak.) Herald, viz.: that
"Socialists should be so treated that in a
few minutes they will be scurrying into holes
and corners to hide, or seeking hospitals to
have their wounds dressed." Mr. McCarthy
adds : "I naturally take the word of Mr.
Collins, whom I know, against that of Mr.
Knapp, whom I don't know. By this I do
not mean to cast any reflection upon the
honesty and truthfulness of Mr. Knapp but
I suggest that there is a mistake somewhere
in his apprehension of the facts in the case.
. . . The appearance of an interview in a
paper is not absolutely incontrovertible evi-
dence that the person interviewed gave the
interview as it is printed." This ends the
matter as far as the F. R. is concerned.

—Col. P. H. Callahan sends us a letter in
which complaint is made that the F. R. fre-
quently takes an attitude different from that
of other Catholic publications and criticizes
where others approve. Col. Callahan com-
ments: "Some people, in fact the -bulk, ex-
pect everyone to see eye to eye with them
on everything." This mental (or shall we
say: moral) defect is perhaps one of the
main obstacles in the path of a really strong
Catholic press. The writer who dares to
express and defend his convictions in the
face of great opposition is often lauded
after his death : but, like Dr. Orestes A.
Brownson, he is not properly supported
while he is alive. Brownson is now highly
praised, but during his lifetime he was never
able to enlist more than eight hundred sub-
scribers for his now famous Quarterly Re-
view, in which he so often and so courage-
ously opposed the errors and foibles of his
brethren.

ErKer'B

Do Your Glasses Set Properly?

No charge for straightening or

adjusting your eyeglasses

or spectacles

- SOS Two 511 N.
= OLIVE SioreS GRAND
^i i iii iiii i iiiiiiii ii i i iiiii i iinii i ii i iiii i ii i imiiiiir TB

ST. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

144

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Mav 1

Literary Briefs

—Of the English Catholic Truth Society
pamphlets that have come to the reviewer's
desk recently, several deserve more than a
passing notice. "The Sisters of Charity Mar-
tyred at Arras in 1794," by Alice Lady Lovat,
is a side-light on the horrors of the French
Revolution. The four martyred sisters, whose
heroism is here related, were beatified on
the 13th of June, 1920. "Why 'Separate
Schools'?'' is an interesting account of the
Church's struggle for proper educational
facilities in Canada. The separate school is
the right and duty of Catholics, according
to the author, Father George Thomas Daly,
C. Ss. R. In this connection we may also
mention "Religion in School," by the Editor
of the Sower, an excellent English contri-
bution to the same subject. In "England's
Breach With Rome," Cardinal Gasquet, 0.
S. B., brings to the Catholic reading public
the benefits of his more scholarly contribu-
tions to Reformation literature. This popular
pamphlet deserves the highest praise.

—"A Year With Christ" by William J.
\oung, S.J. (Herder), is a welcome addition
to our religious literature. The author's
method and the spirit which permeates the
work is well calculated to bring "to the busy
and preoccupied mind a momentary glimpse
now and then, of the sweet and strong per-
sonality of Christ as He appears on the vivid
pages of the evangelists." Moreover, the aim
of supplying our Catholic societies, and par-
ticularly laymen's retreats, with suitable
reading material, is most worthy and timely.
J he laymen especially are in need of a litera-
ture suitable for their peculiar needs. It is to
be hoped that Mr. Young will continue his
work and give us the English equivalent of
Peschs Christian Philosophy of Life"
adapted to the needs of the fast growing lay-
men s retreat movement in America.

—It has long been one of the oddities of
German literary history that there was no
biography of Ludwig Uhland. His widow
Notter, K Mayer, and Professor Hermann
Fischer (lately deceased) wrote "accounts"
of the great poet's life, but they are all
scrappy, shallow, and inadequate generally
rhis was largely owing to the fact that
fipMc p WaS pre - e ?" n «rt >'" at least three
fields: Romance philology, German politics
and German poetry. Hermann Schneider'
Professor of German at the University of
Berlin and successor, after a fashion* to
End 'Schmidt, has now filled this wan by

lin\ n/ 1 ' 1 : ' ( , ErnSt Hof «*nn u. Co., Ber-
lin). Of this biography W. Oehlke after

^v" n Tt°i ut a a , n T'; er of weak <** '" t

or everv r 3 k *?* VF Gmna Il0me

library" 7 " ^^ f ° r ever * German

—A new batch of the penny publications of
the Catholic Truth Society (London, 69
Southwark Bridge Road) generally comes

like a godsend. For more often than not it
contains in brief something "we were just
looking for." Some late additions to the
fine series are "Freemasonry," by the Rev.
Herbert Thurston, S. J. That name on a
book or pamphlet means solidity and critical
acumen. So we may confidently accept Fr.
Thurston's summary of the question : "Noth-
ing assuredly has happened in recent years
which would warrant the Holy See in re-
voking the condemnation long ago so wisely
passed upon the deistic spirit of Masonry
and upon its unjustifiable oaths of secrecy."
Our educational experts are talking a good
deal about child study, child psychology,
etc. Do our Catholic teachers sufficiently
realize the powerful appeal that Catholic
truth and devotion and ceremony make to
the young? At any rate such pamphlets as
"Talks for the Little Ones" by a Religious
of the Holy Child Jesus (C. T. S.) will
prove inspirational to Catholic instructors
of youth. A smaller C. T. S. publication.
"With Jesus My Friend," conveys informa-
tion in simple language about Prayer, Bene-
diction, Our Lady, etc. "A Little Book on
Purgatory," by Allen Ross, Priest of the
London Oratory, explains that doctrine,
brings out its consolatory aspect, and tells
how we may help the Poor Souls. It is a
multum in parvo. (The C. T. S. pamphlets
are kept for sale by the B. Herder Book Co.,
17 S. Broadway. St. Louis, Mo.)

Books Received

Practical Philosophy of Life. Facts, Principles,
Actions. By Ernest R. Hull, S.J. Editor of The
Examiner, ii & 257 pp. 12mo. Bombay: Examiner
Press; St. Louis, Mo.: B. Berder Book Co.
45 cts. (Wrapper).

Divorce. By the Rev. M. Ceslas Forest, O.P., Pro-
fessor of Theology in the Dominican College of
Ottawa. Translation and Preface by Dr. J. K.
Foran. 171 pp. 8vo. Ottawa: The Ottawa Print-
ing Co.; St. Louis, Mo.: B. Herder Book Co.
$1 net. (Wrapper).

The Greater Lore. By Chaplain George T. Mc-
Carthy, U. S. Army. 161 pp. 8vo. Chicago:
Extension Press.

Soziale Arbeit im neuen Detitschland. Festschrift
zum 70. Geburtstage von Franz Hitze. Dargeboten
von Hans Frhr. von Berlepsch, Theodor Brauer,
Goetz Briefs, Karl Dunkmann, Robert von Erd-
berg, Ernst Francke, Johann Giesberts, Anton
Heinen, Ludwig Heyde, Paul Kaufmann, Franz
Keller, Joseph Maushach, Heinrich Pesch, August
Pieper, Benedikt Schmittmann, Adolf Weber.
260 pp. 8vo. M.-Gladbach: Volksvereinsverlag.
18 marks.

A Mill Tote, Pasto.: The Story of a Witty and
Valiant Priest. By Rev. Joseph P. Conroy, S'.J.
226 pp. 12mo. Benziger Bros. $1.75 net.

The Missions o>i<l Missionaries of California. New
S'eries. Local History. San Diego Mission. By
Fr. Zephyrin Engelhardt, O.F.M. xiv. & 358 pp.
8vo. San Francisco: The James H. Barry Co.
$3 net.

Moss in Honor of St. Joan of Arc. For Mixed
Voices. By J. Gruber (Op. 311 b). New York:
J. Fischer & Bro. Score 80 cts.; voice parts, $1.20.

The Church and the Problems of To-Day. By Rev.
George T. Schmidt. 165 pp. 12mo. Benziger Bros.
$1.50.

Thoughts on June. [Poems]. By Kathleen A. Sul-
livan. Milwaukee: The Died'erich-Schaefer Co.
$1.50.

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 10

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

May 15, 1921

Need of a Free Catholic Press

An editorial comment in the Christ-
ian Democrat for April, which should
be pondered seriously by American
Catholics, runs as follows :

"The progress of the Church in this
country [England] depends on the
activities of Catholics. We ought to be
continually inspecting our activities for
the purpose of finding faults and mak-
ing improvements. That admirable pa-
per. The Sower is doing invaluable
work by its constructive criticisms of
our educational methods. It would be
a good thing if we could have the same
enlightened discussion of our charitable
organizations. Masters of the spiritual
life recommend a daily examination of
conscience. On the same principle we
would suggest a periodical review of
our methods and equipment in practical
works. The correspondence columns
of our Catholic weekly papers are
among their most interesting features,
precisely because the function of criti-
cism is performed there."

We would recommend the above ob-
servation to the serious attention of the
reverend editor of the Little Rock
(Ark.) Guardian, who takes us to task
in Xo. 42 of his paper for a few words
we wrote in the F. R. of March 15,
concerning the Catholic Press Month ;
namely, that "there are few independ-
ent publications worthy of support, be-
cause the guiding spirit of American
Catholic journalism is a blind subserv-
iency, than which there is nothing more
unworthy of the liberty that makes
men free.'" And to the statement of the
Christian Democrat that "Masters of
the spiritual life recommend a daily
examination of conscience," let us add
that the same masters of asceticism
strongly insist on admonitors, admoni-
tions, and public Ccommunitv) accusa-

tion of faults. The value of this sort
of criticism ought to be appreciated by
our critic, who is a member of one of
our oldest religious orders.

In the course of a perfectly good
column of literary sparring, we are
accused of several serious logical and
philosophical faux pas. We about con-
cluded that these made up the greater
portion of our "little piece," but on a
second reading of our reverend critic's
remarks and some hasty resurrection
of school-day lessons, it seemed to us
that we might survive, fit for future
"independent" engagements.

The writer imputes to us four terms
in our argument, which, if they existed,
would indeed vitiate the "syllogism"
and the validity of the conclusion
drawn. However it may be, we thank
him for the opportunity to restate
more clearly, and for his benefit syllo-
gistically, the argument we were trying
to make :

True journalism demands independ-
ence of the editor ;

But diocesan organs are not inde-
pendent ;

Therefore diocesan organs are not
representative of true journalism.

We have called "Barbara celarent..."
to our aid and are now of the opinion
that the above is a true syllogism ; at
any rate, our meaning is probably clear
and the syllogism represents, moreover,
— all non-essentials aside, — the gist of
the argument between the Guardian
editor and ourselves.

Continuing true to scholastic form
we offer the following as proofs for
the respective members of our syllo-
gism.

The major, "True journalism de-
mands independence of the editor," is
a self-evident proposition. People pro-
claim it daily as they grow indignant

146

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 15

at the subserviency of the secular
press ; for they realize that, to give the
facts, all the facts and nothing but the
facts, along with a competent criticism
of them, the editor must be free and
unfettered. It would be just as una-
vailing and bootless a task to prove that
literary criticism demands freedom of
the critic, to prove that an editor should
be independent. The very nature of
both functions demands freedom. The
publisher's review of a book would
hardly be considered a criticism,
though it might be very good "press-
agent" material. Criticism, from the
Greek word kri>w, to judge, demands
a judge. A judge must hold a super-
eminent position above all parties, so
that, having had placed before him the
facts on both sides of any matter, he
may decide truly and fairly.

Diocesan organs are not independ-
ent in this sense. They reflect, as a
rule, the attitude and frame of mind
of the ecclesiastical superior of the
diocese which they represent. That
they have their place, we do not deny,
just as the "house organ'' of a business
or industry or a labor, prohibition, or
Wall Street review has its place. But
we should not look to the house organ
of the Ford Motor Co., for example,
for an unbiased opinion on the contro-
versy between air and water cooled
cars, nor to a Wall Street review for a
true judgment regarding the "open
shop" issue. It is just as unlikely that
one would go to a diocesan organ for
an unbiased criticism of a diocesan
matter in which the respective bishop
was directly interested or had given an
opinion.

Of course, the Guardian editor was
not serious when he lectured us on the
necessity of implicitly obeying the com-
mands of the Church in matters of
faith and morals and of the "intolera-
ble arrogance" for a priest or layman
of her community to "claim wisdom
superior to that of the Church." To do
so may be "intolerable arrogance," but
to confound this statement with the
issue under discussion, is certainly in-
tolerable ignorance. For surely, though
one believe that it were rash, to say the

least, to go contrary to the social pro-
nouncements of a Leo XIII, yet who
will not say that there may be diver-
gence of opinion, for example, regard-
ing the application of the doctrine of
the minimum or living wage? How
vast is not the gulf between the plain
statement of a doctrine and its prac-
tical application in daily life ! WTio will
not say that here there could be mighty
conflicts of master minds without the
imputation of "intolerable arrogance"
to either? Now let us suppose that one
of our American bishops had favored
such and such an application of this
particular doctrine. His diocesan organ
would, of course, and rightly so, inter-
pret and promulgate his personal views.
It must be clear that under the kind
of journalism our critic has in mind
we should soon all be intellectual
marionettes.

But let us make our meaning clearer
by reference to an existing case. The
Non-partisan League was at first a
purely political movement. Not long
after it began its activities in the State
of North Dakota, it strayed from the
purely economic highway and made
excursions into the fields that deal
with morals. The Bishop of Bismarck,
seeing this, immediately became anx-
ious, and after an examination declared
that in his opinion the Catholics of his
diocese should not identify themselves
with the movement as then conducted.
About the same time, the Catholic Cen-
tral Society sent a competent investi-
gator from the Catholic University into
the field, who, in an excellent report,
gave it as his opinion that it would
probably be better for Catholics to take
part in Non-partisan League affairs,
in order to rid an essentially good
movement of certain undesirable ad-
juncts and dangerous leaders.

Was independent journalism in this
case worth while ? We do not know,
for the Central Yerein may. in the
end, prove to be wrong. Meanwhile an
impartial review of the situation was
had. and who will not say that this is
always the foundation for a true judg-
ment, and, we might add, of true and
genuine journalism?

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

147

The lack of any considerable amount
of solid criticism, and of appreciation
of its necessity, in the American
Church bodes ill for the future. Amer-
ican Catholics are not free in this sense,
and until we are willing to say, as the
Christian Democrat of England says,
that "we ought to be continually in-
specting our activities for the purpose
of finding faults and making improve-
ments." we shall not make any great
advance as a community. The Catholic
body in America at present is stagnant
and lacks that intellectual vitality which
would make it a tremendous influence
in the present crisis. But so long as
we insist on having all our criticism
come "from the top" — which means,
strictly speaking, no criticism at all —
so long as we are satisfied to be lulled
to sleep by official organs attuned to
ecclesiastical ears, so long, as we said
in our previous article, will the "guid-
ing spirit of American Catholic jour-
nalism be a blind subserviency, than
which there is nothing more unworthy
of the liberty that makes men free."

Ordination Day
By Lawrence M. Loerke, St. Francis, Wis.

What rapture meet is yours today
When God's high altar you ascend.

Soft songs of angels flood your way.
Unearthly sweet their voices blend.

The longed-for day at length arrived,
Fulfillment of thy fondest dream.

The years of hardships safe survived.
But as a passing cloud they seem.

A Priest of God! what boon is thine

To be His minister on earth.
What power, to change the bread and wine,

Each day renew our great Love's birth.

Another Christ ! O blessed thought,
To lift the fallen from the ground,

The poor to comfort, mercy fraught,
To give the deaf a warning sound.

Go forth eternal Priest of God.

In His high name proclaim the Life.
Forget thy home, thy native sod,

Stay pure and noble in the strife.

This life is short, its days are few,
Earth soon will be a dismal wreck.

But thou in realms beyond the blue
Willst reign with bless'd Melchisedek.

Dominicana

To the Editor: —

Your April 1st issue has just reached
me. Having had experience of your
fairmindedness on a former occasion,
I once again crave the hospitality of
your columns for a few words in reply
to the Very Rev. Fr. O'Daniel. O.P.

1. All the letters and papers printed
in my book "Ex Umbris," except the
Notes by Fr. Danzas, are to be found.
I believe, in at least two or three other
archives, besides those of the Province
of Lyons; and these letters and papers
are what Fr. Jandel expressly wished
to be in the hands of every member of
the Order interested in the great ques-
tions involved. But I must beg to
differ with Fr. O'Daniel when he de-
scribes Foisset's Life of Lacordaire, in
connection with the controversy, as
"excellent and judicial." Foisset's
work, in my humble opinion, was an
cx-parte plea ; because extensive use of
Jandel's Memorial is precisely what he
did not make; and because, as for the
important letters between the two men,
he did not publish a single one! It
seems that Fr. Lacordaire himself de-
stroyed all the correspondence he had
had on the question, and his biographer
made up his mind to conceal it all too.
"Je crois etre fidele, he says (Vol. II.
p. 331). a sa pensee [i. e.. Lacord-
aire's,] et a sa memoire en n'en repro-
dnisant rien ici." But that is not his-
tory ; for we read history not because
we wish to be kept in ignorance, but
because we want to know the truth.

2. Not only do the Dominican Con-
stitutions require the names of two
Dominican censors to be printed in a
book, but also the name of the Pro-
vincial or Master-General (cf. num.
1153.) But there are several things in
the Constitutions which, especially in
view of the New Canon Law, are no
longer binding. I was given to under-
stand that this was one of them, and
I have not yet been told authoritatively
that I am mistaken. Canon 1385 lays
down that no book may be published
without the permission of the Ordi-
nary. A bishop in England, when asked

148

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 15

recently for his permission, deleted
the name of the Provincial, saying that
there should be only one Imprimatur.
The principle, therefore, of preserving
the names, it seems, has gone. This
point, however, is but a side-issue ; for,
needless to remark, "Ex Umbris" was
not published without the permission
of the Order, as the words Cum Supe-
rior uin licentia, I should have thought,
ought clearly to indicate. The names
of the two re visors of "Ex Umbris,'"
appointed by the Provincial, I will
gladly forward to Fr. O'Daniel, if he
really would like to know them.

3. Lastly, I too willingly leave "Ex
Umbris" to the judgment of its read-
ers, for no one, I venture to believe,
will be able to refute the principles,
which a great General of the Order has
laid down therein. I too am not afraid
of any comparison being made with
what other learned men have written,
but recommend to students, especially,
the works of Bl. Humbert of Romans
and the letters, now easily obtainable,
of the other early Master-Generals in
the first and best days of the Order.

Fr. Raymund Devas. O.P.

Newcastle-on-Tyne, England

Congregational Singing

To the Editor: —

In answer to Rev. Dr. F. J. Kelly's
article under the same caption in the
F. R. of April 15, I would ask the
question : "Where rests the responsibil-
ity for the current neglect of the Holy
Father's wish with regard to Church
music?"'

The reform in Church music, speak-
ing in general, appears to have had a
greater effect than we are usually will-
ing to concede. Congregational singing,
however, does not make any progress.
As Father Kelly rightly states, it is
"very desirable that the elements of
the Gregorian chant be taught and
exercised in the parochial school."

It has come under the observation of
the writer (an "old-timer" organist)
that in a certain flourishing parish
where Sisters and Brothers have the

supervision over the parochial schools,
not less than 24 different hymn books
are in daily use. The boys use one
kind, while the girls have a different
kind. There are in use the following:
Hellebusch, St. Basil's Hymn Book,
Caecilia, Cantate, The Parish Hymn
Book, not mentioning the numerous
books used by Brothers and Sisters of
the respective orders. "Ave Maria" is
sung to the melody "How dry I am,"
"O Salutaris"' to the melody "We won't
go home till morning," etc. How can
such a congregation ever think of hav-
ing congregational singing? The organ-
ist — "poor boob" — has been trying his
utmost to no avail. When he complains
to the pastor he gets the answer :
"What can I do in the matter," or,
"That is the human element in religious
life."' Here ends the organist's part.
Next Sunday comes, he goes to the or-
gan — not knowing what the good Sister
or Brother will place before him. All
he does is to play and try to follow the
whims of the one who practised the
songs with the school children.

Instead of following the express
wish of our Holy Father we find in
many schools the phonograph as in-
structor and the taste of the innocent
children is spoiled by "popular" trash.

Imagine fifty or sixty children in the
fifth and sixth grade reciting their
morning prayers in clear, distinct, sweet
voices, followed by "I'm forever blow-
ing bubbles," "Till we meet again,"
etc., etc.

Need we wonder that those who are
responsible for such crimes will criti-
cize Singenberger's "Gregorian Mass,"
rendered in a creditable manner, by
paying : "All we need in our church is
a film, and we shall have a regular
motion picture show"?

As long as the taste for good Church
music is not cultivated in the semi-
naries, so long there will be no chance
for betterment in that field. The good
Sisters and Brothers will continue to
do as they please. With some the
Motu proprio and the express wish of
the Holy Father are not worth the pa-
per they are written on. J. B.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

149

Ven. Mary de Agreda and Her Alleged
Miraculous Flights to New Mexico

To the Editor: —

In the F. R. for April 15, I read:
"Father Zephyrin Engelhardt, O.F.M.,
in the Franciscan Herald, upholds the
authenticity and genuineness of Benavi-
des's report concerning the miraculous
flights of Ven. Mother Mary de Agreda
to the Jumana Indians in New Mexico,
early in the seventeenth century."

Those of your subscribers who read
the Franciscan Herald since last
December, will be amused, mayhap
amazed, to find me charged with up-
holding Fr. Benavides's story. Let us
set matters right.

The Jumanas, who then dwelt a hun-
dred leagues to the northeast of Isleta,
New Mexico, claimed to have been
visited for years by a beautiful "Lady
in Blue." who urged them to call upon
the missionaries among the Pueblos
and to ask for admission to Christian-
ity. Meanwhile, at irregular intervals,
she continued to instruct the Jumanas
in the Christian faith. Finally, in 1628,
the Jumanas approached Fr. Juan de
Salas at Isleta and told him of their
remarkable experience. He accom-
panied them to their country and found
their people well prepared for the
reception of Baptism. He urged them,
however, to come and settle down in
New Mexico. They did so, and all
apparently became Christians. For this
much of the case we are altogether in-
dependent of Fr. Benavides.

In 1629, Fr. Benavides went to Spain
and discovered that the "Lady in Blue"
was none other than Mother Mary.
Abbess of the Conceptionist Nuns at
Agreda. After several conferences
with her, Fr. Benavides wrote his
enthusiastic account of her flights to
New Mexico. His version of the case
is all that writers on the subject were
acquainted with. On this they harped.
and drew from it the conclusions that
"harmonized with their notions. Far
from upholding Benavides, and far
from taking the part of a theologian,
and much less that of an apologist, I
■endeavored, like all solid historians, to

ascertain the evidence of the chief wit-
ness — Mother Mary herself. This is
what all critics, your two correspond-
ents included, should have done before
passing judgment on the case with no
other authority than that of Benavides.

The evidence of Mother Mary I
secured directly from Spain. It is con-
tained in the work entitled Autentici-
dad de la Mistica Ciudad de Dios y
Biografia de Su Autora (Barcelona,
1914). Details, of course, cannot be
presented here. Suffice it to say that
Mother Mary was summoned before
the Inquisition nineteen years after Fr.
Benavides visited her. From January
16 to January 29, 1650, she was sub-
jected to a grilling examination every-
day, barring one, for three hours in the
morning and three hours in the after-
noon. During these days, eighty ques-
tions were put to her. the greater por-
tion of which concerned the conver-
sion of the Indians. In places, Mother
Mary complains bitterly of the inaccu-
racies in Fr. Benavides's story, with
which she had become acquainted only
long after they had appeared in print.
Some of the falsities and misconstruc-
tions are reproduced in theFranciscan
Herald. The result of the examination
was that the inquisitors went away
"filled with admiration and satisfaction
as to the virtue, truth, and constancy
of the servant of God," Mother Mary.
The Inquisitors did not pass judgment
on her flights ; but they did pass judg-
ment, and that a very uncomplimentary
one, on Benavides and others who
abused their authority by representing
her as saying what she did not want to
say. She herself never asserted that
she had in person visited the New
Mexican and other regions of the New
World. Still, she was aware of what
was going on there. Whether she had
been there "in the body or out of it,"
she did not know.

All these observations are matters of
history and not of theology. A solu-
tion of the difficulty might be sought.
however, and then we enter the prov-
ince of philosophy, which looks for an
adequate cause to explain a patent

150

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May IB

effect. Last year, one of your corre-
spondents gave it as his opinion that
Mother Mary had simply entered
dreamland, if I understood him cor-
rectly. The other declared she had ob-
tained her knowledge of New Mexico
and its Indians through clairvoyance.
What both ignore is the effect produced
in New Mexico, namely the conversion
of the Indians, which could not have
been produced by dreaming about it
five thousand miles away, and much
less by the aid of a mental telescope.
Both had only Benavides to rely on.
They knew nothing of Mother Mary's
testimony, otherwise they could not
have offered explanations that explain
nothing. Personally, as I stated in the
Franciscan Herald (February, 1921,
p. 116), "we believe that there is noth-
ing incongruous for Him [God] to
choose a frail creature to bring about
the conversion of an apparently clean
Indian tribe, which was harassed on all
sides by infidel savages, and which
seemed to be dying out, in order to
save the remnant in the way it is re-
lated." That is all the theology I put
into it, and every Catholic will find it
reasonable. As to the rest, the Church
has not yet spoken.

Fr. Zephyrin Engelhardt, O.F.M.

Santa Barbara, Cal.

Apropos of a Queer Ad in a Catholic
Magazine

To the Editor: —

Allow me to congratulate the writer
of the article in your May 1st issue, "A
Queer Ad in a Catholic Magazine,"
(signed) "An Engineer." That same
question had often come to my mind, but
I never had the courage to bring it up. I
have noticed advertisements in many
of our prominent Catholic publications
'hat were absurd on their face. Catholic
publications should investigate such ad-
vertisements before accepting them, if
for no other reason than to protect their
readers.

Take our business, for instance. If
a man is disappointed with a misrepre-
sented advertisement, that settles him
for a long time to come in purchasing

through that source. Not only he suf-
fers, but eventually the publication, too,
because the honest advertiser will not
receive any adequate returns, and
naturally drops out.

Our cigar business is a mail-order
proposition with a card index follow-up
system. We are now running 22,000
names with 3,000 added each year, and
are just receiving returns from literature
started six years ago. The majority of
the returns average from three to five
years. (These people are called on at
regular intervals). Our records show,
and it goes to prove that the public
is so misled by exaggerated advertise-
ments that it takes time to gain their
confidence. If the public would only use
their thinking cap and reason that it
lakes two and two to make four, and
that nobody can produce something for
nothing, men would not be so easily
humbugged.

A. M. Wagner
Buffalo, X. Y.

To the Editor: —

Apropos of "A Queer Ad in a Cath-
olic Magazine" (F. R., No. 9) may I
be allowed to ask "An Engineer" the
following question ? Did you ever study
L. L. Cooke's Correspondence Course?
I may be mistaken, but I am absolutely
convinced that a student having master-
ed the course thoroughly, and having
had some practical experience, could
command a vearlv salarv of from
$3500—10,000," considering that I had to
pay to wire-splicers, calling themselves
electricians, $1.60 per hour. One does
not have to be a college man or a high
school graduate to start the course, but
he will miss a high school or college
education before he has finished the
tenth lesson.

[Rev.] John Nigg, O.S.B.
(Graduate of C. E. W.)
JVindtliorst. Tex.

* * *

To the Editor :

In the F. R. for May 1st there ap-
peared a timely article under the head-
ing, "A Queer Ad in a Catholic Maga-
zine." The writer pointed out an abuse
which has, to some extent, crept into

19*1

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

151

the advertising columns of Catholic
magazines and newspapers. It is true
that a good deal of present-day adver-
tising tends to exaggerate, and often-
times facts are misrepresented. By this
ruse many unwary readers are induced
to take advantage of the offers made
with the result that time and money
are wasted on false propositions which
are not able to produce the effects
promised.

But there is another kind of adver-
tising, appearing of late in Catholic
newspapers, which produces results even
more serious than those of exaggerated
advertising. Ads featuring film pro-
ductions of a doubtful character and
pictures of society "belles'' dressed in
the all too scanty attire of modern
fashion, should not appear in Catholic
papers. Readers are influenced in no
small degree when they see a motion
picture advertised or a certain kind of
dress sanctioned by a Catholic paper.

But we must not be too severe in our
criticism of Catholic newspapers and
magazines. For the past few. years
they have had to fight against great
odds and frequently the enormous cost
of publication has almost forced them
to run ads which would not have been
considered in more prosperous times.
It would be better, however, both for
the Church and the interests of ;he
paper itself, to carry a grade of adver-
tising that defies criticism. The Catho-
lic Church is the great teacher of truth
and righteousness and all her colaborers
should work in harmony, whether they
be active teaching ministers or silent
missionaries who teach through the writ-
ten page.
Milwaukee, Wis. ^^^^ J- J- B -

— The spirit of the Red Cross in France
and Belgium is one of intolerance. The Lon-
don Daily Herald (April 6) reports from
Geneva that when the international Red
Cross Conference, lately held in that city.
refused to exclude the German representa-
tives from its meetings, - the French and Bel-
gian delegates absented themselves. The con-
ference showed its disapproval of this un-
generous act by unanimously passing a reso-
lution which calls upon all nations "to com-
bat the war spirit that still hovers over
the world."

Godless Accounts of Religious Events

To the Editor: —

Instead of whining about the scant
space given to Catholic doings by the
secular press, our Catholic editors ought
tc shake off their materialistic and
pagan style of treating current religious
events. In writing of a new church, for
instance, the average Catholic editor
minutely gives the dimensions, building
material, cost, donors of windows, etc.,
and the picture of the pastor who
"erected a lasting monument to him-
self," but says not a word about the
Eucharistic Christ — the great Dweller
in the "house of God."

If the theme is the consecration of
a new bishop, the Catholic editor usual-
ly adds to his hurriedly gathered bio-
graphical data, choice bits from the con-
secration sermon, telling of the noble
deeds that "foreshadowed the deserved
promotion," but not a word about the
Epistle to Timothy and other sacred
expositions of the mutual duties of
bishops, priests, and people. A ban-
quet with its menu and "toasts," usually
"crowns the celebration." The idea of
promotion is so strongly emphasized in
our Catholic press that John the Baptist
would almost look ridiculous should he
suddenly appear in one of our sanctua-
ries, saying : "There cometh one after
me, whose shoes of his feet I am not
worthy to loose. Men, brethren, and
whoever among you fear God, to you
the word of salvation is sent." (Acts,
13.)

What an antipodal difference between
our Catholic editors and the sacred
writers who reported great religious
events in the beginning of the Church.
"Ye men of Israel," said St. Peter at
the first Christian Pentecost, "hear
these words : Jesus of Nazareth, whom
you, by the hands of wicked men, have
crucified, is risen again. Do penance
and be baptized every one of you."
(Acts, 2.) Men, even baptized ones, are
still crucifying Christ by their sins; and
a preacher might be tolerated saying
from a pulpit : "Do penance, every one
of you;" but it would hardly be con-
sonant with the conceit of our "self-

152

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May li>

made" and comfortable pious readers to
be told this same thing in cold print.

Naturally the secular press, whenever
it "features" some Catholic event, close-
ly follows in the footsteps of the Cath-
olic editor, and confines its accounts to
materialistic aspects, with every vestige
of Christ or the Redemption eliminated.
The secular editor or reporter, ac-
customed as he is to render his "stories"
more palatable to an undiscerning,
sluggish-minded, and gullible public, by
freely adding to them "color," incidental
embellishment, and vraisemblancc, has
the best of the religious editor, who
is expected to be at least truthful. The
highest officials of the Church are made
to submit to this pagan treatment. Thus,
the noteworthy papal statement which
the newsgatherers sent out concerning
the appointment of Cardinal Dougherty,
was an expression of thanks for three
American silk flags donated for the oc-
casion by an American millionaire mer-
chant. Our dailies duly announced that
one hundred Philadelphians were to go
to New York to greet the new Cardinal,
and that the welcoming delegation, con-
sisting of several hundred, would "as-
semble in the hotel. . . .for breakfast on
Wednesday at 6 A.M." In copying this,
Catholic editors ought to have added
that most if not all the priest delegates
said Mass, and that many, if not most
of the lay delegates received Holy Com-
munion that morning.

Said one daily : "The delegation will
go in two boats, the John F. Hylan and
the Correction. At quarantine his ma-
jesty will be taken aboard the former."
Catholic editors will hardly notice the
incongruity of "his majesty" under a
"red hat." because everything "goes"
where "nothing is too good or too grand
for the occasion." To keep within the
spirit of the orthodox color, the press
made much of red lights, red flowers,
and red fires in connection with the two
•.-pecial trains carrying the Cardinal with
a delegation of 800 from New York to
Philadelphia. To cap the climax of the
"affair," the secular press announced:
"The dinner to be given in honor of the
Cardinal by the 4th degree K. of C.

will be the biggest banquet in the his-
tory of the Order."

In these disastrous times, when entire
nations are in agony because they are
religiously bankrupt, and when America
itself threatens to descend to a worse
than pagan sensuality, the Catholic
press ought to be made to teach faith
and morality at every religious celebra-
tion. If editors cannot detect any re-
ligious features in our Catholic festivi-
ties, our nascent Catholic schools of
journalism may be of great service. Of
course, the Catholic editor excuses him-
self on the ground that he must "keep
his nose to the grindstone" to make a
living ; and the Catholic reader, that
his religious paper is not worth sub-
scribing for ; but God always provides a
remedy, as he provided a ram for Abra-
ham's sacrifice. "Whether you eat or
drink, or whatever else you do, do all
to the glory of God." (II Cor. 10:31).
If we are asked to eat for the glory
of God. how much more should every
account of a religious function give, not
only glory to men, but a modicum of
honor «to God? G. Z.
— <s>-~

Severe Judgments Upon Psycho-
Analysis

Condemnatory criticisms of the va-
garies of the Freudian psycho-analytic
methods are accumulating on all sides.
One of the enthusiastic disciples of
Freud has come to grief by a hard and
fast application of the theories of the
master to literature. In strict keeping
with the latter's guiding motif, the
writer, Albert Mordell, entitles his book
"The Erotic Motive in Literature."

The Times Literary Supplement
(London) comments as follows on this
book :

"In this book psycho-analysis is seen
trying to digest literature. We say ad-
visedly 'trying,' for while the swallow-
ing capacity of the infant science is
enormous, it does not digest some
morsels without effort. . . . Whether
you love happily or unhappily, psycho-
analysis will find you out. But a good
deal of the weight imposed by Mr.
Mordell's book was dissipated when

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

153

we found that his method was only a
tortuous way of saying that authors
wrote of what interested them most.
To bring this familiar fact within the
scope of psycho-analysis, terms like
"repression' and 'unconscious' must be
freely stretched. Eventually the re-
pressions and reactions are found to
include conscious processes of which
writers and their readers may be quite
aware. The most convincing of Mr.
Mordell's interpretations seem to us to
depend upon close reading rather than
psycho-analysis. That would not ac-
count, of course, for the sexual symbols
and the erotic clue, but we are really
tempted to say that this obsession points
to a complex in the theorists them-
selves. In any case it has nothing to
<lo with the value of a work of art."

It seems that the traces of "a com-
plex in the theorists themselves" will
account for a good deal of this Freu-
dian and pseudo psycho-analytic writ-
ing. For if we rest the case with the
.ardent disciples of Freud, there is abso-
lutely no manifestation of the life of
the spirit which is not capable of sexual
interpretation. The good sense of man-
kind will rebel against such a forced
explanation and rather look for "ob-
sessions" in the minds of the theorizers
themselves.

At least one eminent French psychol-
ogist finds that the Freudian theorizers
everywhere look for the "germs" of
"forbidden complexes" that dominate
their own minds. In a letter to the
editor of the Nation (Dec. 7, 1916),
Professor Frank Angell of Stanford
University said : "There are several
reasons why psychologists have been
unwilling to mix in the Freudian mess
"besides a healthy objection to nastiness
in general. One of these reasons is
nicely expressed by the revered Yves
"Delage. He says: Tn my judgment, if
in all these psycho-analyses is found
that mess of sexual complexes whence
has arisen the idea of pan-sexualism,
the reason is that the psycho-analysts
are chiefly persons in whom these com-
plexes were most active. There is, in
fact, frequent occasion in the practice

of psycho-analysis to thrust to the fore
one's sexual complexes under the sin-
cere and honest guise of medical prac-
tice.' "

Mr. Angell comments as follows:
"An argumentum ad homincm on this
subject is not one that most people
would care to make. Nevertheless I
presume it an opinion that not a few
psychologists have, and that they will
not be sorry to have it voiced by a
psychologist of the age and reputation
of Delage."

But to return to our literary psycho-
analyst. Mr. Mordell is evidently an
unsound guide to literary appreciation,
judging from the criticisms that have
been written on his book. The re-
viewer in the Times concludes with
these words :

"The book pursues its way with such
irrelevance to this value [of a book as
a work of art] that it was a surprise
to find the author confessing at the
end that art has a magic beauty, and
literature is a reality in itself. We
agree with him as to the personal inter-
est of art. But then the artist must
express himself as a person; merely as
the victim of a complex he expresses
nothing. Even the sweet germination
of an idea and its unconscious develop-
ment at intervals are very different
activities from Mr. Mordell's 'uncon-
scious,' which is chiefly pathological.
The unconscious may become a thrill-
ing business in the consulting room ;
but after reading these pages we are
bound to say that as a guide to litera-
ture it is a bore."

We can hardly expect, therefore,
any revolutionary discoveries from the
rigid application of psycho-analysis to
human activities, at least not for many
a year. In fact, it may turn out that
many of the widelv-heralded results of
modern psycho-analysis have been fore-
shadowed in the "psychology of the
schools."

Albert Muxtsch, S.J.

— Tlie general inanity of the "movies" is
largely attributed to the fact that the produ-
cers have tried to please too many people,
and have succeeded in doing so.

154

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 15

The First White Converts in North
America

In 1610, on the 24th of June, the first
Indians were baptized in North Amer-
ica, north of Florida. Port Royal, now
Annapolis, in Nova Scotia, was the site
where this memorable event took place.
The first Indian converts were Member-
ton, principal chief of the Micmacs, and
twenty other Indians of the same tribe,
whom Father Jesse Fleche, a French
secular priest, baptized as the first fruits
of God's harvest on that summer day.

Regarding the first conversion of
Protestants to the Catholic Church on
American soil we are not so well in-
formed. The secular priests and the
Franciscans and Jesuits who had been
laboring in Canada from 1604 to 1629,
do not report any converts gained
among the few Huguenots living in that
country. In 1629 all Catholic priests
were carried off by the English when
they took possession of Acadia and
Canada. Sir William Alexander, later
Earl of Stirling, in 1629, established at
Port Royal a colony consisting of na-
tives of Scotland. Three years later
Acadia was restored to the French. As
soon as the French commander de Ra-
zilly arrived at Port Royal, in the sum-
mer of 1632, Captain Forrester, the
Scotch commander, surrendered the
place to him.

The Scotch colony was at that time in
an extremely feeble state. To most of
its members, therefore, the order to re-
turn to their native land was most wel-
come. A few, however, decided to re-
main and cast their lot with the French,
who were come to occupy the country.

These Scotch families who remained
in Acadia in 1632 became entirely lost
amid the French population in the
course of one generation, and they are,
to all appearances, the first white con-
verts to the Catholic Church in North
America. Cardinal Richelieu had ex-
pressly stipulated that only Catholic
Frenchmen were allowed to settle in
Acadia, and the new commander, Isaac
dc Razilly, a Knight of Malta and near
relative of the Cardinal, carried out this

injunction with the greatest diligence.
Accordingly not a single Protestant set-
tier was to be found in that colony from
1632 to 1650. The Scotch settlers,
therefore, who remained in the country
in 1632, must have embraced the Cath-
olic faith. We know that three families,
possibly four, did not leave the country
in 1632 and were soon merged in the
French population. The names of them
are known — Colson, Paisley and Mei-
lanson. The spelling of the latter name
was changed into the French form Me-
lancon ( Richard, "Acadia," I, pp. 29
sq.). These Scotch settlers "undoubt-
edly mingled their blood with that of the
Acadians, all Frenchmen and Catholics,
and became the founders of Acadian
families which still exist in Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick." (Hannay, Cana-
dian Archives, 1905, I, p. viii). The
Melangon family became very numerous
and important. Another family name
occurs, with the curious spelling of
"Kriessy" or "Kuessyy' which might be
a corruption of a Scotch name. The
Colsons and Paisleys had no male issue
and became extinct in the male line some
time before 1671, while the Melanqons
are numerous among modern Acadians.
The first census of the Acadians, com-
piled in 1671. records a daughter of Col-
son married to Gaudet and having one
son, likewise a daughter of Paisley mar-
ried to Pitre and having a son. Accord-
ingly, those three Scotch families are
still in existence with a large progeny.
The New Englanders who put the de-
ported Acadians to the greatest indig-
nities at Boston, in 1755, during the war
between England and France, had not
the slightest idea that some of those in-
sulted papists were their own kin, able
to trace their pedigree back to ancestors
who had emigrated from Scotland in
1629 and 1630.

Since Catholicism was virtually
stamped out in Scotland in those days,
these Colsons, Paisleys and Mellansons
at Port Royal or Annapolis are probably
the first converts from Protestantism in
North America. If the church records
of those davs should turn up somewhere

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

155

ill France, as there is reason to hope, we
shall undoubtedly be informed about the
exact dates of their conversions and
learn the name of the Capuchin mis-
sionary who received those first con-
verts into the church at Port Royal in
1632. J. L.

Comparative Religion — Its Use and
Abuse

Father Ernest R. Hull, S.J., in a pa-
per in the Bombay Examiner (Vol. 70,
Xo. 14), makes some timely remarks
about the science of comparative reli-
gion, its use and abuse.

Comparative religion, he says, is
the clumsy, though expressive, name
for a science of recent origin, which un-
fortunately has acquired for itself a
bad reputation. The term seems to
have come into vogue more or less in
this way. Formerly people used to
study different religions separately, and
this was called the "Study of Religion." 1
In more recent times they began to com-
pare one religion with another, and
this was called "Comparative Study of
Religion.'' Then the parts of the name
got dislocated like the "lumena pas
tecum fi" inscription, and so it became
the "Study of Comparative Religion" ;
and finally we got to "Comparative Re-
ligion," tout court.

Comparative religion is a science just
as much as physics or biology. Its ele-
ments are: (1) An analysis of the con-
tents of different religions; (2) A com-
parison showing likenesses and differ-
ences; (3) a search into the origin of
likenesses and differences; (4) conclu-
sions drawn as to their connection and
derivation.

Comparative Religion, we have said,
has got a bad name among the ortho-
dox, because it has been taken up most
energetically by rationalists, sceptics,
materialists, and evolutionists, and
turned into an argument against the
truth of religion in general, and against
the divine origin of Christianity in par-
ticular. The greatest stress has been
laid on the debased elements of various
religions, while the nobler features are
ignored; and the origin of all religion

has been variously ascribed to such
causes as (1) a fanciful endeavor to
interpret the wonders of nature ; (2 )
awe and dread of nature's hurtful
forces, and appreciation of nature's
benefits, both personified into demons
or gods ; (3) nightmares and dreams ;
(4) incantations and magic ; (5) totem-
i^m ; ( 6 ) animism ; and where these fail
resort has been had either to (7) hero-
worship or ( 8 ) worship of the dead
and so on. These ideas, they say, grad-
ually gave rise to myths ; and theology
was merely an abstract expression of
the ideas underlying these myths.

There is so much truth in some of
the.->e contentions, as regards savage
and archaic religions, as to give ex-
treme plausibility to certain theories,
which were partly assumed at the be-
ginning of the investigation, and partly
deduced therefrom. Those theories
were: ( I) that religion is throughout a
subjective product of the human mind
without divine or supernatural basis;
and ( 2 ) that Christianity is merely one
among the rest ; a theology based on
mvlhology, and nothing more.

Thus the Christian apologist has his
work cut out for him, not merely to put
forth the ordinary credentials of Chris-
tianity , but also to refute the conclu-
sions of comparative religionists by
taking up the alleged facts, and either
exploding them as false, or, if true,
showing that they do not support the
destructive conclusions of the critics.

The study of Comparative Religion
has meantime been of great service to
the cause of religious truth by confirn,-
ing, in a manner unknown to our ances-
tors, the argument of the consensus hu-
manus. namely, that the truth of reli-
gion is proved by the universal belief
of the human race. Formerly the ra-
tionalists used to play the mischief with
this argument, by claiming to have
found many savage tribes who pos-
sessed no religious ideas at all ; and
then they tried to dispose of a number
of other cases by alleging that religious
ie'eas had filtered in from Christian
missionary sources. Closer investiga-
tion, however, has practicallv disponed
of these two allegations. Tribes alleged

156

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 15

Catholic Art and Architecture

applied to modern parochial buildings

The booklet has been highly recommended by experts and members of the hierarchy and clergry who have made

the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by thi professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post free

Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

to be devoid of all religious ideas were
found on examination to possess them
quite clearly ; while, in other cases,
the alleged missionary influence could
be eliminated, and still leave a residuum
of traditional religious knowledge.

Many important contributions have
been made to this new science by Cath-
olic missionaries, and Fr. Hull calls
especially upon those engaged in India
to devote their leisure hours to the
problems raised by modern Rationalism
in connection with comparative religion.

immense energy, great if not supreme
ability, and the desire, almost realized,
to be a saint. Was there more than
that in him?

Shane Leslie's Book on Manning

We agree with the Manchester
Guardian ( weekly edition. Vol. IV,
No. 15) that Air. Shane Leslie's
"Henry Edward Manning: His Life
and Labours" ( Burns, Oates & Wash-
bourne) is a disappointment. The style
is defective and. what is worse, the au-
thor suffers so much from what Mac-
auley called the lues Boswettiana, or
disease of blind admiration, that he
can see absolutely nothing but good in
.Manning and nothing but evil in those
who differed with him. In spite of
these serious faults, however, the vol-
ume is one of absorbing interest. Man-
ning, in his long life as an Anglican
and a Catholic, met almost every-
one of importance in England, and
indeed in European society, for the
best part of half a century, and was
himself not the least interesting fignre
in every group. Taken with Purcell's
"Life," this book supplies all the facts.
We fed. however, like the Guardian's
critic, "that one thing yet remains to be
given — namely, a convincing character
sketch of Manning himself." The his-
torians have spoken; the psvchologist*
have yet to speak. The present book
leaves us with the picture of a man of

Forty Years of Missionary Life

in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.

( Thirty-First Installment)

On the ioth of December, 1890, the new
church of the Sacred Heart in Peach
Orchard was blessed by Bishop Fitzgerald.

In April, 1891, at the request of Father
Pius, O. S. B., Pastor of Doniphan, Missouri,
I preached a mission in the little old church
at Poplar Bluff. The mission was well at-
tended. Seeing the need of a new church
and the good disposition of the people, I in-
duced them to pass a resolution to build a
new church. Three gentlemen came forward
with a subscription of $500 each, which was
quite a sum for Poplar Bluff in those days.
The stately capital of Southeast Missouri
was not then what it is at present. Father
Pius had been holding services in other
places during the mission. He was highly
pleased at the good news upon his return.
In a few months a neat frame church was
built, with four rooms in the rear for the
priest, and at the same time a two-story
house for the school Sisters next to the
church.

However, before the church could be
blessed, the saintly pastor. Father Pius Preis-
ser. O. S. B.. died at Doniphan, Mo., July
6, 1891. Two Benedictine Sisters from Poca-
hontas nursed him in his illness and were
with him when he died. Great was the sor-
row of the people. They prepared for the
funeral at Doniphan, but the Archabbot of
St. Vincent's, Pa., sent an order to forward
the body to the Iron Mountain main line.
The people at Doniphan imagined the burial
would be at the Abbey in Pa., and it was
only through this circumstance that Poplar
Bluff got the honor of burying his remains in
its cemetery. At his funeral I played the
requiem, whilst the choir from Jonesboro
sang and two Benedictine Fathers, PP.
Fngelbert and Jerome, conducted the serv-
ices. Many people asserted that for months
after they saw a light every night over the
grave of the departed priest. He was re-
garded as a saint by Catholics and Protest-

1921 THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW 157

The Most Noteworthy Contribution to Sermon Literature of Recent Years

Sermons for All the Sundays

and for the Chief Festivals of the Year

By the Right Rev. John S. Vaughan, D. D.

Bishop of Sebastopolis

With an Introduction by
Most Rev. John J. Glennon, D. D.

Archbishop of St. Louis, Mo.

Two Volumes, octavo, about 640 pp. Per set, bound in cloth, net $6.00

Bishop A r aughan, one of the famous six Vaughan
brothers who went to the Altar, has devoted himself
particularly to pulpit and missionary work, and
while he gained distinction from the publication of
a number of books of delightful literary qualities,
his chief renown came to him through his remark-
able performances in the pulpit.

He is regarded as one of the greatest living pulpit
speakers and hence this collection of his SERMONS
will be received with the greatest interest.

BISHOP VAUGHAN'S SERMONS breathe the
very spirit of virility that characterizes their vig-
orous author. He treats his subjects in original,
striking ways, and his command of effective illustra-
tion is exceptional.

Abreast of the times in feeling, these SERMONS
will be found to be full of life and spirit, and a
treasure trove of thought and suggestion for pulpit
teachers.

JOSEPH F. WAGNER, (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street

St. Louis: B. Herdei

NEW YORK

Book Co.

ants throughout the whole country. His suc-
cessor was the Rev. Father Donovan, O.
Cist., of the Trappist Abbey of Mt. Mellary,
in Ireland, a noted author.

On Pentecost of this year, the Rev. J. A.
McQuaid, later rector of St. Roman's Church,
Jonesboro, was ordained priest by Bishop
Fitzgerald. He had made his studies in St.
John's College, Minn., at Canisius College,
in Buffalo, N. Y., and, finally, with the
Resurrectionists in Berlin, Ont., Canada.
After that he went through a seminary
course with the Sulpicians in Montreal. Until
July, 1890, he resided with his mother near
Gilkerson. seven miles south of Jonesboro,
where his father owned a large farm. I met
him the first time at a picnic on the 4th of
July. I was trying to make some stands. As
he saw that I was very awkward, he offered
to help, and we began a conversation. I in-
vited him to visit me. When he came to see
me I found that he had made all his studies
for the priesthood. I mentioned the great
need of priests in Arkansas and succeeded
in inducing him to give up his farm and come
with his mother to live with me. I reviewed
the whole course of theology with him.
Whilst he was with me he gave singing
lessons to our pupils, as he is a good violin-
ist. On the 28th of May, 1891, the Feast of
Corpus Christi, he celebrated his first Mass
at St._ Paul's Church, Pocahontas. I acted
as assistant priest. Father Furlong, of New
Madrid, Mo., as deacon, and Father Bona-

venture, O. S. B., pastor of St. Edward's
Church, Little Rock, as subdeacon. In the
early morning of the day previous to this
solemnity five Sisters had made their pro-
fession in the convent chapel. On this,
occasion Father Bonaventure preached a
suitable sermon and I received the vows in
the name of the Bishop. The five Sisters
were : Mary Rose, Mary Adelaide, M. Hilde-
garde, M. Matilda and M. Felicitas.

Father McQaid immediately took charge
of the congregation at Pocahontas, Father
Fuerst having left for a visit to Europe.
Father McQaid became in the course of time
one of the most useful and zealous mis-
sionaries in Arkansas. To him the congre-
gations at Paragould, Hoxie, and Stuttgart
are indebted for a great part of their suc-
cess. With zeal and prudence he has
for a number of years directed St. Roman's
congregation, at Jonesboro, together with
the convent and hospital at that place, and
also attended some missions. He did this
work all alone, whereas I always had to
have an assistant. Bishop Fitzgerald had laid
down the rule that no convent in his diocese
that had a novitiate should be without daily
Mass the whole year round, and as there
were always a number of outside places at-
tended from Jonesboro in my time, there
was work enough for two.

On the 5th and 6th of July, the State
convention of the German Catholics was held
in Little Rock. In those days the relations

158

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 15

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars e m - &» i"» i* i» i« p» i*

SEGAR LOGIC

rpO SHOW the enormous growth of the segar and tobacco industry in the U. S.,
1 a few "

take
figures from the year 1869. The report shows that, during that year, there were
manufactured 991,500,000 segars; 1,750,000 cigarettes; and 64,300,000 pounds of manufactured
(smoking, chewing, and snuff) tobaccos. Compare these figures with the figures of today.
From the Report of the Internal Revenue Commissioner for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1917, we find that, during that year, there was revenue paid on segars to the number of
8,266,770,593. Deducting 375.000.000 which were brought in from Porto Rico and the Philip-
pine Islands, (Porto Rico 208,509,820; Philippines 166,547,493), we have remaining about
7,891,000,000 segars manufactured in the I'. S. during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917,
or 657,600,000 per month, or about 21,700,000 per day. On these segars a revenue of $3.00
per thousand was paid, which amounted to over $24,800,000.
lOn <T1 On Sent Post Paid on Receipt of Money Order or N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory. Tfl <£/ nfl
I UU — 4> I .Oil pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mail uU"4> c f.UU

Matt. Wagner & Son

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

between priests and laymen of both the Ger-
man and Irish nationalities were most
cordial. The meeting was opened by a solemn
pontifical high Mass by Bishop Fitzgerald.
The meetings were held partly in St. An-
drew's Cathedral hall, partly at St. Edward's.
No speaker was more applauded than the
Vicar-General, Very Rev. Dr. Callahan. At
the pontifical high Mass, in the Cathedral, I
preached on the necessity of a thorough
Christian education as the only bulwark
against the avalanche of infidelity, and em-
phasized especially the need of Catholic
parish schools.

During the summer months the Sisters'
house in Paragould was built. In September
the Sisters opened a school with sixty chil-
dren, mostly non-Catholics. They taught at
first in the church. From that time on to
this day Paragould has always had its parish
school, as well as Pocahontas and Jonesboro.
Father Fuerst, rector of St. Paul's, Poca-
hontas, returned from Europe, September
14th, and Father McQuaid went back to
Jonesboro, from where he attended the mis-
sions in Paragould. Peach Orchard, and
Noxie. In the month of October the Sisters
of Maria Stein accepted two new mission
schools: St. Boniface in Fort Smith and
Poplar Bluff, Mo. They now had seven
schools, namely: Pocahontas (white and
negro) Jonesboro, Paragould, Fort Smith.
Engelberg, all in Arkansas, and Poplar Bluff,
Missouri.

In Pocahontas the Sisters also conducted
a so-called academy, where advanced pupils
were taught book-keeping and different
higher branches. It was open to all school
children, boys and girls. Catholic and Pro-
testant, as the town at that time had no high
school. The sisters also took in boarders, but
onlv Catholic children were accepted as such.
I always held it was best to avoid unneces-
sary familiarity with those outside the faith.
Tf the Church wishes Catholic families to be
careful in that respect, I think Catholic in-
stitutions of learning should be even more so.
Tn the eyes of most Protestants it is con-

sidered a kind of propaganda for the Church
to have Protestant children in convents,
whilst I am satisfied that religious indiffer-
ence reaps the greatest harvest, against
which an occasional conversion is like a drop
of water in a bucket. Often, too, talented
and prominent Protestant boarders are
shown preference over the children of the
household, and this leaves a sting in the
hearts of the latter. Also as pastor, I never
rejoiced or felt honored when crowds of
curious outsiders would attend Mass on cer-
tain occasions. Remembering how strictly the
Apostolic Church kept even the catechumens
from attending Mass, I always felt nervous
when I had a group of politicians or non-
Catholic saloon-keepers in church, sitting
like sacks of flour during the Mass. In spite
of this well-known antipathy, I had as many
converts as any priest in Arkansas, and some
of the leading and most zealous Catholics of
my former congregations are former Prot-
estants. (To be continued)

NOTES AND GLEANINGS

— Mr. F. Guy Davis, manager of the Amer-
ican Newspaper Advertising Association,
thinks that one reason why we Americans
are so provincial and so inclined to be fan-
atical, is that we do not read books. '"I am
sure," he says in a talk reproduced by the
Publishers' Weekly (Vol. XCIX, No. 17),
"that Americans generally need more good
books, books of such a character that they
will present in terms of sympathy and under-
standing, unconventional points of view. In
other words, we need to have our habits of
thought softened so that we will be perhaps
a little less inclined to want to see a man
horsewhipped and thrown into jail because
his views on certain matters differ from the
views generally accepted. What I have in
mind is the old question of more light and
perhaps less heat, in a great many fields of
thought and purpose." More light and less
heat! that is a good motto for all of us.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

— Mr. Caret Garrett, in "The Blue Wound"
(Putnams), forecasts an alli'ance of the
European powers against the United States
and an attack on America with a chemistry
of elemental destruction. The book is in-
tended for the American public, but the les-
son which it is meant to convey is left
rather obscure.

— The Biblical Institute at Rome has begun
to issue Verbum Domini, a monthly period-
ical for the use of priests, written exclusive-
ly in Latin. The relation of the new review
to the learned quarterly, Biblica, is happily
put in the explanation that it is the function
of the latter to investigate Biblical questions,
whereas / 'crbum Domini is to publish the
results of that investigation. We wish the
new monthly a long and fruitful career.

— A reviewer of Viscount Bryce's "Modern
Democracies" in the Literary Supplement of
the London Times asks: "Has any other
man ever produced a work of some twelve
hundred pages, the result of laborious study
and travel, at the age of eighty-two?" We
answer, Yes. Leopold von Ranke, the
great German historian, at the age of eighty-
three, when weakness of the eyes made him
almost entirely dependent on readers and
secretaries, began a Universal History, of
which he completed seventeen volumes be-
fore his death, in 1886.
— A contribution to that difficult contro-
; versy — What has the real significance of the
"betrayal" of Christ by Judas? — is supplied
by Professor B. W. Bacon in the April Hib-
bcrt Journal. What is meant, in his view,
I is that Judas was able to prove to Pilate on
unimpeachable evidence the very accusation
which conspirators had been seeking to
establish — namely, that Christ claimed to be
King of the Jews : the evidence being the
incident in the house of Simon of Bethany
when an enthusiastic disciple had formally
anointed Him King of the Jews and He had
not rejected the tribute.

—The Publishers' Weekly (Vol. 99, No.
17) announces that G. P. Putnam's Sons
bave stopped the sale of the fourth and last
volume of "The Cambridge History of
American Literature" and will recall all
copies of it so far on the market. This
I action was taken as a result of protests
I] made by the Christian Scientists against the
\ chapter on Christian Science which was con-
tributed by Dr. Woodbridge Riley, of Vassar
; College. Between 1500 and 2000 copies of
I the book have already gone out, and it will
I cost the firm considerable to blot out the

edition. The offensive article is being re-
written by the Rev. Dr. Lyman P. Powell,
of Hobart College. The incident shows what
even a comparatively small body of religious
believers can accomplish if they will stand
up staunchly for their convictions.

— A catalogue of the names of the twelve
Apostles is unpromising material for poetry.
Here is how Mrs. Helen Parry Eden turns
it to good purpose in her latest work, "A
Str'ng of Sapphires : Being Mysteries of the
Life and Death of Our Blessed Lord and
Saviour Jesus Christ" :

These are the twelve Apostles' names:
Simon (called Peter), John anil James
(Whom Christ most kept about Him).
Partholomew (whom some folk guess
To be Nathaniel), James the Less,
Thomas (who was to doubt Him),
Andrew and Philip, Matthew (he
Who took the tolls in Galilee,
And when our Lord said, "Follow Me,"
Left all things and obeyed Him),
S'mon Zelotes (tenth) and Jude
(Eleventh of that brotherhood),
And Judas (who betrayed Him).

— In the Hibbert Journal for April Dr. B.
A. G. Fuller, in a thoughtful study of "The
Mechanical Basis of War" gives us little
hope that the spirit of good will can ever
prevail in the world as at present constituted.
He sees in the multitude of hostile groups
a fatal bar to the elimination of war. So
many countries bordering on one another
will always struggle to expand at their
neighbor's expense. There is only one rem-
edy — a change of spirit. In these pages may
be heard the voice of Ezekiel : "A new heart
give them, and I will put a new spirit in
their bowels : and I will take away the stony
heart out of their flesh, and will give them
a heart of flesh." So only can we find sal-
vation, and the Hibbert does well to turn
men's thoughts towards a new "conversion."

—America (XXV, 1) pleads for the strict
and consistent enforcement of the prohibi-
tion law. "As matters now stand," says our
contemporary, "our wealthy old topers are
paying a little more for their liquors, while
the poor man is making a fool of himself
by squandering good money for poison, and,
worst of all, our young men, and a fair
number of our young women are learning
how contemptible a thing law is, even when
backed by the federal government." America
is notoriously opposed to prohibition, and we
can explain its present attitude on the sub-
ject only on the supposition that its editors
think, the more rigorously prohibition is en-
forced, the sooner will the people vote it out
of existence.

. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

160

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 15

— In an article on the cost of imported
English books the Publishers' Weekly (Vol.
99, Xo. 17) shows why the low rate of ex-
change has not made English books cheaper
in the U. S. In the first place, customs du-
ties are no longer levied on the price paid
by the American importer, but on the as-
sumed English wholesale price. English
publishers, under the pressure of their in-
creasing production costs, are constantly
raising prices. Then there has been a great
increase in freight rates and insurance
and in the cost of packing. These different
items have more than offset the saving made
by exchange.

— The Smith-Towner Bill has been re-
introduced in Congress. The objections"
raised against it have led to the introduction
uf a few skillfully devised verbal changes;
but essentially the new measure does not,
differ from the bill introduced in October,
1918. Hence, as America points out, the
fight against the control of education by
federalized bureaucrats, far from being over,
is but just beginning, and according to all
indications, it is going to be a hard light,
for the Smith-Towner Bill, if we may be-
lieve the X. Y. Evening Post, has powerful
champions in both houses of Congress and
is favored by President Harding.

— The editors of America (Vol.25, Xo. 1)
declare that "it would be too much to hope
that they can, on every occasion, and on
every point, voice the exact views of all
their subscribers," and add: "Indeed such
unanimity is scarcely to be desired; it would
be a sign of waning vitality and a bar to
helpful and constructive discussion." Yet the
average Catholic subscriber does expect his
Catholic newspaper or magazine to voice
exactly his views on every occasion, and as
he usually accompanies the expression of his
views with a threat to discontinue his sub-
scription the Catholic press finds it neces-
sary to comply with this demand abjectly.
America is hardly an exception to this rule.
That the Catholic press, in consequence,
gives signs of "waning vitality" is not to be
wondered at, nor need it surprise anyone
that there is among us but little of that
"helpful and constructive discussion" that is
needed to keep men from falling into a
deadly rut.

— The San Francisco Monitor (LXII, 49)
objects to the title "Your Lordship" as ap-
plied to bishops. "This is a European cus-
tom," says our contemporary. "...As the
late Archbishop Riordan said, it isn't done
in America. We are supposed to be plain,
blunt democrats over here, and 'Lordship'
is taboo in addressing an American prelate."
As long as we retain such titles as "Your
Honor," "Your Excellency," etc., in civil life.
the objection against "Your Lordship" and
"Your Grace" is not likely to stamp out the
custom. The plain truth is that most Amer-
icans are democrats in name only.

— The campaign for the prohibition of
tobacco is under way. We may reasonably
wonder where this business of "ending
vices" is itself going to end. X'icotine has
always had its enemies, but the practice of
using it in various forms has endured, and
the race with it. Some day toleration of the
intolerant may break down and America be
swept by an irresistible demand for the pro-
hibition of all prohibition campaigns. Those
who have been counselled to "burn their
own smoke" might fairly request their men-
tors to consume their own gas, and urge that
the fires of excessive zeal are more destruc-
tive to the nervous system than the smoke
of a p'pe or cigar. There is a real "smoke
nuisance" to be combatted in most of our
large cities ; why not unite our efforts in
abolishing that pest?

— The Rev. E. J. Cussen, of Canadian,
Tex., writes to the Daily American Tribune
(Xo. 802) to say that if his plans had not
miscarried, he would have erected the first
church in honor of St. Joan of Arc in this
country. Unfortunately, the town in which
the edifice was to be built went bankrupt.
Father Cussen "did the next best thing" by
dedicating his entire missionary district, em-
bracing six counties in Texas and one in
Oklahoma, to the valiant Maid of Domremy.
"I have a great admiration for her," he
says: "she was a virtuous woman, a clean
fighter and a fearless patriot. It took cour-
age of the right kind to withstand a 'steam
roller' bishop to his face. I do not like
steam rollers in Church or State."

Books Received

"Some Fell Among Thorns." Open Letters to Farm-
ers by Rev. M. V. Kelly, C.S.B. 72 pp. 16mo.
Toronto: The Catholic Truth Society of Canada.
( Wrapper)

Examcn Confessariorwn ad Codicis Iuris Nor mam
Concinnatuni. Auctore Caesare Carbone. xvi &
368 pp. 12mo. Turin, Italy: Pietro Marietti, 12
francs. (Wrapper).

The Psalms. A Study of the Vulgate Psalter in the
Light of the Hebrew Text. Bv Rev. Patrick Bov-
lan, M.A. Vol. I.: Psalms I— LXXI. lxix & 300
pp. Svo. Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son; St Louis,
Mo.: B. Herder Book Co., $5.50 net.

Epttiotiie Theologxae M oralis Universae Ex-

cerpta e Summa Theol. Mor. R. P. H. Xoldin
S.J. a Dr. Carolo Telch . . . et ab eodem secundum
novum Codicem Iuris Can. denuo Recognitum.
Ed. 5a. xlii + 602 pp. 16mo. F. Pustet Co. Inc.
$1.50.

ErKer's

Lorgnettes

The latest modes complete with
suitable lenses. Moderate prices.

SOS two 511 N.
1 OLIVE •»«"«• GRAND
iffllllllllliniMlllllimilllllNIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHl

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 11

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

June 1, 1921

Apropos of the "Jewish Question."
We desire to call the attention
of the critic who has taken us to
task for the condensed review of
< 'The International Jew" (F. P.,
No. 8) to the following points:

(1) Criticism, if pursued as a
literary art, necessitates the appli-
cation of the judicial faculty to
the subject in hand. Its highest
expression excludes every trace of
prejudice and partisanship.

(2) It is conceivable that a book
written concerning a well estab-
lished fact like, say, the sphericity
of the earth, would be decidedly
unscientific, unauthentic, and un-
trustworthy.

(3) It is more than conceivable
that a book written concerning a
much mooted subject like, say,
relativity, would be equally un-
reliable.

"The International Jew," as it
passed under the reviewer's no-
tice, in no way measured up to the
canons of scientific and historical
criticism. If "the Jewish Ques-
tion" were no longer a matter of
speculation, but of a thoroughly
demonstrable nature, the publica-
tion of the Dearborn Publishing
Co. would needs be condemned.
Because a proposition is proved
does not mean that every state-
ment of that proof must needs be
acceptable. We were reviewing
' * The International Jew, ' ' and not
the Jewish question.

But the Jewish question', let us
remember, is still a question, for
the most part, the world over. It
has not passed over completely to

the problem stage, except in the
minds of those who allow their
prejudices to keep several paces
ahead of their intellects. Theodore
Herzi, the greatest authority the
Jews ever had, called it "The
Jewish Question," in his book, "A
Jewish State," and the editors
of the Dearborn Independent even
stop to devote a whole chapter to
"The Jewish Question — Fact or
Fancy ? ' ' This simply means that
we have not a completely demon-
strable proposition, but a decided-
ly speculative one.

Now, the more mooted the ques-
tion, the more careful the authen-
tication that must precede every
step. This is particularly true of
a delicate subject touching on
racial and religious prejudices
like the one under consideration.
Is this the method of procedure
used by the editors of ' s The Inter-
national Jew"? On the contrary,
their work is decidedly unsatisfac-
tory in this regard. In Chapter 10
of the Dearborn publication, which
is entitled "An Introduction to
the ' Jewish Protocols,' " the sec-
ond paragraph reads as follows :
"The Protocols have attracted
much attention in Europe, having
become the center of an important
storm of opinion in England only
recently, but discussion of them in
the United States has been limited.
These are the documents concern-
ing which the Department of Jus-
tice was making inquiries more
than a year ago, and which were
given publication in London by
Eyre and Spottiswoode, the offi-

162

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June

cial printers to the British govern-
ment."

A few paragraphs farther on
the editors continue : "If these
documents were forgeries, which
Jewish apologists claim them to
be, the forgers would probably
have taken pains to make the Jew-
ish authorship so clear that their
anti-Semitic purpose could easily
have been detected. ..."

It must be quite apparent from
this that the Jews have not admit-
ted the authorship of the Proto-
cols ; the Dearborn editors, at any
rate have no cognizance of any
such admission and can offer their
readers no more proof — if such it
can be called — than that quoted
above. In spite of this fact almost
the entire indictment is based on
the so-called Protocols.

The same unscientific, unauthen-
tic method is pursued throughout
the entire book. Statement is piled
upon statement without the least
regard for sources, titles, dates
or authors. Some of the chapters
have a foreword, which consists of
a quotation from some source
bearing on the subject in hand, but
often enough the author is merely
mentioned, without a citation of
book, page, etc. In one instance a
quotation from the ' ' Seventh Pro-
tocol" precedes chapter 6 in spite
of the fact that the first mention
of the origin of the Protocols ap-
pears in Chapter 8 and later in
Chapter 10, where the dubious
character of these important docu-
ments is sufficiently clear to him
who reads with an unprejudiced
mind. What, in all fairness, can
be said of such sloppy work? Even
if Jewish influence were a fact
proved beyond all cavil, yet the
true critic would have to condemn
such writing.

Let us proceed cautiously. Cath-
olics must remember that all other
religions are false and as such
their influence upon the social life
of the times in which they have
their being is detrimental. The
Jews constitute but one of many
heretical bodies and as such are
undoubtedly playing an important
part in the social disintegration of
our times. But it does seem
strange that they should be so
singularly marked out from the
others, in spite of the obvious in-
fluence the Protestant schism has
had and is having upon our eco-
nomic and industrial life. More-
over it is extremely difficult to dis-
tinguish sufficiently in practice
between schism and schismatics,
though it is the former alone that
we must be intolerant of. It is
futile to say that the Bolshevistic
tendencies of our times are entire-
ly Jewish in origin. They are the
reactions of the capitalistic re-
gime, which is undoubtedly a child
of the Reformation, though the
Jews have helped to bring it to
maturity. Catholic leaders who do
nothing to bring Capitalism to an
end share the guilt of Bolshevism.
And it little behooves us, a weak
minority, to encourage a book
which, however well intentioned,
by no means proceeds cautiously
and scientifically — a method made
doubly necessary by the nature of

the subject.

—^+~,

Jewels

By J. Corsox Miller
Life is a rough, uncovered precious jewel,
Uncut, unpolished, with its flame unshed;
Men's dreams are instruments with which to

shape it,
Men's deeds are polishing-cloths with which

to scrape it,
Else were its heauty and its fire dead.
To diamonds wit and wisdom bring much

brilliance,
'T is love alone can make a ruby red.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

163

Austria in Distress

The chief victim of the World
War and of the Peace Conference
has at last bowed to the inevitable.
Affairs in Austria have reached a
point where the nation is ready
for a receivership. Complete gov-
ernmental collapse is threatening,
for the government has been ren-
dered powerless by the stipula-
tions of the Treaty of Versailles.
In the history of the modern world
there is no story comparable to
that of Austria. Her resources, so
far as the World War did not ex-
haust them, were ruthlessly wrest-
ed from her, in the partition of the
country by the Allies. The prov-
inces upon which she depended
for food and sustenance, were un-
justly taken from her and made
independent governments. Her in-
vestments in these provinces were
lost to her. She is a monument to
the ignorance and blindness of
those who set about redividing, in
a few months, a world which had
taken centuries- to adjust itself.
She is a standing condemnation
and reproach to those who were
responsible for her dismember-
ment.

The League of Nations, of which
our own country has refused to
become a part, is to name a com-
mission to try to revive the almost
defunct industries of Austria.
Will they revive or exploit those
industries ? Judging from the past
performances of the League, the
leading nations composing it, with
England as chief actor, will adjust
State affairs in Austria so that
these nations will derive the great-
est benefit. This has been the his-
tory of the League so far. Nations
have fallen, partially collapsed
and changed their physical make-
up; rulers have fled ito exile and

populations have been scattered
by the fortunes of war. But in no
instance, — thanks to the "merci-
ful" policy of the Allies, a policy
exemplified in England's treat-
ment of Ireland to-day, — has a
country fallen into national bank-
ruptcy and been obliged to call
upon its neighbors for sustained
activity in its behalf. Ireland
found herself approaching the
same unhappy condition into
which Austria has fallen, and this
through England's exploitation of
her industries for England's bene-
fit, but being more fortunately sit-
uated, she has thrown down the
gauntlet to England. She asks no
favors but demands independence.

The future of Austria is indeed
dark. Unhappy days have fallen
to this ancient Catholic State. A
once prosperous God-fearing peo-
ple are prostrate through the
machinations of the secret diplo-
macy of the Allies. Their emperor
was forced to flee. The once con-
tented dual monarchy was divided
into separate States and the gov-
ernments handed over to schem-
ing politicians. The industrial and
economic life of Austria was shat-
tered. The Allied powers have ex-
pressed concern in Austria's fu-
ture, for they know that Austria
is too important a cog in the inter-
national machine to allow com-
plete governmental collapse in
that country. Their decision, then,
to name a commission to try to re-
vive the almost hopeless condition
of the country was not arrived at
because of any desire to assist the
Austrian people, but purely from
a selfish motive of self-preserva-
tion. It will be interesting to fol-
low the trend of future events in
the dealings between Austria and
the Allies. (Rev.) F. J. Kelly

164

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 1

"Birth Control''
Father Lalande in a recent issue
of La Verite, calls upon three fun-
damental authorities as witnesses
against the terrible practice of
birth-control. "The first law," he
says, "to condemn these outrages,
comes from nature. Everyone
knows it: it is not written, but is
inherent in the soul of man. Noth-
ing can silence it. Even the intel-
ligence, stooping to the service of
the senses and seeking to find a
loophole to escape, cannot abolish
it. Louder than desire and more
firm than fear, the law declares:
' It is forbidden. ' And if you would
hear me speak in the living flesh
and blood, listen to the reproach
of a young wife in despair before
the body of her only son : ' My hus-
band, I knew that it was evil and
that we should have to pay! You
said to violated nature: "Only one
child!" Today justice replies:
"None." There is the stain of
blood on our guilty desires. It
reddens our lives; in this room
there are two criminals. I see one
in your eyes, and you find the oth-
er in mine; and when the horror
of it does not stop my ears, I
hear the desperate outcries of the
little ones who were not allowed
to be born.' "

The other two voices are
those of God to Onan and of
the Catholic Church crying in
the wilderness of these immoral
times. Let us strive with might
and main for a better social
order in which human beings and
their happiness are paramount.
The poor deluded fools outside the
Church who see the immense
amount of poverty and squalor in
the world, will then realize that
their energies spent in diminish-
ing these twin evils to a minimum,

instead of limiting the number of '
humans to conform to our condi-
tions of poverty, would have been,
well spent. Meanwhile no amount
of temporal misery will ever jus-
tify murder as a means to remedy
these sad conditions.

When all is said and done the
Sangerites, and others who pro-
fess "birth control" by means of
contraceptive devices, are not so
much concerned with poverty,
over which they weep maudlin
tears, as they are with the so-
called "free expression of wom-
an's nature." This, of course,
means freedom from the moral
law ; freedom to do as one pleases
with legal approbation and the
assent of a perverted public opiu-
ion ; freedom in short to become
as little gods with the right of
God over life and death. It is an
old, old story — the attempt to
usurp the place of God — so old
indeed as to make the advocates
of this latest deification the con-
temporaries of the devil. As for
poverty, — well, that is a pretty
thin cloak beneath which to hide
such shameless practices. As all
the world knows the true-blue ad-
vocates and practitioners of
"birth-control" are not those of
moderate or even scanty means,
but the much be-dogged, be-deck-
ed, and be-deviled, rich, near-rich,
would-be-rich and pleasure-loving
parasites who are the abomination
of abominations in the modern

world.

—~q~—

— Father E. P. Tivnan, S.J.. of Fordliam
University, considers the country in danger
of "a harvest of social demoralization." He
writes: "The common boast is of our civil-
ization and progress, and yet we turn to
the dark forest and the dusky, untutored
savage, loathsome of habit, for our modern
music, dances, and, in some measure, dress.
If this sort of progress continues, the fol-
lowers of so-called evolution may well hope
to find the long-missing link."

921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

165

One Result of War Propagandist
Methods

The war-technique of clubbing-
one 's opponent instead of meeting
his argument, says The Freeman,
is becoming a national tradition.
Indeed, every problem, from the
League of Nations to the movie
censorship, from the nationaliza-
tion of the railways to the depor-
tation of the Mayor of Cork, is
met with the same tactics. Did
Maynard Keynes bring forward
certain considerations of vital im-
portance in his "Economic Conse-
quences of the Peace"! Well,
ostensibly serious people imagine
they have answered him when
they point out that he is quoted
with approval by Mr. George Syl-
vester Viereck. Is well-founded
criticism directed against the
Knights of Columbus? It is
quenched by pointing out that it
originated in theFoRTNiGHTLYfRE-
view, whose editor "hates the
Knights." Ireland is delivered
over to a reign of militaristic ter-
ror, which has revolted the soul
of every decent-minded witness,
whatever his nationality. But a
considerable number of eminent
j Americans (recte: Anglophiles)
fancy they can evade the subject
by pointing out, not that the re-
port of the American Commission
of Inquiry is false, but that it is
associated with the Nation and
Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard.

These are the authentic touches
of the war-propagandist method,
the method which found its suc-
cess not so much in the deliberate
lie, as in the reiteration of half-
truths and the association of half-
baked ideas. The consequences of
its introduction into this country
are perhaps more unfortunate
than elsewhere, for it lingers on
as an invaluable aid to our natural

fear of the free interplay of ideas
and as a powerful stimulus to our
hatred of "heresies."

Fulsome Flattery

After reading the eulogies pro-
nounced upon deceased ecclesias-
tics by the Catholic press, one
wonders just where lies the divid-
ing line between truth and ful-
some flattery; or whether there is
such a thing as truth at all in this
connection. If American Catholics
are unorganized, if their influence
in the world about them is inap-
preciable, if the directive force of
the American Church is next to
nothing in matters of great na-
tional moment, how in the name of
objective facts can our purring
pen-pushers tell us coolly and
calmly that this or that great ec-
clesiastic had a pronounced influ-
ence upon the times in which he
lived or that he was a truly great
leader ?

Father Faber once remarked
that the essence of sanctity con-
sisted in calling things by their
right names. And we might
appropriate this for our purpose
and observe that one of the mani-
festations of virility in American
Catholic life will come with our
publicists calling a great and good
churchman just that, and not a
great leader and an influential cit-
izen and many other things which
the poor man never had it in his
power to be. The really infantile
character of our press is exhibited
in no better manner than in the
way in which things are said that
should never have been mentioned,
if only for the sake of conformity
with the objective facts. Surely
praise may be just without becom-
ing obviously untruthful. If not,
it certainly had better not be
printed. F.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 1

Comparative Religion and Theology
The remarks by Fr. Ernest R.
Hull, S.J., quoted in the F. E. for

May 15, on ''Comparative Relig-
ion, Its Use and Abuse," are very
timely. But the author could have
insisted much more strongly on
the duty of some of our Catholic
theologians to interest themselves
in this held. It is admitted that
"the study of Comparative Relig-
ion has mean time been of great
service to the cause of religious
truth by confirming, in a manner
unknown to our ancestors, the ar-
gument of the consensus humanus,
namely, that the truth of religion
is proved by the universal belief
of the human race."

This of itself would be sufficient
reason to direct the attention of
our apologists to the study of
Comparative Religion and the kin-
dred field of ethnology. It is well
known what an important place
the former study occupies in the
(Protestant) theologic faculties of
many European universities.

Until lately, however, the field
had been tilled chiefly by writers
like E. B. Tylor, J. G. Frazer, H.
Spencer, D. G. Brinton, van Geu-
nep, etc., all of them hostile to
Revelation. Perhaps the very rea-
son why they went ahead so reck-
lessly, building up flimsy theories,
was their assurance that no one
from the camp of "believers"
would oppose them.

Now, however, we have a name
of the highest importance in the
field of the science of religion and
general ethnologv. It is that of
Rev. P. W. Schmidt, S.V.D., foun-
der of AntJiropos, an "Interna-
tional Journal of Ethnologv and
Linguistics" (1906). Tlm'schol-
arly journal, which has already
achieved a deserved reputation in
scientific circles, is still published

by the Fathers of the Society of
the Divine Word at Modling, near
Vienna, Austria.

To Fr. Schmidt the Catholic
world owes one of the most ex-
haustive studies in the field of
Comparative Religion. It is enti-
tled "L'Origine de l'ldee de
Dieu," a historico-critical and
positive study. The wealth of eru-
dition and the familiarity with
even remote sources of knowledge
on points under discussion, shown
in this study, is astonishing. This
excellent contribution to Compar-
ative Religion appeared in An-
tJiropos, the first installment being
in Vol. Ill, 1908, pp. 125 sqq.

This series of well-documented
articles, since published in book
form, not only showed that Catho-
lic dogma had nothing to fear
from the new science, but made
adversaries of Revelation more
careful in their occasionally reck-
less and unproved statements. We
need refer only to a little contro-
versy carried on between Father
Schmidt and a narrow-minded
French writer, M. A. van Geunep.

Fr. Schmidt, discussing the atti-
tude of theologians towards Ani-
mism, i. e., the explanation of all
the phenomena of nature not due
to obvious material causes, by at-
tributing them to spiritual agen-
cies, finds reason to complain that
Catholic scholars have not suffi-
ciently taken note of this famous
theory of E. B. Tylor, which long
ruled supreme in ethnology. He
writes: "Considering the high im-
portance which the theory of Ani-
mism certainly possesses for the
conception of the idea of the origin
and development of religion; see-
ing its wide spread among ethnol-
ogists and devotees of the science
of religion; considering, finally,
the hostility its defenders show

1921

THE FOETNIGHTLY KEVIEW

167

either against religion in general,
or against revealed religion in
particular: we might have expect-
ed that this theory would have
been exhaustively studied by the
defenders of Revelation and vigor-
ously refuted. But has this been
the case?"

It is a matter of more than usu-
al interest, therefore, for Catholic
scholarship, that this great au-
thority in ethnology, as already
announced in the F. R., will tour
the United States next fall in the
interest of Anthropos.

(Rev.) Albert Muntsch, S.J.

St. Louis University

~<s>—

A Laboringman's Comment on Col.
Callahan's Article

To the Editor:

It was a pleasure to read in No.
9 of the F. R. the splendid resume
of the profit-sharing plan in force
in the plant of the Louisville Var-
nish Co., of which Col. P. H. Cal-
lahan, the writer of the article, is
president.

It would seem that the outstand-
ing lesson to be learned is not that
profit-sharing will work in both
good and bad times — although
this, too, is a decidedly valuable
piece of information — but that
workingmen are, after all, really
honest-to-goodness human beings.
Those of us who have been en-
gaged in industrial relations work
for some time have been suspect-
ing as much, and now Col. Calla-
han confirms our wobbly opinion.
Few will blame us for this, in fact
many will undoubtedly be sur-
prised, in view of the fact that the
current opinion and propaganda
is all to the contrary. Whenever
labor difficulties arise, w T e invari-
ably hear that the laborers have
made "unreasonable demands"

and the employers are invariably
outraged angels, whose only
thought is ever and always for
established order, "good times,"
and the "peace" of the communi-
ty. We are therefore pleased to
be assured that with perfectly
plain, honest dealing, workingmen
give a healthy normal response
and apparently are quite reasona-
ble in their actions.

In view of our own experiences
along these and similar lines, we
trust that Col. Callahan will now
do one more thing. Seeing that his
"partners" are quite capable of
conducting the business, he should
have no difficulty in devoting the
remainder of his life to the propa-
gation of the conclusion he has
arrived at through the profit-shar-
ing plan which he is using. And,
as a last suggestion, if we are still
in order, Catholic employers are
perhaps the most needy of instruc-
tion. My observations in many
places lead me to believe that, for
some strange reason, the Catholic
employer is less a believer and a
doer in democratic industry than
his non-Catholic colleague. Col.
Callahan has a great and good
work ahead of him if he will bring
his actual experiences to bear on
the untoward industrial situation
as we find it at present. In the
end we do not believe that the new
industrial society will be a profit-
sharing one, but we do believe that
this is an absolutely essential
transitional form, in which the
workers are to be educated in self-
management. A Laboringman

-?-,

— The Catholic Times of London says
(Xo. 2799) that Father Owen A. Hill S.J.,
in his new handbook of "Ethics," "expounds
the Catholic doctrine rather in the way of
obsciirum per obscurius." That is a defect
of many of our text-books, which the F. R.
has often noted and protested against.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 1

A Ray of Hope

The editor\of The Sower, an
English Catholic educational jour-
nal, is quoted' by the Ave Maria
(No. 15) as saying that even "the
sleepiest and most dignified Cath-
olic journals [in England] and
even the most irreproachably cau-
tious of Catholic Writers, are now
waking up to the realization that
something has happened to our
capitalistic system : that it has, in
fact, broken down finally in all
three of its departments of credit,
production, and distribution. 'Can
revolution be prevented ? ' is the
fashionable question now : and the
employing classes are invited to
do something to put things right,
though what they are to do is not
indicated. Indeed, they may well
wonder. We Catholics can do
nothing beyond trying to contrib-
ute a small leaven of steadiness to
the nation : we cannot contribute
any practical ideas, because we do
not think courageously (though
Father Plater did his best to make
us. Requiescat!) while there Avas
still time for thinking. It's not
much use crying over spilt milk,
however; and our only reason for
these gloomy remarks is to draw
the obvious moral from them. The
moral is that the Catholics who
are aware and active should give
their whole mind, during the con-
fusion and distresses of the com-
ing years, to the children and the
young people; with the conscious
idea of raising up a generation of
Catholic men and women who will
be able to take in hand the very
weary world in which they find
themselves."

We invite the editor of The
Sower to come to America for a
twelvemonth. We are certain he
would not find here even that real-

ization of the capitalistic debacle
that he can boast of in "Merrie
England. ' ' If there were such evi-
dence of an awakening, a hopeful
outlook would be justified. As it is,
we still babble infantilely, for the
most part, and what makes the
matter worse, we are perfectly
satisfied with ourselves. Indeed,
criticism like that given by the edi-
of The Sower is keenly and ear-
nestly resented here. We wish
The Sower godspeed; perhaps the
realization which has come to our
English Catholic brethren, and
which is now so well voiced by this
capable and zealous journal, will,
with God 's grace, finally spread to
America. There is no hope for us
until it does.

The History of Chicago's "Christian
Daily"

The Rev. J. Clover Monsma,
editor of the defunct American
Daily Standard, has published his
promised history of that short-
lived venture (see "Books Re-
ceived," infra.) He says that the
Chicago "Christian daily" was
killed by the apathy of the Prot-
estant preachers and the opposi-
tion of the Catholic Church.

On the last-mentioned point Mr.
Monsma is mistaken. The Catholic
Church never opposed the Stand-
ard. The New World decried the
effort, but it spoke only for its
narrow-minded editor. Several
other Catholic newspapers, among
them the Messenger, the official
organ of the Bishop of Belleville,
"'cordially welcomed the new ven-
ture and, Avhile not concealing the
paper's defects, admitted its good
•qualities and blamed the Catholics
of Chicago for not supporting it.

Dr. Monsma thinks a clean daily
paper, without too much positive

1921

THE FORTXIGHTLY REVIEW

169

Christianity, could be made a suc-
cess. Why not try that plan first ?
A few clean and solid dailies
would turn the thoughts of many
readers to more serious subjects
and thus prepare the way for a
positive Christian press, which,
we heartily agree with Mr. Mons-
ma, is sorely needed.

"Gamalielese,'' or the Presidents
English

In an article in the Nation (Xo.
2912) Mr. H. L. Mencken, the well-
known litterateur, analyzes Pres-
ident Harding's style. The follow-
ing paragraphs give a fair sample
.of his caustic criticism :

In the first sentence of the his-
toric address from the east front
of the Capitol, glowing there like
a gem, was that piquant miscege-
nation of pronouns the one-lie
combination, for years a favorite
of bad newspaper reporters and
the inferior clergy. In the fourth
sentence of the first message to
Congress is illy, the passion of
rural grammar-teachers and pro-
fessors of rhetoric in one-building
universities. We are, as they say,
getting warm. The next great
state paper — who knows \ — may
caress and enchant us with
"Whom can deny?" And the next
with "I would have had to have
had.'" And the next with ''be-
tween you and I." And the next,
going the whole hog, with alright,
to date the gaudiest, loveliest,
darndest flower of the American
language, which God preserve ! . . .

Such is the Gamalian manner,
the secret of the Gamalian style.
That style had its origin under
circumstances that are surely not
unknown to experts in politico-
agrarian oratory. It came to birth
on the rustic stump, it developed

to full growth among the chautau-
quas, and it got its final polishing
in a small-town newspaper office.
In brief, it reflects' admirably the
tastes and traditions of the sort
of audience at which it was first
aimed, to wit, the yokelry of the
hinterland, naive, agape, thirsty
for the prodigious, and eager to
yell. Such an audience has no
fancy for a well-knit and succinct
argument, packed with ideas. Of
all ideas, indeed, it is suspicious,
but it will at least tolerate those
that it knows by long hearing,
those that have come to the estate
of platitudes, those that fall read-
ily into gallant and highfalutin
phrases. Above all, it distrusts
perspicuity, for perspicuity is

Municipal Theatre

In the Heart of Forest Park

The Eight Weeks, Season of 1921
Opens Tuesday, June 7

June 7 — "The Chocolate Soldier 7 '

June 14 — "Fra Diavolo"

June 21— "The Fortune Teller"

Jnne 28— "San Toy"'

July 5 — "The Beggar Student''

July 12 — "Pirates of Pezance"

July 19— "The Chimes of

Normandy"
July 2d— "Sari"

All Star Cast
Chorus of 84 Orchestra of 50

Seats 25c 50c $1.00 $1.50
Box Seats $2.00

At C0NWAYS, 1100 Olive Street

170

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 1

challenging and forces one to
think, and hence lays a burden on
the mind. What it likes most of
all is the roll of incomprehensible
polysyllables — the more incompre-
hensible the better.

"Father" as a Title for Priests
The practice of calling priests
"Father" has lately been attacked
in England, mainly on the ground
that it is of Irish origin. Bishop
Vaughan staunchly defends the
custom in a letter to the Tablet.
The pastor, he says, is ex officio,
the true father of his flock. He
lives in their midst. He baptizes
them, and so they become his spir-
itual children; he teaches and in-
structs them; he feeds them with
the supersubstantial Bread, which
comes down from heaven. And,
when their souls are sick and suf-
fering from sin and spiritual ail-
ments, he it is who attends to
them, and heals them, in the sacra-
ment of Penance. Further, he
unites them in holy Matrimony;
and he stands at their bedside,
when they are dying, and prepares
them for their last long journey.
In short, like a loving parent, he
is at their beck and call both night
and day. In a word, the secular
priest is — to a greater extent than
any religious — their spiritual Fa-
ther, and they are more truly his
children than anyone else. So let
them glory in the title of 'Father.'
The old Cardinal [Manning]
used also to say that it is a great
help to the priest himself to near
himself addressed as 'Father.' It
reminds him of his duty to his
nock. It helps him to realize the
obligations he is under of watch-
ing over them, and of counselling
and advising them, and attending
to all their wants."

Notes and Gleanings

— A glance at the total figures of book
publication in the year 1920 reveals the fact
that the decline in number which began in
1917, extended to 1918 and 1919, was con-
tinued in 1920 — the number in the latter year
(8,422) being 2,023 less than in 1916.

— Prof. A. F. Pollard says in the first
chapter of his new book, "The Evolution of
Parliament" (Longmans) : "We talk of
democracy, but seldom pause to define it,
except in magnificent phrases. Abraham
Lincoln spoke of 'government of the people
for the people by the people'; but the peo-
ple have never been able to govern them-
selves except in the sense of choosing be-
tween two or more sets of governors and
two or more party programmes. When it
ccmes to matters of practice, the nearer we
get to direct popular rule, the slighter the
power we leave to the people."

— We learn from the Builder that not only
the Knights of Columbus honored the grave
of Lafayette, but the Masons also, and with
greater reason. "The grave of Lafayette,"
says our Masonic contemporary (May),
"always had a strange attraction for the Ma-
sons who visited Paris. At first the Paris-
ians could not tell you where he was buried.
At length they memorized his resting place
for almost every visiting American would
inquire, 'Where is Lafayette buried?' After
the formation of the Paris Dugout of the
S. O. L., the membership took frequent op-
portunity to visit this sacred spot. On July
14, 1919, the great 'Bastile Day,' a group of
Masons entered upon a pilgrimage to the
Rue de Picpns 35. and standing beside the
grave of this great man, connected in a
peculiar way to their ritual, they laid wreaths
upon the tomb, at the same time rendering a
portion of their ritual."

"^y VXTED ! ~ An experienced Organ-

ist for a Catholic Church

iu Pittsburgh , Pa . Inquire at the office of the
Fortnightly Review

ErKer's

Oxfords

Becoming to many people and giving
excellent service if correctly adjusted.
Complete with lenses at moderate prices.

SOS two 511 N.
OLIVE SioreS GRAND

irtllll lll l llllllll l ll ll llllll l llllll l ll l llll l l l lllllllllU T

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

171

The Western
Catholic Union

Sane, Sound, Scientific
Life Insurance

Tested and tried for almost 44 years.
Catholic to the core.
Adequate rates based on American Ex-
perience and Fraternal Congress
Mortality Tables.

Our Twenty Pay Life Certificate pro-
rides for cash surrender, extended in-
surance and paid-up features. Twenty
Pay Life Certificates issued up to $3,000.
One-half of the face of the certificate
for total disability after certificate has
been in force six months or more.
Whole life certificates with old age dis-
ability benefits from $250 to $2,000.

Juvenile Section for Children.

Men, Women and Children admitted.

A W. C. U. branch is a positive asset to
a parish. We respectfully invite corre-
spondence from the reverend clergy.

For further particulars address

W.C.U. Headquarters

Illinois State Bank Building
Quincy, Illinois

— An old colleague writes to us : "I can
not see that the Catholic press of the coun-
try derives any substantial benefit from the
X. C. W. C. news service ; but I can see
how that service is making our papers more
monotonous. I for one, instead of- being
induced to subscribe for more Cathlic pa-
pers, have discontinued three or four, because
they are so nearly alike. The 'news.' such as
it is. is furnished by the X. C. W. C, and
the 'editorials' — save the mark! — by syndi-
cates. With the exception of two or three
of our journals that make little or no use
of the X. C. W. C. stuff, originality has de-
parted from the Catholic press of America,
and with it, interest. Whither are we drift-
ing ?"

— According to the Builder, a Masonic
magazine (Vol. VII, Xo. 5). five members
of President Harding's cabinet are Freema-
sons. They are: (1) Attorney-General Harry
M. Daugherty, who is an Entered Apprentice
of Fayette Lodge Xo. 107, F. & A. M. s of
Washington Court House, O., and ''has taken
steps to have the remaining degrees confer-
red in a Columbus, O., lodge as soon as
possible" ; ( 2 ) Henry C. Wallace, Secretary
of Agriculture, who is a member of Pioneer
Lodge Xo. 22, A. F. & A. M., of Des Moines,
Iowa.; (3) Edwin Denby, Secretary of the
Xavy, who is a member of Oriental Lodge
Xo. 240, F. & A. M., of Detroit, Mich.;
(4) James J. Davis, Secretary of Labor,
who is a Scottish Rite Mason, a Knight
Templar, and a Shriner; (5) Postmaster-
General Will H. Hayes, who is a member of
Sullivan Lodge Xo. 263. F. & A.M., of Sul-
livan, Ind., a Knight Templar, and a Shriner.
— The Bishop of Bismarck writes to us
to say that the statement made by our con-
tributor F. in our May 15th issue, page 146,
that the Xonpartisan League was at first a
purely political movement, is false. "It was,"
says the Bishop, "from the beginning a
Socialistic movement, and some of the lead-
ers have expressly declared that, knowing
they could not succeed as Socialists, they
started the Xonpartisan League." As regards
the investigation made by Dr. O'Hara, of
the Catholic University of America, the
Bishop says that "it was most superficial,"
and adds: "If he was anxious to find the
truth, he should have taken the trouble to
read carefully the laws passed by the Xon-
partisan League. This he has not done."

—A reader of the F. R., who is the father
of several children, asks us to invite the
opinions of competent educators on the
practice of some teachers who retain the
examination papers of their pupils and
merely inform the latter of the "percentage"
given. Our correspondent says that he has

172

THE FOETNIGHTLY KEVIEW

June 1

Catholic Art and Architecture

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been hiffhlv recommended by experts and members of the hierarchy and clerjry who have made
a study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post Iree
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

CASPER STEHLE BEDDING COMPANY

1834 Morgau Street H - c - SMITH ' Manager St. Louie, Mo.

Sixty Years in Business is a Guarantee of Satisfied Customers

Hospitals and Institutions Receive Special Attention

MATTRESSES of all kinds and sizes, and PILLOWS

Write for quotations, or, better still, try a Sample Felt Mattress in a A. C. A. Tick, built up

extra well in the middle, @ $8.00 net, F. O. B. St. Louis

repeatedly asked to see the work of his
children, but was invariably refused on the
ground that a professor of the Catholic Uni-
versity of America had advised the Sisters
against giving out the corrected examination
papers as "unpedagogical." Why would it
be unpedagogical to let the children and
their parents know the reason for the notes
given ?

— According to the Daily American Trib-
une ( Xo. 824) the body of Antony d'Andrea
who had given grave scandal, was refused
Christian burial by the pastor of the Church
of Our Lady of Pompei, Chicago, in spite of
the fact that d'Andrea had repented on his
deathbed and received the last Sacraments.
It was stated in explanation that "the order
was issued that, as he lived, so should he be
buried." But does not canon 1240 of the
Code of Canon Law plainly intimate that no
one who has given signs of repentance be-
fore death, is to be deprived of Christian
burial?

— We read in the Daily American Tribune
(No. 825) that a new organization has been
established in Iowa. It is known as "40
"Homines 8 Chevaux" and "purposes to be
the playhouse of the American Legion." The
initiation is said to be a burlesque on the
progress of a recruit from his entrance into
the army until his discharge. "40 Homines
8 Chevaux" (40 men or 8 horses) was the
famous inscription on the box-cars in which
the American doughboys were conveyed in
France. Father J. L. Whalen was elected
"Chef de Gare" ("stationmaster") of the
organization for the fourth Iowa district. Tt
is the intention of the American Legion to
establish "40 Homines 8 Chevaux" branches
in every congressional district. What next? 1

— The reform of the "movies," like all
reforms, is apt to be overdone. We notice
that the bill prepared by the International
Reform Bureau for presentation to Congress

lists the familiar varieties of immorality and
then goes on to contemn all "stories or
scenes which ridicule or deprecate public
officials, officers of the law, the U. S. army,
the U. S. navy, or any other governmental
authority, or which tend to weaken the au-
thority of the law." In this fashion, witli
the whole emphasis of its agitation thrown
upon morality, the Bureau is preparing the
way for the establishment of a political as
well as a moral censorship of "the people's
theatre." This must not be. Censorship
must limit itself to the excision of obviously
immoral films, else it will do more harm
than good.

— Complying with repeated requests from
a number of our most valued readers we
have adopted a larger size of type for the
F. R. This will mean a little less reading
matter in each issue, but perhaps we can
make up for that by regularly, or at least
occasionally, adding a few pages. We shall
do so gladly if our readers will aid us in
defraying the additional expense by sending
us some new subscribers. The Editor is al-
ways pleased to receive commendatory let-
ters; but the highest commendation, and the
kind most appreciated, is active co-operation
in spreading the Review. Unfortunately, but
few readers think of this simple and easy
means of assisting in the good work to
which the F. R. is devoted. It is only
through the active co-operation of its sub-
scribers that the magazine can be kept alive.
Have you shown your appreciation of our
efforts in a practical way, dear reader? If
not, why not get us that new subscriber to-
day or else send us a dollar and a quarter
for a year's subscription, at the reduced rate
($1.25) for some public library, charitable
institution, or some poor missionary unable
to pay for himself?

— One sometimes expresses a sensible
opinion and then worries over it from fear
that it "will get him into trouble."

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

173

NEW AXD IMPORTANT

THE OTHER LIFE

By the RIGHT REV. WILLIAM SCHNEIDER, S. T. D.,

Bishop of Paderborn

Translated from the Eleventh Edition of the German Original
Revised and Edited by the REV. HERBERT THURSTON, S. J.

Cloth, net $3.50

The need of a sound and attractive exposition of
the Catfiulic teaching on this subject has been .in-
creasingly felt, and in its issue of July, 1918,
CATHOLIC BOOK NOTES (London) voiced this
urgent need, saying that "such a book, well written,
abreast of the best scholarship, fair and courteous,
critical but thoroughly Catholic, would be most wel-
come."

The present book is intended to supply this need
and the names and the renown of both the author

and the editor would seem to offer ample guarantee
that the book will meet all requirements of a
SAFE AND SOUND STATEMENT of what the
Church teaches on the subject.

JOSEPH F. WAGNER, (Inc.), Publishers

23 Barclay Street

St. Louis: B.

Herdt

NEW YORK

Book Co.

Literary Briefs

— The Extension Press, Chicago, deserves
commendation for "Bird-a-Lea" by dem-
entia, a well told children's story with a
pleasant setting on a Xew York estate. It
does not lack a religious tone, though re-
ligion is not obtruded, as is the case too
frequently. "Bird-a-Lea" deserves well of
the Catholic reading public.

— In a review of Joseph Conrad's "The
Rescue," in Studies (Vol. X, No. 37), A. E.
C. makes an observation which must strike
many of Conrad's readers as very true. "I
doubt," he says, "whether Conrad has en-
tirely mastered English. He has full com-
mand of its strength, but not of its ease. In
a language really his own. he would produce
greater work. For on the side of emotional
description, he has extraordinary power, a
power over ideas rather than over words."

—Father Willibald Hackner, of the Dio-
cese of La Crosse, Wis., has published his
"new theory" on the "The Essence of the
Holy Mass" also in the form of an English
brochure. He applies to sacrificium the dis-
tinction of ratum and consummatum. The
Sacrifice of the Cross, he says, was the
sacrificium consummatum, the Mass is the
sacrificium ratum, i. e., a contract, which
requires and receives ratification in the

epiklesis. The new theory is striking and
merits discussion in the theological reviews.
(B. Herder Book Co.).

— Father J. P. Conroy, S.J., is known to
the Catholic reading public through his
books on the boy problem ("Out To Win"
and "Talks To Parents"). His latest piece of
work is of a different sort. In "A Mill Town
Pastor" (Benziger Bros.) he gives us a
sketch of one of the many diocesan priests
whom he met while on the missions. The
story manifests a fine charity between the
secular and the regular clergy, which is de-
cidedly pleasant to note. As a piece of litera-
ture, it is quite promising and we hope that
Father Conroy has not written his last book
of this kind.

— "Les Precurseurs de Nietzsche" is the
title of a recent volume by Charles Andler,
in which the French critic traces the origins
of Nietzsche's philosophy. He shows that the
German thinker derived a great deal not
only from his own compatriots, Goethe,
Schiller, Fichte, and Schopenhauer, but also
from the French, • especially Montaigne,
Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, Fontenelle, Cham-
fort, and Stendhal. In two final chapters the
author establishes Nietzsche's debt to Emer-
son and more particularly to the Swiss his-
torian Burkhardt.

174

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

May 15

Wagner's Londres Grande Segars b in* - W* s i«h i° p p r*

SEGAR LOGIC

THERE were in operation on Tanuary 1, 1917, 14,576 tobacco factories. Assuming that
these factories all continued business up to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30,
1917, it would give each factory an average output of about 541,000 segars per year. (A fac-
tory is considered a factory by the U. S. government, whether it employs one hand or a
thousand hands.)

We trust these figures will be of interest to the reader, and repay him for his time and
patience in reading the installments of this advertisement. Give us a trial!

inn <T1 On Sent Post Paid on Receipt of Money Order or N.Y. Draft— if not satisfactory,
I UU""4> / .OU pack and return by Parcel Post. Money & Postage refunded by return mail

Established 1866

58 North Pearl Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

50--S4.00

Matt. Wagner & Son

— The Extension Press, Chicago, has done
well in giving to the Catholic reading public
"The Greater Love", by Chaplain McCarthy
of the U. S. Army. The book is excellently
gotten up, with sixteen splendid illustrations.
Msgr. Wm. M. Foley, V.G., has written a
preface, in which he well remarks that Chap-
lain McCarthy's "message is clothed in the
narrative of adventure — personal experiences
of the author — and every page at) epic of
absorbing interest. No one is better qualified
to bring us a message from Over There."
There are few consolations to be derived
from war — even spiritual, yet those that are,
Father McCarthy seems to have gathered to-
gether in befitting literary style, and we can
heartily recommend his book.

— Fr. Zephyrin Engelhardt, O.F.M.. the
eminent historian, is following up his classic
work, "The Missions and Missionaries of
California," with a new series devoted to
the local history of these same missions.
The first installment deals with "San Diego
Mission" (San Francisco, Cal. : The James
H. Barry Co.). Like the author's general
history of the missions, this local account
is compiled almost exclusively from docu-
mentary sources and clears up a good many
mistakes and errors that have been set
afloat by ignorant or biased scribes. San
Diego Mission is, in a sense, typical of all
the old Franciscan missions of California.
Fr. Zephyrin's account, and the extensive
inventories reproduced in this volume, ef-
fectively demonstrate the difference between
the management of unselfish missionaries and
that of hired administrators.

— "In the problem of the Pentateuch, a
New Solution by Archaeological Methods,"
Prof. Melvin Grove Kyle, D.D.. of the Xenia
Theological Seminary, tries to show that a
close literary and archaeological study of the
Pentateuch tends to discredit the "documen-
tary theory" (which would break it up into
fragments by different authors writing at
different dates), and to establish the trust-

worthiness of the record at its face value.
The peculiarities of style and arrangement
and vocabulary, on which the documentary
theory bases itself, can be fully accounted for
by the differences in the kinds and uses of
the laws presented, and the journalistic in-
stinct of presentation. Archaeological evi-
dence, Dr. Kyle maintains, does not support
the Babylonian origin of the Mosaic system
of sacrifices. The position defended by Dr.
Kyle involves the acceptance of the time of
the wilderness wanderings as the time of the
composition of the Pentateuch, and assigns
to Moses himself the responsibility of author-
ship.

— "The Central Conference of American
Rabbis" (Yearbook, Vol. XXX, Rochester,
N. Y., 1920) is a symposium of the work
of this organization at its annual meeting
of last year. It speaks well for the collective
strength of the leadership of American Jew-
ry. Just how far this spirit of unification
extends to the masses, is a moot question.
In a discussion of the religious influence of
the Hebrew faith the present volume makes
it clear that these leaders at any rate are
much perturbed at the loss of lay adherence.
Their yearbook in no way helps to clear
away the doubts raised by the work of the
Dearborn Publishing Co. during the past
year. Indeed, in some cases it merely aug-
ments the difficulty. Thus "The Jew in
Economic Life with Special Reference to
Poland" presents the very facts that have
been used by the Dearborn Independent in-
vestigators to prove the predominance of
Jews in the industrial life of modern society.

— Audrey Tressider, a young and beauti-
ful girl, sacrifices an opportunity for a bril-
liant marriage with a non-Catholic and a
tine home in London, to live in an unattrac-
tive milling town with an older brother
whom she scarcely knew. He is cold and
selfish, engrossed in business, and denies her
all company and pleasure. She meets Adam
Kemp, a gutter genius, beloved by the poor,

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

175

but a Socialist and her brother's political
enemy. The only drawback to their mar-
riage is that she is Tressider's sister. But
in the end she becomes the wife of Kemp.
Through her influence he returns to the
Church and devotes all of his time and tal-
ents to the uplift of the poor. This, in brief,
is the story of Isabel Clark's latest novel,
"Tressider's Sister," in which this indus-
trious author maintains her well-deserved
reputation. ( Benziger Bros.)

Books Received

Blessed Peter Canisius. By Francis S. Betten, S.J.,
51 pp. 16mo. St. Louis, Mo.: Central Bureau of
the Central Society, 20cts. (P. per).

Scientific Theism versus Materialism. The Space-
Time Potential. By Arvid Reuterdahl, Dean of the
Dep't. of Engineering and Architecture, The
College of St. Thomas. 298 pp. 8vo. New York:
The Devin-Adair Co. $6.50 net.

The Visible Church. Her Government, Ceremonies,
Sacramentals, Festivals, and Devotions. A Com-
pendium of "The Externals of the Catholic
Church" by Rev. John F. Sullivan. With 120
Illustrations from Pen Drawings by the Author.
ix + 275 pp. 8vo. New York: P. J. Kenedy &
Sons. $1.10 postpaid.

>&~-

Forty Years of Missionary Life
in Arkansas
By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.
( Thirty -Secon d Install m eni)
Chapter XVI
SILVER JUBILEE OF BISHOP FITZ-
GERALD— JONESBORO AND PARA-
GOULD AS RIVALS-NEW SUB-
IACO ABBEY — THE BENEDIC-
TINE SISTERS— A MISSION-
ARY'S JOYS AND TRIALS.
The great event of the year 1912 was the
silver jubilee of the Right Rev. Edward
Fitzgerald as Bishop of Little Rock. This
truly great prelate deserves more than a
passing notice. I expected a full-length bio-
graphy of him to be published for a long
time. As none is forthcoming I shall insert
in a later chapter a short biographical sketch
which I wrote for the year book of St.
John's Church, Hot Springs, in 1909.

The Cathedral was beautifully frescoed
and decorated for the occasion, at a cost of
$17,000, a jubilee gift by the small diocese.
The bishops of the province of New Orleans
presented the jubilarian with a costly crozier,
whilst the priests had ordered a set of beau-

tiful pontifical vestments for the occasion.

The celebration took place February 3rd,
in Little Rock, with one archbishop, twelve
bishops and forty-five priests present. Para-
gould, the youngest congregation in the State,
anticipated the jubilee celebration, when
Bishop Fitzgerald on the first Sunday of the
year, 1892, the 3rd of January, blessed the
convent of St. Gertrude at that place. On
that occasion the school children presented
to the Bishop a beautifully executed address,
a master-piece of penmanship and painting.
It was read by one of the scholars, John
Kirchhoff. The children and people sang a
beautiful jubilee hymn.

On the 24th of April the new church of
All Saint's, at Hoxie, was dedicated by the
Bishop. This was more extensively noticed
by the newspapers of the State than any
other Catholic celebration in Northeastern
Arkansas. "Hoxie," said the Arkansas Echo,
of April 24, "is but a small town, but it lies
at the crossing of two main lines, the St.
Louis Iron Mountain and the Kansas City
and Gulf railroads, and for that reason is
quite an important business center. The sur-
rounding country possesses rich land. One
and a half miles north, on the Iron Moun-
tain Railroad, lies Walnut Ridge, a beautiful
small city with good hotels, banks, and a
fine opera house. It is conected with Hoxie
by the I. M. Railroad and a street car line....
About three miles south of Hoxie are the
towns of Mintern and Lindsy. Seven miles
west, along the Kansas City and Gulf R. R.,
are the towns of Portia and Black Rock,
the former a very lively business place, sur-
rounded by a rich farming country, and the
latter on the Black River, with a number
of big saw-mills. Six miles east of Hoxie,
along the same railroad, is Sedgewick, an-
other important saw-mill town on the Cache
River. In every one of these towns there
are some Catholics, and Hoxie lies almost
in the center. The church in Hoxie is 50
feet long, has a beautiful altar, with a splen-
did oil painting, 4x9 feet, representing the
Crucifixion, by the celebrated painter, Fuh-
rich."

If Hoxie in the course of time did not
justify expectations, it was certainly not the
fault of the priests. The people at Hoxie
were given more opportunities than those of
any other mission. For a time Mass was
celebrated there every Sunday. The Benedic-
tine Sisters erected an addition to the church
and paid for it themselves. For quite a while
they lived there and taught school. The
people at Hoxie knew how to work success-

ST. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

176

THE FOBTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

June

fully. At one time, on the 4th of July, they
realized a much larger sum than they paid
out the whole year for priest and Sisters.
But they seemed to care mostly for show. It
was the same thing with the Protestants in
that place. I was told that a revivalist who
held forth at Walnut Ridge and Hoxie re-
ceived much more money for his services
than the pastor did throughout the year. It
is as Ruskin says in the "Crown of Wild
Olives": "People as a rule only pay for being
amused, or being cheated, not for being
served. Five thousand pounds a year to your
talker and a shilling a day to your fighter,
digger and thinker, is the rule."

In Mintern, Alicia, and other places near
Hoxie, Mass was always held in private
houses. The natives have their own habits
and customs. The old ladies in Arkansas
used to smoke their pipes. Whilst the priest
was saying Mass one day in one of those
large log houses, consisting of two rooms
and a hall, an old lady, who had been smok-
ing in the rear, wanted to relight her pipe
at the altar. As the priest asked her to go
away, she remarked : "I always did hear that
priests are cranks ; I now see it is true."

From Hoxie the Bishop went to Jones-
boro, where he blessed the two new jubilee
bells, dedicated to St. Edward and St. Mary,
and gave confirmation at St. Roman's
Church. Father Furlong of New Madrid, Mo.,
preached the sermon. On the flat top of the
tower near by a band played betwen times.
This band consisted of the school-boys of
St. Roman's parish school and played quite
well. The oldest boy was not over twelve
years, and the little fellows looked like
dwarfs on their lofty height.

During this year Jonesboro became a city
of the second class, the census recording
3,200 inhabitants. Paragould was a proud
rival. Though only existing a few. years,
Paragould had at this time already seven
important lumber mills, two banks, a
foundry, several good hotels, two railroads,
and electric lights. Jonesboro at that time
had no electric lights and only three facto-
ries; but it was on the main division of the
Cotton Belt Railroad, with a round-house
and repair shops, and the local division of
the K. C. and Gulf Road also had a small
round-house and a repair shop there. It
was an old town with a number of well-
established business houses, a foundry, and
two strong banks. This healthy rivalry has
been kept up, and both places are now
prosperous small cities with about 10,000 in-
habitants each.

The spiritual work was not neglected ;
while I baptized quite a number of converts
in Jonesboro that year, Father McQuaid re-
ceived several into the Church at Paragould.

This year New Subiaco was made an
abbey. The Rev. P. Ignatius Conrad, O.S.B.,
at that time rector of the Cathedral at St!
Joseph, Mo., was elected its first abbot. He
invited me to his benediction, by Bishop

Hogan, at the Cathedral of St. Joseph. On
my journey to that place, I stopped in Peace
Valley, Mo., where I said Mass on a Sun-
day. There was quite a congregation at that
place, consisting mostly of Germans. Al-
though belonging to the great Archdiocese
of St. Louis, this mission was so isolated
that Jonesboro, Ark., over 100 miles distant,
was the nearest parish with a resident
priest. The place is now called White Church
and has a resident pastor. There are at
present also other churches in the neigh-
borhood, — at West Plains, Thayer, Birch
Tree, Cabool, and Brandyville ; but in those
days Peace Valley was the only church and
had to be attended, as already stated, from
Poplar Bluff, Mo. The pastor at Poplar
Bluff, Father Donovan, O. Cist., had asked
me to stop at White Church and give the
German Catholics an opportunity to confess
in their own language. He asked me to do
what I could for the people. Whilst there,
I found that a gentleman, who had charge
of the public schools, had taught the children
the catechism and had thirty-three pupils
ready for first Communion. I found them
well instructed and resolved to remain for
a while, to give the children a week's re-
treat, and afterwards to admit them to first
Communion. It was a beautiful and touching
ceremony. I never had a better prepared
class. Instead of going to St. Joseph, I went
later to Subiaco to pay my respects to the
new Abbot. (To be continued)

A Valuable Reference Work
for Priests and Seminarians.

The New Church Law
on Matrimony

By the

Rev. Joseph J. C. Petrovits, J. C. D., S. T. D.

Catholic University of America
Washington, D, C.

With an Introduction by the

Right Rev. Thomas J. Shahan, D. D.,

Rector of the Catholic Uuiveisity

of Aniei ica

8vo. Cloth, 480 pages, $4.50 net

Place your order early to insure
prompt delivery

JOHN JOSEPH McVEY

PUBLISHER
1229 Arch Street Philadelphia, Penn.

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 12

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

June 15, 1921

The Church and the Laboringman

The article entitled "The Strain
of Overwork," in the Homiletic
and Pastoral Review (No. 8, pp.
718—721), by Father Husslein, 8.
J., is surprising for its anachron-
isms. Those of us who have to deal
with men in the very industry with
which Mr. Whiting Williams had
such interesting experiences, real-
ize that these workers are sur-
prised beyond words that such dis-
coveries as Mr. Williams' and
Father Husslein 's are being made
about them, when, in matter of
fact, these conditions are and have
been the rule. Indeed, Mr. Wil-
liams found the steel industry in-
finitely better than he would have
found it some years ago, and it is
quite possible that, excepting a
few changes, no more betterments
of a radical nature can be made.

The "strain of overwork" has
particular interest just now in
view of the conditions existing in
the plants of the U. S. Steel Cor-
poration. The striking thing about
this particular phase of the ques-
tion is the fact that the reform ad-
vocated by Fr. Husslein has not
been clamored for, to the extent
imagined, from the inside, i. e., by
the men themselves. This is attrib-
utable to two reasons: 1) the men
fear a substantial decrease in their
earning capacity and hence a low-
ering of their standard of living;
2) they realize that a reform of
this nature would not affect the
situation fundamentally.

It would be well worth the cost

in time and effort if this much un-
derstanding of the real nature of
the present industrial difficulties
could be injected into our so-called
sociologists and reformers. The
eight-hour day, or any length of
time that will satisfy sociologists,
physiologists, and others, will not
relieve us materially. The difficul-
ty lies, not so much in accidental
characteristics like wages, hours,
and working conditions, about
which there has been so much ado,
but far more really and funda-
mentally in the very nature of in-
dustry as conducted at present.
The workers themselves may not
be conscious of this, but they do
realize that something more far-
reaching must be done in order to
make work likeable.

Let us take Mr. Williams ' tired,
dissatisfied, and discontented la-
borer, as he found him in the steel
mills. The shrewd observations of
this unique experimenter led him
to believe that the separation of
the management from the men had
a great deal to do with this labor-
er's disaffection. Too long hours,
unseemly conditions, etc., undoubt-
edly accentuate the trouble ; but at
bottom it is the lack of close per-
sonal contact between the manage-
ment and the men that is respon-
sible for the existing discontent.

Mr. Williams very logically at-
tempted to make closer contact
possible. The tired steel worker,
under his plan, becomes a partici-
pator in managerial affairs, and

178

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

his new responsibilities make of
him no longer merely a numbered
cog in a huge industrial machine,
but an artisan with a new and be-
fitting dignity. He now has a voice
in the determination of the con-
ditions under which he must spend
so large a portion of his waking
moments. No matter how long the
hours or how hard and menial the
work, there is a new joy in the
great blessing of hard work and
anew capacity that befits his hu-
man dignity. There is a security,
too, in the knowledge he has of the
status of the business in which he
has become the next best thing to
a part owner.

But will Mr. Williams' new ar-
tisan be content to continue long-
in such a role ? We are inclined to
agree with those who hold that this
closer contact between manage-
ment and men does not represent
the final phase of the new move-
ment. In the end, it seems to us,
We shall be face to face with a
development which will end in the
ownership of industrial undertak-
ings by the laborers, banded to-
gether in large guilds. This would
seem to be a logical deduction
from the very nature of the human
make-up and the industrial devel-
opment itself. Why should there
be a stopping at a stage which,
after all, must prove unsatisfac-
tory to human nature? Will there
be satisfaction in the heart of Mr.
Williams' worker when he realizes
that he has the ability to partici-
pate in the management, and yet
can do so only in the capacity of
safeguarding other people's in-
vestments? This is not only an
incomplete development, but not
quite fair to the capitalist. In fact,
the present status of industry is
satisfactorv neither to the worker

nor to the capitalist. Both are vic-
tims of a system, though, as it
happens, the laborer suffers more
than the employer.

This rather informal presenta-
tion of the case fairly represents
the conclusions of discussions that
have often taken place among
groups with which the present
writer has been connected. There
is an extremely unsatisfactory at-
titude existing between the labor-
ers and the Church. They feel, for
the most part, that little of practi-
cal value is being done for them
by those from whom they expect
much; that a vast deal of energy
is being expended on just such
fruitless work as Father Husslein
is doing, and, finally, they have
come to the settled conviction that
the Church in America pretty well
represents or expresses all that is
known by the disliked and even
hated word, "Privilege."

These serious charges are
drawn from observation of a natu-
rally limited though undoubtedly
representative field. In other
words, what is coming to pass in
Catholic circles in America is
this: The Catholic laboring ele-
ment is being alienated from the
Church for three well-defined rea-
sons : (1) The large body of the
clergy are apparently apathetic to
the problems of the laborer; (2)
Only too often their influence is on
the side of "the existing order,"
which is always construed as being
set over against the interest of the
workers; (3) What little well-in-
tentioned work has been done is,
in the first place, inadequate and,
secondly, for the most part mis-
directed.

I do not say that these charges
can be substantiated, but I put
them down because I believe thev

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

179

correctly represent the attitude of
the workers. It would be well for
the proper authorities to investi-
gate and determine for themselves
whether or not there is ground for
these grievances.

In this connection let me call at-
tention to the fact that the eccle-
siastical authorities could do no
greater service to both Church and
State than to base their pro-
gramme of social reform on the
training of the workers through
parish organizations, conducted
along truly Catholic lines. English
Catholics are now discussing this
proposal, and the laborers in that
country have established "Work-
ers Colleges," which are an at-
tempt to provide the education
necessarv in the new era.

The N. C. W. C. could do no
better than to make itself a truly
representative laymen 's society by
gathering together the Catholic
laboring men and educating them
along truly Catholic lines of in-

dustrial society. If this is not
done, I fail to see that this body
will really accomplish anything
for the Catholic laborer. The con-
cern which it has shown as re-
gards hours, wages, the "open
shop," etc., shows it to be of ex-
cellent intentions. The question
that is continually being forced
upon those of us who are in daily
contact with the industrial situa-
tion, as we note the attitude of the
men, on the one hand, and the at-
titude of our leaders as expressed
in programmes and articles like
Father Husslein's, on the other,
is this: When are our leaders go-
ing to realise that the existing situ-
ation is far beyond the control of
their present efforts, and that the
vast body of the Church's laboring
children are being alienated from
her true spirit by the lack of ade-
quate interest and co-operation in
a matter so vital to their material
and spiritual well-being?

A Catholic Labor'uizman

Dangerous Tendencies in Catholic Exegesis

The recent papal encyclical,
"Spiritus Paraclitus," again re-
minds us that some present-day
writers need to change their view-
point considerably to bring them
into harmony wdth the Church.
The Rev. Walter Drum, S. J., con-
tributes to the Homiletic and Pas-
toral Review (No. 8) a rather
trenchant article in which he con-
cerns himself with the exegetical
methods of his fellow-Jesuits
Fathers Lebreton, Calmes, and
Martindale. The Holy Father in-
sists on the absolute truth of the
historical statements contained in
S. Scripture. He insists that the
same principle of interpretation
should be applied both to the phys-

ical and to the historic facts con-
tained in the Bible. "Physical
statements," says Father Drum,
"have to do with that which ap-
pears to the senses; they must
agree with the phenomena or ap-
pearances. Historical statements
have to do with facts; they must
agree with the facts. The principal
rule of history is that the written
facts must agree with the facts as
they actually took place. When the
inspired John witnessed to that
which Jesus said, it is infallibly
true that Jesus said that which is
reported by John."

In what way do the interpreta-
tions of the exegetes under criti-
cism differ from this rule? Pere

180

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

JUU<

Lebreton, in his book, "Les Ori-
gines du Dog-me de la Trinite"
writes (p. 379) : "Since the Johan-
nine Gospel is of such character,
we deem it superfluous and,
chancehap, impossible, in the theo-
logical analysis of the book, to dis-
tinguish between the discourses of
Jesus and the reflections of the
Evangelist. Decidedly the two
sources are distinct; but the wa-
ters therefrom have so inter-
mingled that only the skilful eye
may distinguish them. The revela-
tion comes authentically from
Jesus, but we may to-day perceive
it only through the medium of St.
John. It is the Apostle who has
chosen the words of his Master
in keeping with the end he had de-
cided upon; it is he who develops
and interprets them; it is he who
unlocks the secret of their inter-
pretation in his prologue, at the
very threshold of the Gospel. The
Gospel of St. John is Christ's
tunic, his seamless tunic. Only in
its entirety may it be grasped ; else
the warp were torn from the
woof. ' '

"This," as Father Drum re-
marks, "reads very beautifully,
and yet it is hopelessly destructive
of the historical worth of the
Fourth Gospel. In the texture of
the discourses of the Christ of St.
John, both the warp and the woof
are substantially the very sayings
of Jesus. We cannot admit that,
when John bears witness to that
which Jesus said, the Evangelist
weaves the evolutions and fabri-
cations of his own consciousness
with the de facto sayings of Jesus,
so skilfully that John's warp may
not be distinguished from Christ 's
woof. Nor can it be said that, in
these discourses, the stream of the
consciousness of John so inter-

mingles with the stream of the
consciousness of Jesus as to rend- i
er it difficult to discriminate the
commingled waters. When John |
reports to us a saying of Jesus,
there is only one stream of thought
reported, and the source of that I
stream is Jesus, not John."

Father Martindale, in his book- |
let on "St. John the Evangelist,"
cites Lebreton and calls his "Ori-
gines" "a book of incomparable
value as an aid to study and pray-
er alike." He, too, carries forward
the idea of two sources whose wat-
ers are commingled almost beyond
discrimination and calls to our at-
tention (pp. 31 — 32) "how exactly
in proportion as the Evangelist's
force of inspiration, as it were, in-
creases, his language becomes
more and more personal, phrased
as his personal instinct prefers.
Chap. 1, 26, already is Johannine,
rather than Baptist's diction;
Chap. I, 29 — 34 grows utterly Jo-
hannine in style ; it is hard to say
whether 34 is even meant to be in
the mouth of the Baptist, and not
rather an ecstatic summing up of
the Evangelist himself. In fact,
here is a good example of the two
streams intermingling: both Bap-
tist and Evangelist are making, in
substance, an identical affirmation.
Evangelist wishes to say the thing
Baptist said ; Baptist can be shown
saying it in the way Evangelist
would speak."

Father Drum makes the rather
startling charge that "Converts,
like Father Tyrrell and Monsignor
Benson, have recently had an un-
due influence upon the trend of
thought among Catholics, whose
pre-occupation and lack of educa-
tion have precluded the study of
the great Catholic classics in Bib-
lical interpretation. Such an undue

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

181

influence is now being exercised by
Father Martindale, who is also a
convert. His attractive style lures
the unknowing into ways that are
devious from tradition. He is not
to be unreservedly trusted in
Biblical exegesis. . . . An attractive
style is no guarantee of either a
knowledge of theology or a pond-
ering of textual Biblical evidence.
A woeful ignorance of theology
may be noted in the writings of
the disloyal Fr. Tyrrell and the
loyal Monsignor Benson. Of Fath-
er Martindale 's errors in theology,
we may later on write. At present
we have to do with his slapdash

methods in textual criticism and
interpretation of the Bible."

There are other serious charges
made against the English Jesuit
by his American brother, e. g., on
account of his textual criticism of
St. John and his disregard of such
a great scholar as Father Comely,
S. J. Father Martindale is a bril-
liant scholar who has been at-
tempting so many varied lines of
activity that it is not at all sur-
prising that his writings are call-
ing forth such severe criticism
from the ranks of his fellow-
Jesuits.

H. A. F.

Mr. Edison's Educational Test

Mr. Edison's declaration that
college men "don't seem to know
anything" has raised a storm of
criticism. It is by no means cer-
tain that the intelligence of the
college graduate must be assessed
on the basis of what he knows con-
cerning the subjects included in
the list of questions propounded
by the inventor. It has been dis-
closed in the course of an intimate
study of Mr. Edison's questions,
that many of them relate to topics
about which controversies have
raged for years. He asks for ex-
ample : ' ' Who invented printing ? ' '
If the matter of naming some sort
of characters is implied by the
question, then we shall have to go
back to the days of the Egyptians,
Chaldeans, Babylonians, and prim-
itive human races. Possibly the
art of communication by means
of characters is as ancient as the
universe itself. If by "printing"
is meant the use of mechanical
agencies, such as presses, type,
etc., we find the field of discussion
crowded with a variety of expres-

sions and answers. Many have con-
tended that the inventor of print-
ing was Lourens Janzoon Coster,
of Haarlem. Gutenberg, who was
an employee of Coster, is said
never to have claimed the credit
for inventing printing type and
subsequent appliances.

This is but a single example to
show that many of Mr. Edison's
questions are not capable of a defi-
nite answer.

The test of an educated man in
these days of the complexity of
knowledge is the ability to know
how to acquire information rather
than to possess it in every case.
The distinguishing, mark of the
educated youth is his knowledge
of how to learn, for he has been
trained in the scientific method of
acquiring detailed information.
Not the man whose bin of facts is
empty, but he who in an emergen-
cy cannot learn, is truly ignorant.
Mr. Edison's verdict is too sweep-
ing. He assumes that the man who
has been trained to think will ne-
cessarilv have accumulated a re-

182

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

spectable store of every-day

knowledge, some of which will
never come under his powers of
observation. Take the question,
"What is copra?" How is it im-
portant save to grocery clerks . ;
Again, in the financial world Mr.
Edison's questions Avould never
be regarded as anything like a
satisfactory test of intelligence. A
man may be ignorant of who is
the author of Yankee Doodle or of
the chemical contents of scrapple,
and yet know all the intricacies of
finance.

There are among Mr. Edisoirs
questions some that can be answer-
ed by the average school-boy.
Moreover, careful readers of news-
papers, magazines, and books of
information probably can answer
a large percentage of the ques-
tions. Of what possible benefit it
can be to know that Montezuma
was emperor of Mexico when Cor-
tez landed there, I fail to see. It

is interesting to know that most of
the coffee used in the world comes
from Brazil, and it may surprise
many to know that Russia con-
sumed the most tea before the out-
break of the world war. That a
"monsoon" is a periodic, alter-
nating wind in the Indian Ocean is
not essential, most people will
agree. That Roentgen, a German,
invented or rather discovered the
X-ray in 1895 is interesting, but
not very important.

But if Mr. Edison does no more
than stir up a renewed interest in
commonplace things, perhaps,
after all, he will have served his
fellows in a way. But we must not
get too serious about things which,
generally speaking, are of no con-
sequence. As a basis for a test of
the intelligence of the college grad-
uate his questions have no value
whatsoever.

(Rev.) F.J.Kelly
Detroit, Mich.

A Union of Catholic Students in Germany

After the Revolution of 1918 the
"Free German Youth," under the
leadership of AVyneken, raised the
cry of war against parents and
teachers. In many places this cry
was taken up eagerly and a large
portion of the youth of the country
seemed likely to come under its in-
fluence.

Catholics at once recognized
that the best means of meeting
this danger would be to found a
counter-organization for the youth
attending the secondary schools.
The bishops declared themselves
in favor of this plan, and, in obe-
dience to their wishes, the Union
called "Neu-Deutschland" was
founded.

The central offices of this Union
are at Cologne. Priests, Catholic

parents, teachers and representa-
tives chosen from among the stu-
dents by the students direct the
movement.

In opposition to the other stu-
dent-organizations, which ignore
or are hostile to religion, "Neu-
Deutschland" seeks above all
things "to saturate the Catholic
youth through and through with
the spirit of the Church, to see
that love for their holy faith grips
alike their intellects and their
hearts, to assist parents and
teachers in giving them a truly
Catholic outlook on the world and
on life, and thus to make sure that
they grow up to be strong and
faithful men, Catholics in thought,
word, and act!"

The members of "Neu-Deutsch-

1941

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

I83

laud" are bound to act towards
one other in the true spirit of
comradeship. They are interested
in literature, music, and art.
They are enthusiastic for the
beauties of nature and so under-
take, particularly on holidays, ex-
cursions and tours to the hills,
woods, and sea. As a matter of
principle they are devoted to the
old German folk-songs. Politics are
strictly banned from their gath-
erings. The primary idea amongst
the members of the organization
is the development, by personal en-
deavor, of their own characters.
Religious development is fostered
with special care ; indeed the Holy
Eucharist may be called the pivot
of the whole movement. The back-
bone of each branch is formed by
the members who compose the lo-
cal Sodality of the Blessed Virgin.
"Neu-Deutschland" can look
back with pride on its achieve-
ments. Within a year and a half
the number of members has ex-

ceeded 25,000. Our Holy Father
the Pope and the German bishops
have shown themselves lavish in
their praises of the movement and
furthered its growth in every pos-
sible way. The organ of the organi-
zation, Der Leuchtturm, edited bv
the Rev. Fr. Habrich, S. J., Seve-
rinstrasse 71-73, Cologne, appears
twice a month. A smaller paper,
called Aufstieg, which appears in
connection with the Leuchtturm,
gives the news of the association
in a somewhat abridged form.

Two general conferences have
already been held, at Cologne and
Fulda. The religious and patriotic
fervor manifested at these confer-
ences proved conclusively that a
magnificent spirit is still to be
found in the Catholic youth of
Germany. How pleasant it would
be if the wish of our Holy Father
the Pope were fulfilled and the as-
sociations of Catholic youth all
over the world gathered into one
great Catholic Union ! P. W.

One Reason for Collapses in Adult Life

Father E. R. Hull, S. J., un-
doubtedly touches upon one of the
weakest points in the teaching-
methods employed in most of our
Catholic schools when, in his latest
booklet, "Collapses in Adult
Life, ' ' he calls attention to the fact
that the appeal to natural motives
is not made use of as much as it
should. He mentions particularly
four such motives, namely, (1) The
appreciation of the ideal and the
beautiful, (2) Respect for public
opinion, (3) A realization of the
hurtful consequences of sin or
vice, and (4) "Pure and simple
fear of the police."

Father Hull in this connection
recalls a conversation with a Jesu-

it Father in Bombay, who main-
tained that one of the defects of
our educational system was a neg-
lect of the appeal to the stimulus
of the natural. "Members of re-
ligious orders," he said in sub-
stance, "fall into the fallacy of
looking upon their pupils as if
they were members of religious
orders too. Religious are so satu-
rated with doctrinal and moral
knowledge, and high supernatural
motives, and their lives are so dom-
inated by these sources of inspi-
ration and stimulation, that they
forget the natural side of human-
ity. They are apt to think that
falling back on natural motives
would be a sort of apostasy from

184

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

their high vocation. Pious relig-
ious in fact are quite afraid of let-
ting natural motives enter into
their work, and imagine that its
supernatural value is diminished
or destroyed thereby. They wish to
do their work purely for the love
of God, and get frightened at the
pleasure they feel in it, or the suc-
cess which attends it. The idea of
a nun being stimulated to do the
right thing because it is honorable
or creditable or admirable from a
natural point of view would most
likely be looked upon as a tempta-
tion of the devil."

One result of this system is that,
in time of temptation, the highest
motives go first and there remains
nothing upon which men can call
for aid in the struggle. "When it
comes to the practical struggle, the
highest motive is always the weak-

est. It is something so ethereal, so
intangible, and so unobtrusive
that it is sure to be smothered
under the brute mass of evil im-
pulse, passion, and the attractions
of sin, which are not only tangible
and appreciable and obtrusive, but
are so overwhelming that they
hardly leave any room for any-
thing else to occupy the mind."

Who that has attended a Cath-
olic school does not realize the
truth which Father Hull emphasiz-
es so well in this latest booklet of
his? Unquestionably there are
many other causes for the numer-
ous "collapses in adult life" which
we witness all around us; but
Father Hull has elucidated per-
haps the most important of them,
in his own clear and interesting
way.

Observer

The "Sovereign People" and the Peace

Robert Keable recalls in Black-
friars (II, 2) how an English bat-
talion commander said to his of-
ficers in 1915: "There is nothing
wrong with the army. The men
love and trust their officers; but
if the officers were withdrawn
from all the armies now at the
front, in a fortnight the first Allied
soldier who fired at a German, or
the first German who fired at the
Allies, would be shot by his own
comrades."

Mr. Keable adds the remarkable
comment : ' ' That this was so, was
known up and down the armies as
early as Christmas, 1914, but it
could not then be said. It marked,
however, the commencement of the
passing of the old delusion [of the
sovereignty of the people]. With a
growing conviction the peoples of
Europe have come to see that the

sovereignty which has been dinned
into their ears for their own, is
even more than a delusion, it is a
lie."

Ireland has found that out since
the close of the war. An over-
whelming majority of her repre-
sentatives asked for liberty and
self-determination and received —
Black and Tans!

Popular sovereignty is a delu-
sion; it is also a delusion, Mr.
Keable thinks, that the people will
ever seize the sovereignty which
rightfully belongs to them. They
cannot do so for three reasons:
(1) The people have no means of
knowing the truth. They depend
on a press which does not want to
tell the truth and could not if it
tried; (2) The people cannot speak
their mind because they have no
mind to speak, but are an ignorant

1921

THE FORTXIGHTLY REVIEW

mob with nothing but impulses;
(3) The people cannot deal with
realities because they are sur-
rounded by unrealities and uncer-
tainty. ' ' To-day no one makes any-
thing; he feeds a machine that
makes a part of something. No
man knows for what anything
ought to be sold. There is no fair
and open market. No man can tell
if the merchant asks an honest
price. No one knows who is honest
and who is not."

For these reasons the people can
never be sovereign. Nor can they
ever be contented. "The mass of
men are sick of strife, sick of wor-
ry, sick all but of life. So sick and
despairing are they, that they have
already turned away in great
numbers from any further hope of
those things, honest and of good
report, which go to make up life.

They despair of clean, honest,
wholesome labor for a plain honest
reward. The joys of simple men —
a home, a garden, free unshadowed
homes with wife and child — these
they know can never be for them.
It is a fact that modern complex
life in cities, growing daily bigger,
cannot provide these. They grasp,
then, at pleasure, or its shadow.
Selfishness grows among them.
Weary of false prophets and lying
councillors, they distrust prophecy
and counsel at all. True wisdom is
not to be found, they say, nor un-
selfish men. Let us eat and drink,
while we can ; to excess if possible ;
to-morrow we die. Such is the Sov-
ereign People. Such is the peace."
This sombre picture may be
somewhat overdrawn; but who
will dare to assert that essentially
it does not correspond to the facts !

Phallic Romanticism"

Mr. Edward M. Chapman, in the
Literary Review for May 7, heads
a very sensible discussion of con-
temporary literature significant-
ly, "Phallic Romanticism." He
declares that the American novel-
ists enjoying the greatest vogue at
present call themselves" realists";
"and since cant phrases are al-
most as readily accepted in the
realm of literary criticism as in
that of politics, their claim is hon-
ored. "Realists they are admitted
to be, and sex is their slogan. The
gusto with which the slogan has
come to be shouted, is fascinating.
Psychologist has joined forces
with the novelist. The world bids
fair to become Freudian. Even
men whose art is of the most
rudimentary description, feel the
incompleteness of their efforts ex-
cept the master word be uttered. A

book came to my table for notice
the other day that was frankly
amusing in its crude Jack London-
ism. All the paraphernalia of 'red
blood' and 'virility' were there.
The jacket assured me that the
author has the punch in both fists,
and his portrait was printed to
substantiate the claim. Of course
there is a fight: the girl of the
story looks on, less frightened
than enthralled, and her soul goes
out toward the blind Berserker
who is the protagonist, while the
author comments: 'This was sex,
primitive, predominant. ' There
was little in the tale to justify
such a conclusion ; but none the
less the formula must needs be
dragged in or the book would fail
of orthodoxy."

"It was incidental and uncon-
scious testimony to the extent to

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

which sex has become an object of
literary worship. The romanticist
must bring it in by violence if it
will not come otherwise. The
realist must put it in first place,
make it the pivot upon w T hich all
else turns, and measure his success
as a student of reality by his as-
sault upon life's accustomed
reticencies. He fails to see that in
the process he passes over from
the ranks of realism proper into
those of romanticism which his
soul abhors. So enamored is he of
phallic worship as to lose his sense
of proportion ; so loud in shouting
the praises of the great god sex
as fairly to deafen himself to a
hundred other voices quite as real
if not always so vociferous."

Who will say that this criticism
is not well-deserved ? Surely there
are other things in life to be cross-
sectioned — if it be insisted that
this is the essence of the realistic
method — than unhealthy, unnatu-

ral sexuality. Let us even suppose
that all the affaires d' amour which
fill the pages of the modern novels
are healthy, wholesome episodes.
Yet surely this is not all of life,
nor even a goodly portion of it.
The older novelists, whose place is
secure in the literature of the
world, could ramble on for whole
chapters without the slightest hint
that they were reserving for us at
some place along the line a bit of
a love story. Nor did their art re-
quire it. It was true to life and
therefore completely sufficient. It
satisfied because it took for its ob-
jective the whole of life and not
merely that portion concerned
with love and marriage, the ob-
stetric room and the divorce
court, or, worse still, "the eternal
triangle."

"Phallic Romanticism" is a fit
title for much of contemporary
American literature.

The Servile State

The more we see of the prevail-
ing school of Catholic social re-
form, the less our admiration for
it. There seems to be an ingrown
idea among us that the State, as
at present constituted, is an all-
holy, omnipotent, and omni-com-
petent creation, to which we can
go for our economic and social sal-
vation and upon which we can un-
load all our ever-increasing diffi-
culties, and from which we can ex-
pect something like relief

The plain fact is that the mod-
ern State is a deformed social in-
stitution — the result of the diseas-
ed capitalistic system. We are at-
tempting to cure the latter by
means of the former, though both
are essentially rotten and should
be scrapped.

Mr. G. D. H. Cole, in his "Guild
Socialism" truly remarks in this
connection (p. 20) that "There
was a time in the Middle Ages,
when the State was only one of a
number of social institutions and
associations, all of which exercis-
ed, within more or less clearly de-
fined spheres of operation, a recog-
nized social power and authority.
During the period which followed
the close of the Middle Ages, these
other bodies were for the most
part either swept away or reduced
to impotence; but the effect of
their disappearance w r as not, ex-
cept to a limited extent for a time
in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries, the assumption of their
powers by the State, but the pass-
ing of the social purposes which

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

187

they had regulated outside the
sphere of communal regulation al-
together. Thus the ground was
cleared for the unguided operation
of the industrial revolution in the
eighteenth and nineteenth centur-
ies, and the vast structure of
modern industrialism grew up
without any attempt by Society, as
an organized system, to direct it
to the common advantage. This un-
regulated growth in its turn
created the urgent need for inter-
vention ; and, all alternative forms
of communal structure having
been destroyed or submerged, it

was the State which was called
upon to intervene. Thus took place
the vast extension of the sphere
of State action which, whilst it was
partly protective in its origin, led
to the confrontation of the pigmy
man by a greater Leviathan, and
produced a situation extremely in-
imical to personal liberty, of its
real inroads upon which we are
only now becoming fully sensible.
As Mr. Belloc would say, it created
the conditions in modern society
which are making for the Servile
State."

Rents and Rent Commissions

The Rev. Dr. John A. Ryan
writes sympathetically of the re-
cent decision of the Supreme Court
of the United States in regard to
rent laws. The highest tribunal of
the land has declared, by a major-
ity decision of one, that it is legal
for the rent commissions that have
been created here and there during
the past few years, to regulate
rents and renting.

Dr. Ryan justifies the decisior.
of the Supreme Court on the basis
of Catholic principle. We are
pleased to find the majority mem-
bers of the Supreme Court in such
good company, but in precisely
what manner will this decision ef-
fect the lowering of rents! Here
and there illegal profiteering has
undoubtedly occurred, and it is
with these cases that the rent com-
missions could deal if the harassed
renter had the time and inclination
to fight the issue. But with the
present high cost of building, the
stiff rates of interest, and the pre-
vailing scarcity of money, who will
say that, for the most part, the

rents as they are at present are
not justified?

It is significant of the impotency
of the prevailing Catholic social
reform movement that, as yet,
there has not appeared even an
inkling of what could be called a
solution of this most pressing evil.
Are we to conclude that there is
no remedy and that the poor
renter is to be crushed between
high rents and low wages? Un-
earned increment is a hasty thing,
economically, but until it is tackl-
ed, there is no hope of obtaining
relief from the present difficulties.

There is little use in justifying
'-rent commissions" on the basis
of Catholic principles, until we
know whether or not these new
bodies can be of any real help.
Meanwhile by accentuating State
control, we add to the expense of
governing. If it does not rather
help to increase the cost of every-
thing without doing anything
whatever by way of reducing
rents, we shall be very much sur-
prised. F.

188

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 16

Prohibition and Crime
According to the Chicago Trib-
une of May 24th, our legislators at
Washington voted another large
sum for the enforcement of the
Volstead Act. Which proves that
public sentiment is not in favor of
a law which interferes with the
personal liberty of a large number
of the people, and which is radical
and unreasonable. Those who ad-
vocated the passage of the bone
dry law, especially non-Catholic
and non-Lutheran clergymen, were
convinced that the prohibition of
the manufacture and sale of liquor
would help to bring the men into
their churches, and that, the drink
evil being abolished, all social
problems would be satisfactorily
solved.

But whoever will impartially
compare conditions prevailing in
society before and after the for-
cible abolition of liquor manufac-
ture and traffic, must, I think, ad-
mit that, instead of improvement,
deterioration has come upon us. If
we have to wait for bone dry pro-
hibition to bring men into the
churches, they will never come;
and social problems can not be ef-
fectively solved by the enactment
and enforcement of unreasonable
laws. As one of the enforcement
officers is said to have remarked
recently: "The people at large
don't want this law, and because
of this it is impossible to make
the country absolutely dry."

Had the Drys contented them-
selves with the abolition of whis-
key, they might have succeeded,
but they took advantage of war
conditions, which happened to be
in their favor, and became radical
in their demands. But Radicalism
must beget Radicalism, and it is
no wonder that the people begin to

rebel against and violate a law
that is offensive to a great many,
if not most of them.

So the Volstead Act cannot but
defeat the purpose for which it
was forced upon the people. It cer-
tainly will not bring the men back
into the churches, and as far as
social conditions are concerned, we
are worse pit than before this law
became operative. We have never
had as many holdups, thefts, mur-
ders, and "soulmate" cases as
since the doubtful blessings of
bone dryism have come unto us;
never as many adulteries, divorc-
es, and broken up homes.

In spite of all police protection
no one is safe on the streets of our
large cities unless he carries a
gun, and the professional crooks
and "vamps" and murderers are
not, as a rule, and never have been
habitual drunkards.

In the summer of last year an
adult probation officer of the crim-
inal court of Chicago spent his va-
cation with the writer. When asked
about the beneficial results of the
bone dry law in his city, this man,
who certainly is in a position to
know, responded: "While it is
true that some homes are benefit-
ted by it, it is also true that crimes
of violence have increased by 100
per cent." Fr. A. B.

The I. W. W.

Dr. John A. Ryan in the current
issue of the Catholic Historical
Review, reviews Paul F. Brissen-
den's book, "The I. W. W., a
Study of American Syndicalism."
Dr. Brissenden spent more than
ten years in gathering the mate-
rials for this work, which is char-
acterized by his critic as "unbi-
ased, adequate, and scholarly."

The I. W. W. has never been

19Sil

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

189

strong numerically, and at the
present time probably does not
contain more than 100,000 paid-up
members. They are distinctively
"the underpaid and the unskilled
in the labor world, — those who
have been neglected by the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor." They
regard themselves as the "prole-
tariat," in contrast with the aris-
tocracy of labor, which composes
the Federation.

Some time ago the I. W. W.
split into two branches, known
generally as the Detroit and the
Chicago factions, * the "intellec-
tuals" and the real wage-earners
of radical tendencies. The latter
group insists upon "direct action"
as a necessary policy.

Dr. Ryan thinks that "until the
Federation makes greater head-
way than it has made in the past
in organizing this underpaid and
unskilled element, the I. W. W.
and kindred organizations will
continue to obtain a foothold.

A noteworthy fact is that the I.
W. W. organization is Syndicalist
rather than Socialist, that is, it
does not believe in a centralized
ownership and management of in-
dustry by the State. It is more
akin to the French Syndicalists or
• even the English National Guilds-
men.

"Whatever its excesses of doc-
trine and of conduct," concludes
Dr. Ryan, the I. W. W. "does raise
an important problem which must
some time and somehow be solved :
it is the problem of enabling the
worker to participate in a more
vital way than at present in the
conditions of production and the
disposition of the product."

Such problems cannot be solved
by the penitentiary or deportation.

The Morning after the Night Before

A correspondent of the New
Age (London) who has been in
America recently, writes to that
estimable journal in the course of
an interesting recital of his ex-
periences (No. 1494, p. 305) :

"America went into the war at
last by chicanery; and for this
reason they were and still are op-
posed to her entry into it. They
are not concerned with the fact so
much as with the excuse. Wilson
was returned for his second term
largely as the man who had kept
America out of the war! He
promptly brought the country in-
to it. But he and his supporters
in press and pulpit expounded the
war as a 'fight for democracy' and
all that sort of thing. As a fight
against a definite evil, the war was
never understood in America; she
went into the war ostensibly to
make the world better, not to
save it from becoming worse.
Every force of coercion, violence,
and hypocrisy was exerted to
rouse the country against the
new enemy. I need not give
examples of this; it was notori-
ous even in Europe. The reaction
has come now. America is suffer-
ing from the morning after the
night before. The intellectuals
tried to counterbalance the war
hysteria when it began; they
failed, and their very failure made
them move over much more to the
anti-war side than they would
naturally have proceeded. But to-
day the whole country is with
them. America hates the war,
hates England, hates Europe as a
whole."

We do not know about the ha-
tred of Europe, but there can be
no doubt that America "hates the

190

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

Great Britain Preparing for War

In the third year of peace Great
Britain is reported to be once more
leading the world in armament
building-. The scrapping of obso-
lete vessels was heralded as a
British challenge to the U. S. to
discuss the question of disarma-
ment. Super-battleships, enorm-
ously stronger in gun-powder,
speed and armor, will be the latest
word in naval construction. The
Hood battle cruiser, now in com-
mission, embodies the improve-
ments which war experience sug-
gested, but the latest battleships
to be laid down show a consider-
able advance as compared with the
Hood type. Of the. fleet now in
commission, the greater part is
concentrated in the Altantic,
where the battleships are exclu-
sively armed with 15-inch guns, as
compared with 13.5 inch guns in
the battleships of the Mediter-
ranean fleet.

The guns of the newest type of
British battleships will, it is re-
ported, be of the 20-inch type de-
signed during the war, but never
constructed. This gun weighs 200
tons and fires a shell of 5,000
pounds. The battleships of the
U. S. are armed With 16-inch guns.

The official explanation of this
strong concentration in the Atlan-
tic is that it is necessary for pur-
poses of tactical and sea training,
but this explanation does not ap-
pear to be regarded as satisfac-
tory by officials at Washington.
Nor is it satisfactory to the To-
ronto Statesman, whose editor
comments (iv, 23) :" History seems
to be repeating itself. Concentra-
tion in the North Sea before the
Great War convinced Germany
that war was inevitable and war
followed. Is it wise to force the
pace on the Atlantic seaboard ! ' '

The N. C. C. M.

The Catholic Charities Review
(No. 5) remarks that "If the.
National Council of Catholic Men
can attract young men to social
work and help them create* their
own opportunities, it will be rend-
ering a splendid service to Church
and country."

We do not enjoy all the news
advantages of our Eastern breth-
ren; but if this so-called National
Council of Catholic Men really ex-
isted, we should have heard the
rustling of its wings in some of the
parishes of our mid-West cities.
On the supposition — this is the
only pleasure left these dour days
— that this organization does exist,
may we rise to remark that the
N.C.W.C. would do well first to
train and educate a body of social
workers and organizers, who can
perhaps, be attracted to social
wprk? As things stand at present
we do not believe it to be pessim-
ism, but a plain statement of truth,
to say that the possibility of the
N.C.C.M. attracting anything but
obituary notices is as meagre as
the camel-needle combination.

Let us get right down to bed-
rock before we do a lot of publicity
work about something that does
not and can not exist. This means
honest-to-goodness parish organi-
zation, a press, and an educated
body of workers in the field who
will be able to hold all this to-
gether. So far there is nothing in
sight, and we cannot but feel that
it will be years before the Catholic
element in the United States can
even attempt unification, though
that is the most sorely needed
thing in American Catholic life to-
day." F.

— Swords may be beaten into plowshares,
but a silk shirt can't be converted into a
pair of overalls.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

191

The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion"
A refutation of the authenticity
of the documents called " Proto-
cols of the Wise Men of Zion," on
which present-day Anti-Semites
largely base their attacks upon the
Jews, is undertaken by Herman
Bernstein in "The History of a
Lie" (J. S. Ogilvie Co.) He con-
tends that the "Protocols," in
substance, originated in a story of
Herman Goldsche, who under the
pen name of ' ' Sir John Retcliffe ' '
wrote a series of German novels
in 1866 sqq. A chapter from one of
these, entitled, "The Jewish Ceme-
tery in Prague and the Council of
Representatives of the Twelve
Tribes of Israel," was published
as a separate booklet in a Russian
translation in 1872, — first avowed-
ly as a work of fiction, later, for
some unknown reason, as a state-
ment of fact. The dialogue of the
novel was consolidated into one
continuous speech and put into the
mouth of an imaginary rabbi in
such a way as to make it appear
to be an address delivered by him
to a secret convocation of Jews.
It has been asserted that the
"Protocols" are the plans of
world conquest read to a so-called
"Council of Elders" by Theodore
Herzl at the first Zionist Congress
at Basle, in 1897. Mr. Israel Zang-
will, who attended all the sessions
of that congress, denies this asser-
tion in his book, "The Voice of
Jerusalem" (Macmillan). He
classes the "Protocols" with the
numerous other forgeries by which
it has been attempted at various
times to link the Jews with world
conspiracies.

Mr. John Spargo has also felt it
incumbent upon himself to protest
against the so-called documents
which seek to connect the Jews as
a class with aspirations of world

conquest, and his book "The Jew
and American Ideals" (Macmil-
lan) should be read in connection
with this controversy. Mr. Spargo
is not a Jew.

A Modern "Tom Sawyer''
1 ' Mitch Miller " is a novel by the
author of the "Spoon River An-
thology," Mr. Edgar Lee Masters.
It is a tale of thirty years ago and
its hero is the impersonation of
the poetry of boyhood. If he had
lived, so his creator says, he would
have suffered. Such natures will
always suffer, but he would have
suffered particularly from the
changes in America. A note of re-
gret for this sounds in an under-
tone throughout the book, and
sounds loudly in the epilogue.

"If he had lived through as
many years as I have lived, he
would have passed through the
chaos, the dust, the hate, the un-
truth that followed the Civil War.
He would have seen an army or-
ganization exercising a control in
the affairs of the Republic beyond
its right ... he would have seen
wealth amass through legalized
privilege into the hands of treas-
ure hunters; and he would ha f ve
seen these treasure hunters make
and interpret the laws their own
way ... he would have seen his
country spend ten times what it
spent in the Civil War, and lose in
battles or disease half as many
young men as it lost in the Civil
War in the crusade of making the
world safe for democracy ; and he
would have seen democracy
throttled and almost destroyed at
home, and democracy abroad help-
ed no whit by this terrible war . . .
The America his father hoped for
and the America he would have
hoped for sits, for the time beings
anyway, in dullness and in dust."

192

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

"Brother" Harding
We read in The Nation (No.
2914): "At the one hundred and
second anniversary of the Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows,
President Harding told the assem-
bled 'boys' how, at a lodge meet-
ing, he had found himself sitting
next to his 'shofer.' Business of
mutual surprise. 'Ever after,' said
the President, 'he was a better
chauffeur and I was a better em-
ployer.' The twofold moral adorn-
ing this tale is clear. A better
boss for being a lodge brother,
Warren G. Harding should surely
make a grand president. Is"he not
a Mason, a Shriner, an Odd Pel-
low, and for all we know, an Elk,
Owl, Eagle, Moose, Red Man, and
Knight of Pythias? For all his
lodge brothers he becomes a better
president. But how about those
benighted outsiders to whom he
does not belong? The Knights of
Columbus and the Independent
Order of B'nai B'rith should
promptly forward their applica-
tion blanks to the White House.
As for the residuum of non-join-
ers, they should take steps to
secure the maximum of service
out of their chief executive by
electing him immediatelv High
Cockalorum of the B.U.N. C.O.M.
B.E. — the Benevolent Unassociat-
ed Non-Conformers of Mentality
Beyond Elevation. ' '

—<$M.-.

Correspondence

To the Editor: —

I f vou will kindly publish these re-
marks, I hope to trouble you no further
with this disagreeable matter which has
been forced upon me — unless compelled
to do so in self-protection.

1 am happy to say that the Annee
Dominicaine (Paris) for March saves
me the trouble of answering Father
Devas' letter in your May 15th issue in

cxtenso. Readers who wish to know will
find in the Annee Dominicaine' s review
of "Ex Umbris" quite sufficient about
Father Devas' "strange book," the im-
pression which it made, and the spirit
in which it was written, as well as
about Foisset, Lacordaire, suppression,
etc.

However, I cannot refrain from pass-
ing a few strictures of my own on
Father Devas' letter.

1. He writes: "These letters and
papers are what Fr. Jandel expressly
wished to be in the hands of every
member of the Order interested in the
Croat questions involved." These words
should have been supplemented by
Father Jandel's no less express state-
ment that these letters and papers "are
not written with a view to publication."
With Father Devas we believe that his-
tory should be truthful. So should it be
constructive. Unless it is such, it will
do little good, if it is not quite useless.
Nor can any ex parte presentation of a
cjuestion, written with a view of prop-
agating one's own pet ideas, claim all
the honor of telling the truth.

2. Father Devas' half-hearted con-
tention that Canon 1385 of the New
Code derogates from the rule of the
Dominican Constitutions requiring the
names of the provincial, or General,
and two censors of the Order to be
printed in a book published by a mem-
ber of the institute, must appear strange
to a canonist. Father Devas should
read Canon 489, which is fundamental.
Furthermore, his remarks about his
book, "Ex Umbris," being published
"cum superiorum licentia' are not to
the pont. The Order's constitutions.
\"os. 1153 — 1156, give the rule and the

ErKer's

Styles in Spectacles

Rimless, gold, shclltex and tor-
toise shell complete with lenses
at moderate prices

1 SOS two 511 N.
I OLIVE ***** GRAND _
a illll l l lllll lll l lll lll l ll l l ll ll ll l i n i llllll ll ll lllll lll^

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

method to be followed in regard to the
publication of a book. The only case
in which, as far as the present writer
can see, the printing of merely "cum
supcriorum licentia" can be permitted,
is when a work is published anonym-
ously. This may be seen from Consti-
tutiones, 1153, VII. The old law still
stands, and neither provincial nor
bishop can set it aside. No, Father O'-
Daniel does not wish to know the cen-
sors of "Ex Umbris.''

3. I do not fear the verdict of those
who read ''Ex Umbris," though it might
pay them to read the other side of the
case too. Father Devas may continue
to hold his own opinion ; he has certain-
ly not changed mine.

V. F. O'Daniel, O. P.,
Washington. D. C.

«~»~S>«-»

Notes and Gleanings

— "Wholesale Prices Decline 43 Per
Cent in Twelve Months."' The decline
in retail prices is being figured out with
a micrometer.

— There is a powerful little plea in
the current Month, by Mr. Louis Vin-
cent, for the use of "movies" in the
cause of religion. Mr. Vincent makes
out quite a good case, but can the real
quality of a Benson or an Ayscough
story be conveyed on the film?

— The Bollandist Society ( Boulev'd
Saint-Michel, 22. Brussels, Belgium )
has for sale a set of the famous "Acta
Sanctorum," complete sets of which are
very scarce. The purchase money will
he a sensible aid to the work of this
famous company of Jesuits, whose re-
sources have been seriously impaired
by the war.

— After it gets through with the
Jews, we suppose Henry Ford's Dear-
born Independent will undertake a

campaign against the Knights of Co-
lumbus. Already the paper (June 4) is
declaiming against "knighthood gone
to seed'' and denouncing all "titular
distinctions" as "trappings of royalty"
incompatible with democracy.

— Readers of The Month will have
noticed with regret the announcement
made in the May number, that Father
Sydney Smith, S. J., who has been
among the magazine's contributors for
many years past — his first article having
appeared as far back as 1869 — has at
length been compelled to retire from
the editorial staff, a veritable miles
emeritus, who has done good service in
his day. and may now be content to rest
from his labor and leave the work in
the hands of younger men.

— Twenty-four of the fifty-six sign-
ers of the Declaration of Independence
are asserted to have been Masons in a
recent statement by Past Grand Master
W. W. Clarke of Louisiana. In this con-
nection the Christian Cynosure (Chi-
cago, Vol. LIV, No. 2, p. 35) quotes
the following declaration of Past Grand
Master G. W. Baird, District of Co-
lumbia, from the "Proceedings" of the
Grand Lodge of the District of Colum-
bia, 1919, p. 418 : "We have been search-
ing for evidence on this for the past
twenty years, but we cannot verify
ten."

— The Dial has been examining into
the case of Mark Twain. It is undoubt-
edly pathological, and not only Clements
himself, but America, were the victims.
Mark Twain undoubtedly had talent,
but instead of using it for the good of
his fellowmen he prostituted it for their
amusement. As Mr. Lovett says, Mark
Twain "flattered a country without art,
letters, beauty or standards to laugh at
these things." If he could come back
and judge of things sub specie aetcrni-

CASPER STEHLE BEDDING COMPANY

1834 Morgan Street H c - smit h. Manager y T Louis, Mo.

Sixty Years in Business is a Guarantee of Satisfied Customers

Hospitals and Institutions Receive Special Attention

MATTRESSES of all kinds and sizes, and PILLOWS

Write for quotations, or, better still, try a Sample Felt Mattress in a A. C. A. Tick, built up

extra well in the middle, @ $8.00 net, F. O. B. St. Louis

194

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

tatis, as he was too blind to do whilst
in the flesh, he would no doubt ac-
quiesce in this severe judgment.

— There has been an alarming de-
crease of candidates for the Methodist
as well as for the Episcopalian and
ether pulpits, so that a "life service
commission" has been organized, with
Bishop Henderson of Detroit at its
head, to begin a "vigorous campaign" to
supply Methodist needs. The Episco-
palian theological schools have so fallen
ofT in attendance that the anxiety of
those concerned has been aroused.
"Thus," comments The Nation (No.
2917), "we have another interesting
side-light upon that great spiritual re-
vival which was scheduled by the war-
makers to follow upon the holy busi-
ness of wholesale slaughter on behalf of
democracy and humanity."

— The Catholic doctrine of dogmatic
intolerance is frankly adopted by the
Protestant Sunday School Times, of
Philadelphia, which says in its edition
of May 7, 1921 : "True love is always
intolerant. . . . God was so intolerant
of sin that 'He gave His only begotten
Son' in order that, by the shed blood
of that Son, He might deliver men from
intolerable sin and its intolerable con-
sequences. The whole message of the
Bible makes it plain that whoever wil-
fully, persistently tolerates things that
God cannot tolerate becomes necessarily
intolerable to God. What a sad mistake
it is, in these last days, when men ac-
tually make a virtue of toleration in
directions where God makes it a vice.

Some one has written, Tt is as if people
were so afraid of intolerance that they
are beginning to have no convictions
at all.' "

— The Rev. Dr. MacEachen, of the
Catholic University of America, says
(Cath. Hist. Review, N. S., I, 1, p. 124)
that the first catechism to come into
general use was that of "the Saint
Peter Canisius." This is a little "pre-
vious," as Bl. Peter Canisius has not yet
been canonized. To-day, by the way,
the number of catechisms used through-
out the world is almost innumerable.
Dr. MacEachen says there are 110 of-
ficially adopted in French dioceses, 25
in English, 20 in Spanish, 20 in Italian,
20 in German, 15 in Portuguese, 3 in
Hungarian, 3 in Polish, and so forth,
besides innumerable non-official texts.
Dr. MacEachen has a collection of 4,000
catechisms, said to be the largest in the
world.

— In his series of papers on "Some
Physical Phenomena of Mysticism,"
in the Month, Father Herbert Thurston.
S. J., discusses, inter alia, the incorrup-
tion of the mortal remains of pious per-
sons. He institutes an inquiry into the
state of the mortal remains of forty-
two saints of the last five centuries, who
have been included in the Roman cal-
endar. He finds that in twenty-two
cases the body was found incorrupt
after an interval which normally would
bring about a state of advanced decom-
position or complete decay ; in seven
cases there were indications of unusual
phenomena of a similar character ;

Havana
Filled

Wagner's Londres Grande

Imported
Sumatra
Wrapper
100 — $7. 80 (Smoked in 47 States) 50 — $4. 00

|ry |hem- |akes |he |aste |o |ell |he |ale

Ssnt Post Paid on Receipt of Money Order or N. Y. Draft-
After Smoking three S-gars. if not as represented or
satisfactory, pack well and return by Parcel Post
Money and Postage by return mail.

MATT. WAGNER & SON

Established 1866
58 North Pearl St. BUFFALO, N. Y.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

195

whilst in the remaining cases the nega-
tive evidence against incorruption was
not always conclusive.

— That the Dearborn Independent's
campaign against the Jews is at bottom
nothing but a piece of ordinary anti-
semi tic agitation, transplanted to this
country from Europe, appears plainly
frcm the latest installment (June 4).
There the Jews are blamed, inter alia,
for objecting to the Red Cross, to the
Gideons, to the Salvation Army, to the
Y. M. C. A., and to Theodore Roose-
velt's choice of a battle hymn for the
Progressive party. In matter of fact
Jewish opinion is divided on these
points, as is Catholic opinion. We, for
one, share all these dislikes ; are we
for that reason inferior Americans, who
deserve to be ostracized and persecut-
ed ? We are sorry to see Mr. Henry
Ford lending his name to such an un-
just and silly agitation.

— In the current issue of the St.
Louis Catholic Historical Review, the
editor, reviewing Fr. O'Daniel's Life of
Bp. Fen wick, points out that the rela-
tive rigorism existing in continental
Europe at the end of the 18th century,
and transplanted to America by such
early missionaries as Frs. Nerinckx and
Badin, was not so much the result of
Jansenism, as a reaction against the
baneful principles of the French Revo-
lution. The missionaries simply follow-
ed the theology they had been taught
and in the absolute soundness of which
they implicitly believed. Dr. Souvay
thinks most of the weird stories of
strange penances, extravagant abstin-
ences, etc., imposed by these priests
were invented by malcontent parishion-
ers and penitents, or induced by mis-
understanding. Fr. Nerinckx, for ex-
ample, "never could speak English de-
centlv and was often misunderstood.'"

—Mr. O. F. Englebrecht, of Mil-
waukee, presumably a Protestant min-
ister, in a paper contributed to the
Christian Cynosure (Vol. LIV, No. 2),
calls attention to the significant fact
that politicians are increasingly using
secret societies as a means to further
their individual fortunes. "On what
other theory," he says, "could one ex-
plain the fact that the vast majority of
politicians are connected with some
secret society, often with many, prefer-
ably with the Masons? How else could
one account for the fact, as was the
case in Nebraska a year ago, that twen-
t /-one of the twenty-four State Sena-
tors were Masons, that the majority of
the Supreme judges, the governor, and
most other office-holders were Masons,
unless one assumed that the Masons are
in politics, all claims to the contrary
notwithstanding?"

— A Georgia cotton farmer, writing
in the N. Y. Independent ( Xo. 3/76),
says the Ku Klux Klan which is so rap-
idly spreading over the country, is not
the old Ku Klux Klan of the post-
Civil War period, but an entirely new
organization, whose chief objects are:

( 1 ) to protect white moonshiners and

(2) to stop the making of whiskey by
negroes, for themselves or for white
men. These may be some of the ob-
jects of the Klan, perhaps its principal
objects, in the South. But the organiza-
tion is spreading also in the Xorth.
What are its aims and purposes here,
where the negro is not a dangerous
competitor of the white man in the
manufacture and sale of illicit whiskey?
One thing is certain : the Ku Klux
Klan everywhere is both nativistic and
anti-Catholic and therefore a serious
danger to the country.

—Volumes XVIII and XIX of the
"Jahrbuch" of the German Historical

Catholic Art and Architecture

A revised and enlarged second edition, containing forty-eight pages of plates, plus twenty-five pages of text.
Thj taxt lays d>wa solid principles on Catholic art and architecture, and the plates exemplify these principles, as

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

196

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

Society of Illinois, for the years 1918
and 1919, has just appeared. Like the
previous three or four volumes, these
two, bound in one, are edited by Prof.
Julius Goebel, of the University of
Illinois. The longer articles deal with
Swiss emigration to America, Christian
Wolff and the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, Hoffmann von Fallersleben's
"Texanische Lieder," reminiscences of
the historian H. A. Rattermann, a neg-
lected factor in the anti-slavery triumph
in Iowa in 1854, and the late Paul
Cams. There are the usual obituary
notices of deceased members and a re-
port of the 1919 meeting of the society.
It is discouraging to learn that this ex-
cellent society can continue its work
only through the generosity of a few
of its wealthier members.

— Princess Bliicher, in her interesting
book, "An English Wife in Berlin,"
tells that in the course of the world
war a reduction was effected in the pay
of all officers in the German army, from
the minister of war to the youngest
lieutenant. This leads a correspondent
of the Tablet to ask: Is there any rea-
son why this principle of the equality
of sacrifice should not be applied to in-
dustrial concerns? If the reduction in
the cost of living and the need of meet-
ing foreign competition render advis-
able the lowering of wages in a great
industry, ought not the salaries of di-
rectors, managers, and the better-paid
officials to be reduced in proportion?
Questions of equity apart, it would pro-
mote good will. If the principals an-
nounce their intention of reducing their
own salaries, subordinates will certainly
be more ready to accept reductions in
theirs.

— The current issue (Vol. Ill, No.
1—2) of the St. Louis Catholic His-
torical Review is a double number of
150 pages. The leading articles are:
"The Old Cathedral Conference of the
St. Vincent de Paul Society," by the
Rev. Paul Schulte ; a "Historical Sketch
of the Parish of Opelousas, La.," by the
V. Rev. B. Golliard; "The Old St.
Louis Calvary," by the Rev. John Ro-
thensteiner; "The Beginnings of Cath-

The Western
Catholic Union

A Catholic Fraternal Society
with Adequate Rates

Forty-three Years of Successful
Operation

Accumulated Fund Almost $500,000

Rates Based on Fraternal Congress

and American Experience Table

of Mortality at 4%

Catholic Men and Women admitted
at age 16 to 50 years

Benefit Certificates in Amounts

from $250 to $2,000 on the

Whole Life Plan

Benefit Certificates in the Twenty
Pay Life from $250 to $3,000

Juvenile Section for the Children

A W. C. U. Branch in a Parish or
Community is a Positive Asset

For furtlur paiticu'ars address

W.C. U. Headquarters

Illinois State Bank Building
Quincy, Illinois

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

197

olicity in Cape Girardeau, Mo.", by the
Rev. E. Pruente. To these are added
the usual historical and bibliographical
notes and a selection of documents
from the archives of the Archdiocese.
The editor-in-chief of this interesting
and valuable quarterly, Dr. Charles L.
Souvay, C. M., of the Kenrick Sem-
inary, on May 30th celebrated his silver
jubilee as a priest. We beg leave to add
to the many felicitations offered to him
on this occasion those of the Fort-
nightly Review, to whose pages he
has contributed. Ad multos annos!

— Dr. R. Willman, of St. Joseph,
Mo., says that the failure of the "Cath-
olic Press Month" is attributable to the
fact that the movement was neither
properly announced nor judiciously
conducted. He adds that, the Catholic
newspapers themselves are partly to
blame because they did not endorse his
own little publication, "The Lay
Apostolate," of which specimen copies
with order blanks have been mailed to
the clergy. Of what benefit this monthly
leaflet by a well-meaning but inex-
perienced amateur could be in a matter
where the ordinary press organs and the
pulpit have practically failed to ac-
complish the desired result, is hard to
understand. Those who are eager to
further the apostolate of the press
should not start new publications, but
take as many legitimate Catholic journ-
als as they are able to pay for, distribute
them among their friends, remind every
negligent Catholic they meet of his
duty towards the press, and undertake
to gain new subscribers gratis or at a
nominal commission.

— A majority is quite as arrogant in its
belief that it "can do no wrong" as any king
ever was.

— A religious education is the richest gift
a parent can bestow upon a child ; the want
of it can never be made up by wealth.

Literary Briefs

—Father F. S. Betten, S. J., in a letter
to the Catholic press calls attention to the
fact that an important sentence was omitted
(no doubt inadvertently) in the English
translation of Janssen's History of the Ger-
man People, Vol. III. After the words, "an 1
raised up a storm and insurrection," at the
middle of page 192, the text should read :
"The following day, April 18, at the second
hearing, Luther showed the steadfastness
expected by his friends, and with fearless,
unterrified voice refused to make any kind
of retraction."

— "Collapses in Adult Life," by the Re-'.
Ernest R. Hull, S.J., is a sequal to the
same author's "Formation of Character." Fr.
Hull attempts here to answer a question that
has been often propounded, namely, why do
so many graduates of our Catholic schools
fail when they come in contact with real
life? Xo one can prove to a demonstration
that Father Hull's views, as expounded in
this pamphlet, are correct until they have
been fairly weighed and tried out. They
have the advantage of being practical and
sensible and capable of incorporation into
the prevailing teaching methods. Part VIII,
"The Appeal to Natural Motives," contains
Father Hull's answer to the present difficul-
ty, and it merits consideration by every
Catholic educator. We have too long .glossed
over the failures of our educational system,
and it would seem that the remedies pro-
posed by Father Hull were worthy of a

Ideal Catholic Boarding Schools

Fully Accredited

St. Benedict's College

High School, Commercial and College Courses
Preparatoiy Seminary

Modern Buildings, Gymnasium and Swimming Pool

St. Benedict's Maur Hill

Separate, complete plant for younger students

CONDUCTED BY THE

BENEDICTINE FATHERS
Atchisou, Kans.

ST. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

198

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

thorough trial. Parents, too, would do well
to peruse this valuable little book on the
proper education of their chidren. (Retailed
in this country by the B. Herder Book Co.,
St. Louis. Mo.)

—Dr. Charles Telch's "Epitome Theologian
Moralis," based upon Noldin's "Summa,"
has appeared in a new (the fifth) edition.
This useful summary of moral theology has
been revised according to the new Code
and is consequently apt to serve more ef-
fectively than before the harassed student
before examination as well as the busy priest
on the missions. A recent reply of the Com-
mission for the Authentic Interpretation of
the Code will modify the view expressed
(p. 288) in reference to percgrini and re-
served sins. It is confusing to speak of clan-
destinity as an impediment (p. 330- (F r -
Pustet Co., Inc.).

Books Received

A Woman of the Bentivoglios. By Gabriel
Francis Powers. 79 pp. 8vo. Notre Dame,
Ind. : Ave Maria Press.

Why the American Daily Standard Failed
and How it is Going to Win. By J. Clover
Monsma. 109 pp. 8vo. Grand Rapids, Mich. :
Seymour & Muir Printing Co. 50 cts. post-
paid.

Aehrenlese. Erlebtes und Erwogenes von Se-
bastian von Oer, Benediktiner aus der Beu-
roner Kongregation. Zweite Reihe. vi &
248 pp. i2mo. Freiburg i. B.: B. Herder &
Co.; St. Louis, Mo.: B. Herder Book Co.
$1.10.

A Son of the Hidalgos. By Ricardo Leon.
Translated by Catalina Paez (Mrs. Seumas
MacManus). xx & 296 pp. i2mo. Garden
City, N. Y. and Toronto, Canada: Double-
day. Page & Co. $1.75 net.

A Catechism of the Social Question. By Rev.
John A. Ryan, D.D., and Rev. R. A. Mc-
Gowan, National Catholic Welfare Coun-
cil Social Action Department. 47 pp. i6mo.
New York: The Paulist Press. (Paper).

Die hciligen Schriftcn des Neuen Bundes.
Aus dem Urtext itbersetzt, mit Erlauterun •
gen und einer Einfiihrung von Dr. Nivard
Schlogl, O. Cist. 428 pp. 8vo. Vienna : Burg-
verlag (Richter und Zollner) ; St. Louis:
B. Herder Book Co. $1.25 net.

Die Scclenleiden der Nervusen. Eine Studie
zur ethischen Beurteilung und zur Behand-
lung kranker Seelen von Dr. med:- Wilhelm
Bergmann. xv + 240 pp. 121110. B. Herder
Book Co., $1.50 net.

The Vitreous Body. Its Origin, Development,
and Structure, as Observed in the Eye of
the Pig. By Aloysius W. Fromm, O.F.M.
43 PP- 8vo. Washington, D.C. (No publish-
er given). Wrapper.

The New Church Law on Matrimony. By
the Rev. Joseph J. C. Petrovits. With an
Introduction by the Rt. Rev. Thos. J. Sha-
han. xvi + 458 pp. 8vo. Philadelphia : John
Joseph McVey. $4.50 net.

Missale Romanum. Ex Decreto SS. Concilii
Tridentini Restitutum, S. Pii V Pontincis
Maximi Iussu Editum, Aliorum Pontificum
Cura Recognitum, a Pio X Reformatum
et SSmi D. N. Benedicti XV Auctoritate
Vulgatum. Editio iuxta Typicam Vati-
canam. ("Ratisbon Edition" ). Fr. Pustet
Co., Inc., Ratisbon. New York, and Cin-
cinnati, O., 481110. $3.25 ; 181110, leather.
$3.25, sheepskin, $4.25.

The Pauline Formula "Induerc Christum"
with Special Reference to the Works of
St. John Chrysostom. By the Rev. Leo
Joseph Ohleyer, O. F. M. (Doctoral Dis-
sertation), in pp. 8vo. Washington, D. C. :
The Catholic University of America.

Jahrbuch der Dcutsch-Amerikanischcn Hi-
storischen Gescllschaft von Illinois. Her-
ausgegeben von Dr. Julius Goebel, Profes-
sor an der Staatsuniversitat von Illinois.
Jahrgang 1918— 19 (Vol. XVIII— XIX).
388 pp. 8vo. Chicago : The University of
Chicago Press.

Municipal Theatre

In the Heart of Forest Park

The Eight Weeks, Season of 1921
Opens Tuesday, June 7

June 14 — "Fra Diavolo"

June 21 — "The Fortune Teller"

Jane 28— "San Toy"

July 5 — "The Beggar Student"

July 12 — "Pirates of Penzance"

July 19 — "The Chimes of

Normandy"
July 2 J— "Sari"

All Star Cast
Chorus of 8i Orchestra of 50

Seats 25e 50c $1.00 $1.50
Box Seats $2.00

At COX WAYS. 1100 Olive Street

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

199

The New Canon Law

A COMMENTARY AND SUMMARY
BY

REV. STANISLAUS WOYWOD, O. F. M.

With a Preface by Very Rev. Msgr. Philip Bernardini, J. U. D.

Professor of Canou Law at the Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

Complete in one volume, lr.rge 8vo, 452 pages. Cloth, net, $4.50

Added weight and authority are given to the work by the commendatory preface written for

it by the Very Reverend Monsignor Philip Bernardini, f . U. D., Professor 0/

Canon Law at the Catholic University in Washington.

A very full Index of Subjects enhances the usefulness of the work,
facilitating ready reference to its contents on any particular subject.

DO YOU WISH
TO KNOW

The New Marriage Legislation?

The New Laws Concerning the Clergy?

The New Laws Concerning Religious?

The New Canons on the Sacraments?

And all other Church Laws of interest to you?

I They are all stated

>in full and concisely

explained in this hook

JOSEPH

F. WAGNER

Barclay Street

St. Louis: B

(Inc.), Publishers

NEW YORK

Herder Book Co.

Forty Years of Missionary Life

in Arkansas

By the Rev. John Eugene Weibel, V.F.

(Thirty-Third Installment)

Bishop Fitzgerald took a great interest in
the young community of Maria-Stein. He ad-
vised them to form a corporation and hold
their property as a legal body under protec-
tion of the State. The canonical standing of
the Sisters was rather uncertain. I was satis-
fied with the existing conditions, but the
Bishop did not agree with me. He spoke
about this repeatedly, and on June 23rd, he
wrote to me as follows (I quote from mem-
ory; the original must be in the archives in
Jonesboro) : "I do not agree with you con-
cerning the religious orders, especially those
of women, that they should depend upon the
Bishop. The Bishop of to-day may favor
the Benedictines, the Bishop of to-morrow
may not. What then shall the poor Bene-
dictines do if they are only diocesan foun-
dations? I prefer that thev should depend
on a central authority outside of the diocese.
Of course, if all bishops were as good as
1 am, it would be all right, but you see it
is not easy to find such a good man as I
am."

Although joking about himself, the Bishop
was in earnest about the Sisters. I had
modified their statutes somewhat, and sub-
mitted them to him. He told me to have them

revised in Rome and to try to procure a
canonical standing for the Sisters. Soon after
he sent me to Rome in the interest of the
community. The Abbot of New Subiaco
offered me a substitute for Jonesboro, in the
person of Father Ulrich, O.S.B. This amiable
Father had not been in Jonesboro long, when
he got sick and had to be sent to St. Joseph's
Hospital in Memphis. His life was despaired
of for some time, but he recovered sufficient-
ly to be able to return to his mother house
in Einsiedeln, Switzerland, where he died
soon after. Thus the care of Jonesboro and
Paragould, with their missions, devolved
upon Father McQuaid, who proved himself
a real missionary, capable of the hardest
kind of work day and night.

The fall of 1892 was a very sickly sea-
son. Father McQaid, as I have been told by
reliable witnesses, for two weeks had a
distant sick-call every night. Having lived for
years in the Arkansas country, he knew the
needs, ways, and manners of the people, and,
without compromising his priestly dignity,
he walked and talked with them as one of
their own. He enjoyed the confidence of
all and has proven himself for a quarter of
a century by his prudent zeal and his charity
a most successful laborer in the Lord's vine-
yard.

For the rest, as a rule, it is much easier
to get along with common folk than with
those who have been overeducated. I traveled
on hand-cars from station to station to hold

200

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

June 15

services in section houses or in boarding
cars, and in the sheds of the saw-mill hands.
The woods of Arkansas were then crowded
with saw-mills. I have the most pleasant
recollections of most of these places. The
people were full of respect and had common
sense. The priest invariably got the best
room. The first thing the lady of the house
would do after his arrival was to make him
comfortable and give him something to eat.
In the evening one room was placed at the
priest's service to hear confessions. If the
house had the things to fix up an altar, it
was invariably done, but more often a sew-
ing-machine had to be used for the purpose,
or the end of one of the long boarding-house
tables, on which the breakfast plates were
ready on the other end. There was so much
joy over the priest's presence and so much
earnest zeal that these visits were a delight
to the missionary. The greatest trials were
met with whenever Mass had to be said in
the fashionable house of a lady raised in one
of our grand academies. Very often these
ladies, unlike the girls of the parish school,
were married to some rich Protestant, and the
vanity show had to be kept up at anv once.
Thus, when the missionary came, it took hours
before the altar was arranged. Whether the
people and the priest were waiting did not
matter. The saddest part of it was that the
common people generally did not venture to
enter the rich parlor with its carpets and
paintings and therefore missed Mass. The
priest himself, in view of all the bric-a-brac
on the improvised altar, would hardly dare
to move for fear of breaking something. And
then the wait for the exquisite meal ' I had
repeatedly to wait on common weekdays un-
til one or two o'clock in the afternoon to get
something to eat. Nn matter how grand the
repast was. the good humor was lost bv the
lone- fast. Such ladies meant well, but in the
artificial atmosphere of the academies thev
had lost their common sense. For fear of
snoiline the priest's appetite thev would not
offer him a cud of coffee, but let him wait
until he would be entirely out of humor.

These academic flowers happily do not grow
in the parochial school gardens. Of course,
there are exceptions, but most missionaries
will be forced to acknowledge that this cross
exists. By the way, I think that, whenever the
attack on the Catholic schools comes, as it
surely will, our enemies could well afford
to overlook most of the fashionable acad-
emies, because these, unknowingly perhaps,
but very successfully, promote religious in-
difference. The Protestant boarders exert a
bad influence on their Catholic fellow-pupils.
No wonder that the Catholic alumnae so
often contract mixed marriages! Sisters
often have a very good eye to the temporal
prosperity of their house, but seem to be
very short-sighted, if not blind, to many
of the dangers that threaten their charges.
On one of my visits to the section house in
Kuobel, Mrs. Wm. Foley warned me if I
should have any money with me to be care-
ful as they had some New York flunkies in
the house who stole like rats. I had with me
$1200 to be deposited for Mr. Peters of
Pocahontas in a bank in Little Rock. In my
desire to be careful I put the money under
my pillow. At 5 o'clock A.M. I heard con-
fessions said Mass, took breakfast and was
brought with the handcar to the train. When
I was asked to show my pass, I realized that
T had left my pocketbook under my pillow.
There was at that time but one train a day
from St. Louis to Little Rock. I impatiently
waited for the train to bring me back to
Knobel. When T arrived there Mr. and Mrs.
Foley were at the garden gate. For a while
Mrs. Foley teased me, but Mr. Foley told her
to stop keeping me in suspense. She said she
would not allow any of her helpers to attend
to the priest's room and thus haonily she had
found mv pocketbook herself. Little I
dreamed then that at mv next visit in that
section bouse the good Mr. Folev would be
brought in as a corpse. He was shot by the
town marshal in Corning without anv pro-
' vocation. We buried him in the Catholic
cemetery of Pocahontas.

(End of Part One)

Quincy College and Seminary

^ St. Francis Solanus

Quincy, Illinois

CONDUCTED BY THE FRANCISCAN FATHERS

Sixty-second Year Opens September 8, 1921
Academic, Collegiate, Commercial, Philosophical, Musical Courses

Only Catholics .Admitted as Boarders
For Information and Year Book address THE REV. RECTOR

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 13

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

July 1, 1921

Prejudice and Politics

By P. H. Callahan, Chairman of the Commission on Religious Prejudice

We are now far enough away
from the late political campaign
to prevent any wrong construction
being put on a frank discussion of
the attempt made to inject relig-
ious prejudice into the contest.

From all accounts it was a
sorry attempt, shamefaced and
anonymous, which happily failed
to create any great stir. It appear-
ed in spots all over the country;
but nowhere, except in sections
where bigotry is systematically
cultivated between times, was it
taken seriously; and, generally, it
was as a thing outlawed. This is a
great improvement over condi-
tions as they have existed in prior
campaigns, when no pains were
taken to conceal responsibility for
stirring up prejudices; when
people grew wrought up and em-
bittered, and deep, gaping wounds
were opened that it took months
and even years to heal.

We of the older generation can
remember the time when in one
campaign men running on anti-
Catholic platforms were elected
governors in half a dozen States.
More than twenty congressmen
elected at the same time were out
and out anti's. Both of the great
political parties truckled to the
bigots; and everywhere over the
country communities were divided

* The Commission on Religious Prejudice
was started in 1914 under the Auspices of
the Knights of Columbus and terminated in
1917.

and embittered, and friends sus-
pected one another and neighbors
were afraid of one another.

Bigotry in those days was the
stock-in-trade of almost every pol-
itician, regardless of party or
religious belief. Political cam-
paigns were the rich harvest sea-
son for professional propagan-
dists, who usually managed to
bleed all the parties in the contest.
There is a delphic peculiarity
about religious prejudice propa-
ganda that adapts it to use on all
sides. It was common in the old
days to see the same stuff used
by opposing parties in different
communities. Even in the same
community it was employed by
both sides, one for the flare-up, the
other for the flare-back. The pro-
paganda makers calculated on
both. It was all of a piece to them
which side grew excited first, as
they could trust the managers on
the other side to answer in kind.
And it was all the same to the
managers what deep passions they
set aflame, so long as they rallied
support to their party or candi-
date.

The propaganda anonymously
circulated during the late cam-
paign was typically delphic in
character. It was adapted to use
by Republican politicians to incite
susceptible Protestants to vote
Republican, and it was adapted to
use by Democratic politicians to
induce susceptible Catholics to

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Julyl

vote Democratic. There was no
way of telling who prepared it, and
the" only means of judging as to
who was circulating it, was by ob-
serving the class of persons re-
ceiving it and the effect it was cal-
culated to have on them.

If they were of that class of
Protestants who pay any attention
to such things, they were likely to
vote Republican, and it is safe to
say Democratic politicians were
not responsible for circulating it
to them. On the other hand, if it
was being sent to Catholics, the
idea was that those who would
consider it at all, would likely vote
Democratic, — which makes it safe
to say that the Republican poli-
ticians were not circulating it to
them.

As a matter of fact, it is virtu-
ally a waste of time to try to fix
the blame on the politicians of
either party, as it is not the blame
they care about, but the votes.
What is more worth while is for
us to try to find some way of con-
vincing the people generally of the
fact that all such propaganda,
whether circulated among Catho-
lics or among Protestants, by Re-
publicans or Democrats, and
whether anonymous or not, is just
so much professional trickery that
makes political dupes of all who
take it seriously.

The situation in Michigan was,
of course, different with very little
politics and mostly all bigotry at
the root, and the way Catholics
and non-Catholics stood together
to lay the ax to the root is an ex-
ample of what we can expect al-
most everywhere in this country,
when the bigots are in earnest, in-
stead of merely playing into the
hands of politicians.

But take the case in New York,

where Governor Smith lost votes
because he is a Catholic, and re-
ceived other votes for the same
reason, while his opponent like-
wise lost and gained votes because
his wife and children are Catholic.
We see here a typical play of big-
otry by the politicians, with the
cards all known and most of them
marked before the game opened
with the nomination of candidates.
If Protestants were urged by Re-
publicans to vote against Smith,
Catholics were urged by Demo-
crats to vote for him, with the
same argument in both cases. And
while Protestants were being
urged by one set of Republicans
to vote against Smith, because he
was a Catholic, Catholics were be-
ing urged by another set of Re-
publicans to vote for his opponent
because his wife and children were
Catholic, and this same cut-and-
shuffle was being played by Demo-
crats. It is a great game.

When we were conducting the
work of the Commission on Re-
ligious Prejudice some years ago,
and particularly around election
time in 1916, a number of com-
plaints were made to us about big-
otry' being injected into the cam-
paign and of candidates for this
or that office being defeated on ac-
count of their religion, but we in-
variably found that religious pre-
judice had been injected into the
contest by some politician, not in-
frequently by the candidate him-
self, whose tactics usually proved
a boomerang. The professional
bigot 's part was merely to furnish
the propaganda for which he was
paid, and that was the extent of his
interest in the matter.

In those sections of the country
where Catholics are few in number
and the observance of Catholic ac-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

203

tivity and practices is not common,
the case is different. Religious pre-
judice in such sections is, as a rule,
one-sided. It is systematically and
continually cultivated, not only at
election time, but between times.
The professional propagandist,
whether a writer or an itinerant
lecturer, goes over these fields as
regularly as a travelling salesman
drumming up trade. He has a cli-
entele and constituency that he
knows almost as well as a politi-
cian knows the ''fences" in his
district. Election times are his
flush season, furnishing him an op-
portunity to dispose of a greater
quantity of his "wares" than at
other times, but they are not neces-
sary to his business, which goes on
independently of election. »

Taking the country at large,
there is every reason to say that
the last thing to enter the minds
of the politician who stirs up re-
ligious excitement on one side or
another, is to injure religion. A
politician, as a rule, has no other
business but politics.

Most persons, of whatever party
or religion, who allow themselves
to get excited over the injection of
religious prejudice into a political
campaign, are merely pliant tools
in the hands of the unscrupulous
propagandist or the political
trickster. Ignorance on the one
hand and lack of sufficient ex-
perience to give poise of thought
and that insight which sees
through underlying motives and
aims, on the other hand, combine
to produce a rich supply of vic-
tims. These good people enter into
the contest and sometimes take it
very seriously, some feeling that
the country is in danger from the
activities of the Catholics, others
feeling that the Catholic religion
is attacked and put on the defen-

sive on account of the attitude of
some seeker for office; while the
professionals laugh up their sleeve
at both sides.

It will be a long time, if ever,
when religious prejudice ceases to
exist. The Religious Prejudice
Commission in one of its Reports
made this observation: "While we
feel that the individual personal
sentiment of prejudice can never
be eradicated as long as human
nature harbors likes and dislikes,
we firmly believe that social pre-
judice will yield to a systematic
and persevering treatment aim-
ing to correct the misinformation,
cause and influence that abound,
in regard to those things which
divide people into groups and
classes, separating them wider and
wider with each generation, until
some great common danger or
great common sorrow brings them
back to a realization of their com-
mon brotherhood."

It seems just as true to say that
the prejudices which are injected
into our politics will also yield to
a systematic and persevering
treatment.

The main thing, however, is for
the people of all denominations
to learn, and there are no signs
wanting £o indicate that they ate
learning, that to inject religious
prejudices into a political cam-
paign is simply a political tactic,
and in no real sense an attack
upon religion, and that to notice
it, whether to oppose or denource
it, while the campaign is in prog-
ress, is only to play into the
hands of the politicians. Then we
may soon see the last of this in-
decent spectacle paraded in our
national political campaigns and
the recrudescence of bigotry at
election time will at most be con-
fined to a few backwoods sections
of the country.

204

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July

A Clarion Call to Duty

The Living Age (No. 4009) re-
prints from the Manchester Guar-
dian a letter which, because of the
signers, is well worth perusal:

''Sir: — No lover of mankind or
of progress, no student of religion,
of morals, or of economics, can re-
gard the present trend of affairs
without feelings of great anxiety.
Civilization itself seems to be on
the wane, and everything that
makes life really worth the living
in process of extinction. The na-
tions are filled with mistrust and
antipathy for each other, the class-
es have rarely been so antagon-
istic, while the relation of indi-
vidual to individual has seldom
been so frankly selfish. The vast
destruction of life by war and the
acute suffering which the war
created seem to have largely de-
stroyed human sympathy. Hence
the unprecedented misery into
which the war has plunged so
many nations often fails to excite
those feelings of humanity, which,
prior to the war, thrilled the peo-
ple of every country when the
world was visited by misfortunes
quite insignificant in comparison
with the present disaster.

i ' Never was greater need of all
those qualities which make the
race human, and never did they
appear to be less manifest. For
the conditions now existing the
statesmen blame the private citi-
zens, while the latter blame their
statesmen; the employer seeks to
throw responsibility upon the
worker, the latter denounces the
selfishness of his employer, and
nations accuse each other. Already
the consequences of the breakdown
of international, national, and pri-
vate morality are becoming every-

where apparent. The growing ub;
employment at a time when thi
need of production was never fifJ
urgent is but an outward manifes
tation of moral and spiritual fail;
ure.

"It is becoming increasingly
evident that the world has taker,
a wrong turn, which, if persistecj
in, may lead to the destruction o.j
civilization. Right-thinking meii
and women of all classes are fillec|
with anxiety, not only because oi{
existing conditions, but on accounll
of the still more distressing situa-|
tion likely to develop in the earljji
future — a situation which they feel;
powerless to prevent. In these-:
circumstances we appeal to thej
right thinking of all nations and of I
all classes, whether they be states- 1
men or humble citizens, employers
or workmen, and invite their co-
operation in the work of applying!
the true remedies, for it is only by
maintaining the highest possible!
standard of right between nations,
between classes, and between indi-
viduals that the present situation
can be adjusted and the dangers
overcome. So long as each nation,
through its statesmen, considers
exclusively its own interest, and
refuses to consider the common
welfare of all nations, the dangers
cannot be overcome. Nor can they
be overcome while everyone is
seeking to benefit himself at the
expense of the community and re-
fusing to perform the best service
he is capable of performing.

"Many, no doubt, are conscious
of the truth and the air is full of
recriminations; but a renewed
sense of the right is needed, as
well as a renewed determination
both to do what is right and to

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

maintain what is right, interna-
tionally as well as nationally and
individually. When statesmen and
citizens, employers and employed
acknowledge joint responsibility
and decide to stand for the right
even when it is apparently against
their interests as well as when it
favors them, only then can the
spiritual and moral health of the
nations be renewed, progress be
resumed, and the general economic
wellbeing be once more re-estab-
lished. — Yours, etc."

Follow the signatures of E. W.
Barnes (Canon of Westminster),
Francis Balfour, Hugh Bell, Lord
Buckmaster, Edward Carpenter,
John Clifford, D.D., Kate Court-
ney of Penwith, W. Moore Ede
(Dean of AVorcester), Alfred E.
Garvie, D.D., (Principal of New
College, Hempstead), L. P. Jacks,
(Principal of Manchester College,
Oxford), Walter Lock, D.D.,
(Lady Margaret Professor of Di-
vinity), the Bishop of Manchester,
the Bishop of Oxford, George
Paish, Lord Parmoor, the Bishop
of Peterborough, and W. B. Selbie,
D.D., Principal of Mansfield Col-
lege.)

This is indeed a memorable let-
ter. We have seen fit to quote it
in full and add all the signers'
names. It is nothing if not signifi-
cant and, in a limited sense, repre-
sents the opinion of intellectual
England. The ideas expressed in
the communication can stand by
themselves, though the names at-
tached thereto and the circum-
stances of the writing make for
additional effectiveness.

Our particular interest in the
letter lies in the relationship be-
tween the ideas expressed therein
and the Catholic position at the
present moment.

Let us first recall that one of
the chief concerns of the corre-
spondents is the maintenance of
the "highest possible standard of
right between nations, between
classes, and between individuals
that the present situation can be
adjusted and the dangers overr
come." Now, in what sense are
Catholics interested in just this
very problem! Are we, as a body,
vitally concerned with these ques-
tions, or does our religion mean
nothing to us beyond the limited
sphere of our own lives! If non-
Catholics are seriously asking
themselves these questions, whith-
er should Catholic opinion and ac-
tion have already gone! In short,
are we as a body making the prin-
ciples of our Catholic faith felt
in the present crisis and can we
truthfully say that the Catholic
Church is a vital factor — it should
indeed be the sole determining in-
fluence — in this era, which is cer-
tainly one of the most important
turning points in history! Ameri-
can Catholics have cause to be
alarmed. Perhaps never before
have twenty million people, with a
definite faith and a definite world-
economy, presented so disordered
a front to an approaching cata-
clysm. H. A. F.
~~$>~

— The new Archbishop of Birming-
ham, Msgr. Mclntyre, in a letter to the
Universe, of London, applies to that
excellent Catholic journal, of which he
has been a reader for many years, a
famous saying of Cardinal Newman.
"Speaking for myself," he says, "I ap-
ply to the Universe a sentence of Car-
dinal Newman's : 'A [newspaper]
which can please in youth and age
seems to fulfil (in logical language) the
accidental definition of a classic.' "
This is high praise, indeed, coming from
a critic of Dr. Mclntyre's taste and
erudition.

206

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 1

A Serious Defect in Our Higher Teaching

Father Hull, in his "Practical
Philosophy- of Life," puts into the
mouth of "Mr. Watson," a fic-
titious theological student, words
which must recall the college days
of many a student of the sacred
sciences. Watson was suspected of
liberal theology. "The points of
the indictment were reducible to
two: (1) He was a "dark horse"
to his superiors; and (2) he was
suspected of liberal tendencies in
theology and philosophy. As to the
dark horse accusation, that was
soon disposed of. In matter of
fact, he was the most transparent
of characters, and was always dy-
ing to confide everything to every
body. But he had a reverential f ear
of persons in authority, resulting
from the fact that in childhood,
whenever he was naughty, his
parents always threatened to call
in a policeman — so that he always
felt shy in the presence of official
persons, and his lips were para-
lysed whenever he wanted to tell
them anything.

But like others similarly com-
posed, Watson overcame this diffi-
culty by sheer use of will power.

The suspicion of Liberalism,
however, was another matter.
Watson "was noted for the radical
way in which he attacked the
theses and the tenacity with which
he persevered in the attack. Most
students regarded objections to
theses assort of academic exercises
or at most a dodge for clearing
up their meaning. But Watson was
of different calibre. With almost
fierce earnestness he seemed bent
on destroying the thesis; and it
looked as if he did not believe a
word of it. What was worse, he
used to encroach on preserves

which his more reverential fellow- j
students regarded as sacred. He J
would search for fallacies in the {
argument for the existence of Godj
with all the keenness and pertinaci-'
ty of an atheist. He would try to
undermine the very foundations of;
the Bible and the Church. Those j
companions who came in for his I
attacks got frightened, and ran to
the superiors to report. When such
denunciations came in from all
sides, and on a number of vital
questions, no wonder if alarm was
felt."

But Watson explained himself
to those who cared to know his
reasons in the following way : " It
is claimed (he said) that our theol-
ogy and philosophy embody the
truth, not only on the basis of
faith, but on the basis of reason
and evidence. Now, when it is a
question of accepting the doctrines
of religion by faith, I have no diffi-
culty in doing so with the greatest
simplicity of mind. But when I
find professors promulgating thes-
es, and claiming that they are
proved to the hilt by irrefragable
facts and logic, I say to myself,
'Hoc est aliud rem'. Every thesis
becomes a challenge to the world;
and I say to myself : ' If you appeal
to fact and reasoning, to fact and
reasoning you shall go.' I don't
want to stuff myself up with text-
book matter swallowed implicitly.
I cannot stand before the world
and claim that my thesis is irre-
fragably proved until I am per-
sonally convinced that it is. I say
to* myself: 'If your proofs are
valid, they ought to be invulner-
able; they ought to be like bullet-
proof jackets. As soon as an in-
ventor produces a thing which he

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

207

calls a bullet-proof jacket, our
business is to hang up that jacket
and pelter it with dum-dums for
all we are worth. If the inventor
gets nervous and asks us to be
merciful, our obvious inference is
that he has little confidence in his
own invention. So we say there
must be no shirking. Let us try
our very worst against it. If we
manage to get a bullet through, we
shall deliver the world from a
piece of humbug. If it stands the
test, we are only contributing to
the inventor's triumph."

It is hardly a wild guess that
Father Hull is here, as in many
another place, to a great extent
autobiographical. Besides serving
the purpose for which it was in-
tended, the above quoted page
from his latest book also lays bare
a decidedly weak spot in the teach-
ing methods employed in the phi-
losophical and theological courses
of our Catholic universities and
seminaries. The essence of the
Scholastic method, qua method,

consists in refuting objections
based on the finely divided dis-
tinctions brought against a thesis.
The value of such philosophizing
lies in the originality and sincerity
of the objections and the honest
attempt to uncover any weakness
in the attacked thesis. As currently
practiced in the so-called circles
the better philosopher is he who
is able to do the best research
work in ferretting out objections
from the works of the standard
authors. In the face of honest ob-
jections based on the latest scien-
tific researches, many an ancient
thesis cannot stand. The masters
of Scholastic philosophy them-
selves, were they still alive, would
change these theses in the presence
of the newer scientific data.

Unfortunately, for the most part,
we seem more concerned with the
preservation of a system than with
the extension, clarification, and
promulgation of the truth. Father
Hull has done well in calling at^
tention to this defect.

A Disappointing Book

Father Joseph Husslein, S. J.,
associate editor of the N. Y. Am-
erica, in the dedication of his
latest book, ' ' Evolution and Social
Progress," remarks that " [Evolu-
tion] is at the basis not merely of
our science and popular literature,
but also of our commercial trans-
actions and our labor troubles, of
our public morality and the wel-
fare or ruin of nations. All this
is made abundantly clear to the
reader in the present volume."
The reverend author dedicates his
book to the "classes and the
masses."

Here, then, is a foreword filled
with much promise. A volume deal-

ing with the evolutionary theories
as they affect social progress, and
brought within the range of "the
classes and the masses," is cer-
tainly a prodigious undertaking.
Yet Father Husslein took upon
himself similar tasks in two previ-
ous books, "The World Problem"
and "Democratic Industry." The
former was published immediately
after the World War, at a time
when, as now, people were strain-
ing their vision to discern the out-
lines of a new economic order. The
term "World Problem" was most
apropos. The disappointment was
all the greater when the book was
found to be merely a readable ac-

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Julyl

count of the hoary old problems
that had perplexed the western
world long before the war. The sec-
ond disappointment was even more
severe when, in "Democratic In-
dustry, ' ' the author gave his read-
ers a loosely connected series of
amateurish essays on the develop-
ment of the guild idea and its ap-
plication in the Middle Ages. The
third disappointment is no less
keen when we find ourselves pre-
sented with twenty four loosely-
knit chapters on evolutionary
theories.

Father Husslein gives us a
sketchy resume of these theories
and states the Catholic attitude in
their regard. We can feel the hand
of a well-read and an orthodox
guide as we are led hither and
thither through these mazes of er-
ror. And yet we are keenly disap-
pointed. At no time does the author
fulfill the promise held out in the
title and the foreword. The great
problem of the evolution of society
is left absolutely untouched. In
what sense, for example, can we
speak of the "development of
Capitalism"? A recent writer be-
lieves that Capitalism has but just
begun, for all of Asia has as yet
not known this form of industrial,
society. In what sense, for that
matter, can we speak of the "de-
velopment," "unfolding," or
' ' evolution ' ' of society in any of its
forms, composed of beings en-
dowed with a free and imperious
will which may and can and has
often asserted itself collectively,
under the proper direction, so as
to interrupt, at a certain stage, an
apparently obvious and uniform
social development? These are
highly important considerations,
to be dealt with almost entirely in
the light of the modern historico-

critical method. Father Husslein,
despite his promise, has not done
this.

The disappointment is accen-
tuated by the fact that English-
speaking Catholics have no ade-
quate appraisal of history, where-
as our German brethren in the
faith have lately had added to a
splendid array of such studies, a
booklet by Dr. Wilhelm Koppers,
S.V.D., "Die Anfange des mensch-
lichen Gemeinschaftslebens im
Spiegel der neueren Volkerkun-
de," which is excellent and truly
scientific.

Fr. Husslein 's volume is not the
work of a scientist at all, but that
of an editor and a compiler. The
writer has gathered much good
material and passed upon its worth
with the aid of a solid training in
philosophy and theology. But he is
not in any sense an expert. There
is little that is fresh and new in
the make-up of his book and noth-
ing whatever to show up the influ-
ence evolution has exercised upon
the social sciences. An author who
writes of an automobile, for ex-
ample, as fitted up with a motor
that "has the power to convert the
gasoline^ with which it is daily fed,
into glass for the lamp, oil for the
wick," etc., can hardly escape the
criticism of being bookish and un-
observant. Perhaps he is rather the
victim of inexact titles, ambitious
dedicatory promises, and extrava-
gant press agenting. Strangely
enough, he has been victimized
three times in succession.

— Which of pur American poets
would you expect to appeal most to
the Japanese? According to Prof. No-
guchi, of the University of Tokio, Walt
Whitman and Amy Lowell are the two
most widely' read in Japan.

1921

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

209

The Next Step on the Road to Social Reform

Every now and then some one
with a flair for the practical de-
mands of us a social programme
which will bring the new era near-
er. There is considerable show of
logic in such requests in view of
the constant insistence that Capi-
talism must give way to a new
order that will afford ample op-
portunity for the expression of
man's whole nature.

But we do not propose just yet
to lay down what we consider to
be the right course of action for
the realization of the above objec-
tive.

In the first place, that is not the
work of a journal which is at-
tempting primarily to educate by
means of making its clients more
critical, more judicial, and more
exacting in their intellectual de-
mands. Moreover, to outline a pro
gramme would, at present, be an
utterly useless task, comparable to
informing a man of a route, the
beginning and termination of
which he knew not. What does it
avail the world to know the means
by whichit may go from Capitalism
to Solidarism (or by whatever
name we wish to call the new or-
der) when men for the most part
do not yet realize that Capitalism
is the cause of so much of their
misery and naturally know next
to nothing of Solidarism and the
Catholic ideals of social justice
and statecraft?

There is, however, a very practi-
cal suggestion which may be made
— not so much as part of a pro-
gramme, but as indicating the next
and most feasible step in the eco-
nomic solution of the difficulties
that confront us. The education of
the people, especially the laboring

element, is, in our opinion, the
very next and, in fact, the most
necessary step. The N. Y. Free-
man (No. 57), in speaking of this
matter, remarks that "Labor is far
from such knowledge. What, then,
is the point of asking for a detail-
ed programme of action that must
be based upon the knowledge which
Labor as yet has not? The only
suggestion that is of any practical
value to Labor at present is that of
Solomon, 'Get wisdom, and with
all thy getting get understand-
ing \"

This is precisely the point of the
suggestion made above and the
point, by the way, of much that
we publish on the social question.
In view of the dismal failure
of the various "programmes"
that have come from Catho-
lic reformers, it would not
seem to be foolhardy or rash to
translate this little suggestion into
practice by the institution of or-
ganizations of workingmen in the
city parishes and of similar or-
ganizations of farmers in the agri-
cultural districts. Surely, the re-
sults can be no worse than they
have been after several decades of
reform by legislation, and we
make bold to say that, if the possi-
bilities of education are examined
into carefully by our "liberal"
friends, they will come to see that
much of our salvation rests right
there.

~Kj^~

— Apropos of the note (F. R., No. 10,
p. 160) regarding the first church in
America dedicated to St. Joan of Arc,
Father Fridolin Tembreull, O.S.B., of
Watson, Sask., informs us that a chapel
in honor of the Maid of Orleans was
erected in Canada about the year 1910
by the Rev. E. V. Reynolds. He does
not say where.

210

THE FOKTNTGHTLY REVIEW

Julyl

The Commercial Recovery of Central
Europe

Despite the many handicaps
under which the people of Central
Europe are laboring, it at least
will have to be frankly acknowl-
edged that commercially, so far as
her relations with the U. S. are
concerned, Germany is making a
magnificent showing. American
sales to Germany for the fiscal
year ending this month are the
largest for any year in the entire
history of American trade rela_-
tions with Germany. Before the
World War, Germany was buying
about $300,000,000 of American-
made goods every year. The high
water mark was reached in 1913,
when German purchases in this
country reached $352,000,000. This
year our German exports will ex-
ceed $400,000,000. This is a larger
volume of export business than we
are doing with any other country
in the world, with the possible ex-
ception of France and England.
For the last few weeks, the aver-
age has been considerably in ex-
cess of one million dollars a day.

But what about German exports
to the U. S.I you will ask. These
figures, of course, are hardly so
favorable, but they are far from
being discouraging. The year im-
mediately preceding the war, Ger-
many shipped $185,000,000 worth
of goods to this country. This
year, the total will be more than
$100,000,000. The rapid growth of
German exports to the U. S. is
shown by the fact, that for last
February the total was $4,952,000,
in comparison with $7,368,000 for
March. Everyone must acknowl-
edge that Germany has made a
remarkably quick recovery in her
commercial relations with the U.S.

Germany is making a like pro-

gress in rehabilitating her mer-
chant marine. The past month saw
several new ships make their
maiden trip to South America. At
Hamburg the tonnage is already
about two-thirds of the tonnage
for 1913. This does not look like
a decrepit attempt to take a share
of the world 's carrying trade. And
despite all handicaps, the Germans
continue to astound the world with
their ingenuity. During the war
they overcame the shortage of fuel
by using a fuel composed of one-
third coal oil and two-thirds coal,
but how they managed to utilize it,
no one knows.

In five years, it is predicted,
Germany will have a new mer-
chant marine of economical, cargo-
carrying fleets, while other nations
will be loaded down with expensive
ocean-going junk. Their one handi-
cap is a shortage of lubricating
oil and that they are about to over-
come by means of a synthetic oil
lately discovered. But Germany is
not out of the race by a great deal.
Despite the injustice of the Treaty
of Versailles, her people have tak-
en heart and will give an example
to the rest of the world of how a
nation can "come back" with the
greatest possible odds against it.
(Rev.) F. J. Kelly
Detroit, Mich.

—<*>—.

— In the Journal of Roman Studies
(Vol. IX, Part I) Mr. Gilbert Bagnani
publishes an account of the subterranean
basilica discovered by accident on April
21. 1917, at Porta Maggiore on the
Rome-Naples railway. It is, he says,
''one of the most important discoveries
ever made in Rome." He describes the
basilica and indicates its place in the
archaeology of the subject. The stucco
decoration of the interior is the "great-
est attraction of this extraordinary
building."

1921

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

211

The Catholic Press
The Catholic Historical Review,
of Washington, D. C, in No. 1 of
its new series, prints a list of
Catholic publications in the U. S.
This list contains a number of er-
rors. Our only Catholic daily
newspaper in English is not
named The Daily American, but
Daily American Tribune, and our
only German Catholic daily is call-
ed, not Die Amerika, but simply,
Amerika. The Herold des Glau-
bens has been incorporated with
the semi-weekly edition of the last-
mentioned journal, which is now
known as Amerika und Herold des
Glaubens. My Message, the official
organ of the Bishop of St. Cloud,
died of inanition long ago. The
Nord-Dakota Herold, of Dickin-
son, is not regarded as a Catholic
publication. We doubt whether
The Common Cause, of New York,
is still alive and, if it is, whether
it can be classed as Catholic.

A list of this kind, to be worth
anything, should be (1) complete,
(2) accurate, and (3) state the fre-
quency with which each paper or

review is issued.

# * #

The editor of the Catholic His-
torical Review (N. S., Vol. I, No.
1, p. 82) says that, though he is
"not disposed to be optimistic,"
he believes that "tine Golden Age
of the Catholic Press [in America]
has begun" with the publication
of the pastoral letter of the Am-
erican hierarchy, Jan., 1920, and
the initiation of the Press Depart-
ment of the National Catholic
Welfare Council.

W T e of the F. R., though not dis-
posed to be pessimistic, believe
that the golden age of the Catholic
press in America lies in the past
and that the centralizing move-

ment undertaken by the N.C.W.C.
marks a distinct decline.

The C. H. R. says we Catholic
editors must "eliminate the per-
sonal equation," and at least in-
timates that we must eschew dis-
cussion and echo the views of the
hierarchy on every subject and on
all occasions. That would, in our
opinion, be suicide. The article on
"The Need of a Free Catholic
Press" in No. 10 of the F. R.
points out a better way. If the
bishops do not grant liberty to our
press in all matters of free discus-
sion and if we editors do not make
our papers interesting by develop-
ing- ' ' the personal equation, ' ' i. e.,
individuality, it will only be a mat-
ter of time until we shall have no
more Catholic press worthy of the
name, and that would mean com-
plete intellectual stagnation.

St. John of Beverly and the Deaf
We see from the Literary
Supplement of the London Times
(No. 1,008) that there was lately
celebrated at Beverley Minster,
near Hull, England, the 1,200th
anniversary of the death of St.
John of Beverley (May 7, 721),
fifth Bishop of York and ordainer
of the Venerable Bede. A pupil
first of St. Hilda at Whitby, and
then of St. Theodore of Tarsus at
the Cathedral School, Canterbury,
St. John of Beverley probably
took part in the inauguration of
the educational system of which
St. Theodore of Canterbury was
founder. On account of his having
taught a dumb boy to speak at
Hexham in Lent, 685 (see Bede's
"History," V, 11), he is regarded
especially as the patron saint and
also the first English teacher of
the deaf.

212

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 1

Since 1896 there exists in Eng-
land a Guild of St. John of Bever-
ley for the assistance of the deaf.
From the Times' description we
judge that the organiaztion con-
sists exclusively of members of the
Anglican Church, though it ex-
tends help to deaf persons of every
creed. Its address is 75, Victoria
Road, London, W. 8, England.

Our "School-Marm" Civilization

An Englishman, who lately visit-
ed this country, writing in the
National Review (Apr. 1921), thus
describes our metropolitan press :

"The first paper which I opened
was one of the many illustrated
sections of the Herald and Ex-
aminer. On the outside page
was a picture purporting to
illustrate an article by Elinor
Glyn, entitled 'My Secrets of
Love.' Then there was an ar-
ticle on 'pre-natal influences'
under the heading ' Can a Baby be
"Marked" by its Mother's
Fright?' followed by a two-page
discussion of the burning question
'How Amanda C. Thomas, chorus
girl, twice married and twice di-
vorced, won the affections of the
old millionaire, President Shouts. '
Then came a ' real life domestic tri-
angle tragedy,' suitably illustrat-
ed, headed 'Did Grace La Rue
"Vamp" Mrs. Hale Hamilton's
Husband V And on the back page
was a soap advertisement, with a
large colored picture entitled 'The
Skin you Love to Touch, ' and tell-
ing people how to grow it.

"Then came the editorial sec-
tion, dealing with 'Society, Fash-
ions, Books, and Art.' On its first
page was an article entitled 'Rus-
kin, Love and Women,' with a pic-
ture 'by the brilliant artist, Nell
Brinkley, illustrating one kind of

American boy-and-girl affection.
It is the best kind, probably, the
young man considering himself
utterly unworthy of the Being of
Light and Beauty so far above
him.' The lady in the picture was
arrayed in what looked like a tight-
fitting ball-gown, neat white-satin
shoes, a large halo, two full-sized
wings and a seraphic expression.
She stood on a pedestal, before
which the young man worshipped
with bowed head.

"I waded through several of
these Sunday papers, all of which
seemed to exhale the same un-
wholesome atmosphere. But in the
end I chanced upon a pictorial ad-
vertisement which seemed to me
extraordinarily significant for the
sociologist. It represented a con-
jugal fireside tete-a-tete, Monsieur
smoking and Madame at her
needlework. The young husband is
just stretching out his hand to the
cigar-box by his side, when his
wife stops him saying, 'Not to-
night, dear. Take XYZ's chewing
gum. It purifies the evening kiss.' "

In "God's own country" the
primary schools have for many
years been entirely in the hands of
women teachers, and in the high
schools they constitute an over-
whelming majority. The male
youth of the U. S. are being led
from childhood to the very portals
of manhood, by women, and most
of these unmarried.

— The National Federation of Wom-
en's Clubs seems to have nothing else
to do in these troublous times than to
agitate for funds for the purpose of
helping to rebuild the birthplace of
Theodore Roosevelt ! No other country
has as many memorials with so little
to memorialize as America, and the
good ladies are evidently determined
to keep up our reputation in this re-
gard .

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

213

The Clergy and Worldly Affairs

Every now and then it is object-
ed, in answer to the question why
the clergy are not active against
the evils of Capitalism, that "the
priest can do little or nothing in
such matters. His is a spiritual
world, whereas these things touch
the mundane and economic."

To give the lie to such state-
ments, we notice that occasional-
ly — and indeed frequently if
the occasion demands, — Catholic
priests can bestir themselves to
great and pious activity. There is
the Irish question, for example.
Its solution is a matter of justice,
we are told. It is interesting to
note how many of the clergy, as
nationality or sentiment moved
them, have become leaders in this
movement for the establishment of
justicial world relations in Ire-
land's regard. The extremely
dangerous political aspect of this
matter has not deterred them, in-
deed they would be willing to see
America go to war, if necessary,
in order that Justice have her
rightful sway in Ireland.

We have no quarrel with such
activity. It is extremely illuminat-
ing in the teeth of the contention,
so often heard, that worldly af-
fairs are beyond the province of
the clergy. Capitalism is indus-
trial and economic injustice. In
its derivative phases it directly in-
fluences morals, as witness "birth-
control." Until the great body of
the clergy in the United States
recognize this serious matter and
better themselves accordingly, the
Catholic Church will not only not
conquer the world, but, it is to be
feared, will remain without vital
influence even anions: her children.

Masonic Fables

Intelligent Masons are becoming
ashamed of the assertion, found in
so many of their standard books,
that Freemasonry is of ancient
origin, and of the tales that are
told to make the craft appear more
important than it is. In the "Pro-
ceedings of the Grand Lodge of
Nevada for 1920, p. 66, is quoted
the following sober statement by
Grand Master Lindsay, of the
Grand Lodge of North Carolina
(we are indebted for the quotation
to the Christian Cynosure, Chica-
go, Vol. LIV, No. 2, p. 50 sq.) :

' ' If there were just some way to
weed out all the fool fables which
often render ridiculous the noble
Order of Masonry, it would be bet-
ter for the standing of the fra-
ternity. No fault should be found
with the allegorical teaching in-
cluded, but when orators of sup-
posed intelligence gravely tell the
gullible multitude at Masonic pic-
nics and on other public occasions
that Masonic lodges were in opera-
tion before the Deluge, that our
present Ritual has been handed
down from the days of King Solo-
mon, that there has never been a
president of the United States who
was not a Mason, that all signers
of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence were Masons, except Bene-
dict Arnold, who, by the way, was
a Mason, it is enough to make an
Egyptian mummy laugh. The
writer once heard a much-traveled
visiting Brother seriously declare
in a lodge at Raleigh that he had
visited lodges in India which had
records running back six thousand
years. Ananias and Baron Munch-
hausen were paragons of veracity
as compared with that Brother."
Observer.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 1

Closed or Open Shop?

Air. Gompers has announced
that a great and general effort will
be made by the A. F. L. in behalf
of the closed shop.

The closed shop is insisted upon
by the labor unions as a means of
protection for the workingmen,
while the open shop, employing
union and non-union labor indis-
criminately, is desired by employ-
ers to protect themselves and the
public against unreasonable de-
mands on the part of the unions.

It cannot be denied that labor
as well as capital has the right to
organize, to protect its own inter-
est, and therefore no fault is to be
found with labor leaders in their
efforts to unionize all the work-
ers.

But we must distinguish be-
tween the means which are used
to bring about the consolidation of
labor. If labor leaders or union
workers can persuade non-union
men to affiliate themselves with an
organization in order to obtain
better working and living condi-
tions, they are merely exercising a
right which is founded upon the
principle of self-preservation. If,
however, threats of violence are
used to force any man into a union,
or to place a non-union man before
the alternative either to join the
union or to starve, this is evidently
wrong. And as long as not all the
workers can be induced to unionize
by peaceful and lawful arguments,
the policy of a strictly closed shop
by compulsion seems to me to be
unfair. If any one man, dissatis-
fied with wages or working condi-
tions, quits, it ought to be another
man's right to work, and whoever
interferes with the exercise of this
right, commits an act of injustice.

After I had spoken before a la-

bor union on the sins both of capi-
tal and of organized labor one day,
one of the men remarked: "You
are right, Father; but the capi-
talists have committed what you
Catholics call mortal sins, while
the labor unions committed the
little fellows (venial sins)."

I am not so sure of that. The
indictment and trial of "sluggers"
in Chicago at the present time
plainly shows that some unions at
least try to tyrannize both employ-
ers and the public. And if pub-
lic sentiment is changing in favor
of the open shop, and many manu-
facturers refuse to recognize the
unions, we believe that union poli-
cy and union leadership are large-
ly responsible. Fr. A. B.

Correspondence
The K. of C. and the Goat

To the Editor: —

On Sunday, May 29th, the Feast
(transferred) of Corpus Christi, we of
New Orleans witnessed a peculiar cere-
mony. The Knights of Columbus Coun-
cil No. 714 had an initiation — an all-day
affair — that began with mass at St.
Michael's Church. The Knights, march-
ing to the church with a brass band,
had a live billy goat at the head of their
parade, both to and from the church.
While this is not the first time — we had
been told about it — we could never be-
lieve that Catholics and intelligent men
would have a billy goat as their leader,
until we saw it with our own eves on
Sunday, May 29th, 1921.

What does it mean, any way? Of what
is the billy goat a symbol ? Why did the
K. of C. select the feast of Corpus
Christi. when in all of our churches the
usual procession takes place : in some of
them, as is the custom here, even
outside the church? As the initiation
lasted all day, the Knights who followed
the billy goat could not and did not at-
tend the Corpus Christi procession on
that day. O tempora, o mores!

Sacerdos

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

215

[We cannot say why Knights of Co-
lumbus, in New Orleans or anywhere
else, should parade a goat at the head
of their procession. As for the sym-
bolism of the goat, Albert G. Mackey
says in his "Encyclopedia of Freema-
sonry," new and revised edition, Phila-
delphia, 1906, p. 15: "The old Greeks
and Romans portrayed their mystical
god Pan in horns and hoofs and shaggy
hide and called him 'goat-footed.' When
the demonology of the classics was
adopted and modified by the early
Christians, Pan gave way to Satan,
who naturally inherited his attributes ;
so that to the common mind, the devil
was represented by a he-goat, and his
best known marks were the horns, the
beard, and the cloven hoofs. Then came
the witch stories of the Middle Ages,
and the belief in the witch orgies, where
it was said, the devil appeared riding
on a goat. These orgies of the witches,
where, amid fearfully blasphemous
ceremonies, they practiced initiation into
their Satanic rites, became, to the vul-
gar and the illiterate, the type of the
Masonic mysteries ; for, as Dr. Oliver
says, it was in England a common
belief that the Freemasons were ac-
customed in their lodges 'to raise the
devil.' So the 'riding of the goat,' which
was believed to be practiced by the
witches, was transferred to the Free-
masons ; and the saying remains to
this day, although the belief has long
since died out." Are the K. of C. going
to inaugurate a new chapter in the his-
tory of the symbolism of the goat? —
Editor.l

— Another proof of the unreliability
of Gibbon, the historian of the Decline
and Fall of the Roman Empire, is
furnished by Professor Bury in the
English Journal of Roman Studies
(Vol. IX, Part I). Prof. Bury shows
that the Princess Honoria, whose "re-
lations with Attila," according to Gib-
bon, "secured her a scandalous notorie-
ty," was a pure woman and that Gib-
bon's view of her profligacy cannot be
maintained in the light of authentic
sources.

Notes and Gleanings

— "Our main activity for years has
been confined to the raising of funds
for Church purposes, and the more im-
portant activity of raising men has, to
a lamentable degree, been neglected."
(Joseph Rogers in America, May 28,
1921, p. 133).

— In answer to a harried father's
inquiry in No. 11 of the F. R. (page
l/l sq.) a teacher writes: "To give
back a composition or exercise with all
the corrections written in carefully, is
a waste of time and labor on the part
of the teacher. Nor is it a help to the
pupil to have no other indication of the
quality of his work than percentage
marks. Since then, we are not to write
in corrections, nor to score out the mis-
takes and indicate them by marks, what
are we to do? I try to explain each mis-
take orally to the pupil in such a way
that he will have no difficulty in making
his own corrections and profiting there-
by."

— "Zyxt" will be the last word in Dr.
Murray's "New English Dictionary,"
now nearing completion. "Zyxt" is an
English dialect form meaning "Thou
seest." By the way, the completion of
the tenth and last volume of the Oxford
Dictionary, as it is commonly known,
does not mean that the work will be
finished, for the letters U and W are
still incomplete. It is now expected that
the gigantic task, undertaken in 1878,
will be wholly completed by 1923. We
have been used to receiving sections of
this great work three or four times an-
nually for so many years that we shall
probably feel lonely when they cease
to come.

— Myles E. Connolly in the N. Y.
America of May 28 describes a Guild
of Catholic Dentists existing in Boston,
Mass. This organization has some 200
members, who meet once a month, and
seems to have made some progress
towards attaining its three avowed ob-
jects, namely, (1) the spiritual advance-
ment of its members, (2) their pro-
fessional advancement, and (3) charity.
The example set by this Guild is worthy
of imitation. Professional men no less

216

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 1

than laborers should be organized into
guilds in order to facilitate a solution
of the social problem along Christian
lines. Let St. Appollonia's Guild of
Dentists lead the way.

— The San Francisco Monitor, the
most independent among our "official
organs," says (Vol. 63, No. 5) : "Con-
trary to the mistaken notion of many
estimable people, including a certain
class of Catholics, the ideal Catholic
newspaper should not be a nice, ladylike
Sunday school journal, edited for milk-
sops and mollycoddles. Catholic means
universal, and no human interest is for-
eign to the purpose or beneath the
notice of a model Catholic paper. It
should treat with candor and truth and
a passion for righteousness all the great
issues of the times, especially in their
moral aspects, for it is a truism that
the vital social, industrial, and political
questions of today are fundamentally
moral problems calling for a Christian
solution."

— Catholic laymen's retreats will be
held at St. Benedict's College, Atchison,
Kans., during the months of July and
August. They are open to men from all
sections of Kansas and the nearby
States. The exercises and lecturers will
be under the direction of the Rev. Fr.
Henry Courtney, O.S.B., a retreat
master of recognized ability. St. Bene-
dict's College is eminently fitted as a
retreat centre by its ideal location and
its many conveniences. Retreats for
Catholic laymen and women will also
be held at St. Mary's Mission House
and St. Ann's Home, Techny, 111., under
the auspices of the Fathers of the So-
ciety of the Divine Word. Particulars
will be furnished upon request by the
Rev. Joseph F. Eckert, S.V.D., Techny,
111.

— Das Deutsche Buck lately con-
tained a bibliography of the German
books that have thus far appeared on
Einstein's theory of relativity. It con-
tains in all fifty-four titles, exclusive
of newspapers and magazine articles.
Some of these works have gone through
various editions. A. Pfliiger's "Das Ein-
steinsche Relativitatsprinzip gemein-

verstandlich dargestellt" is in the tenth
edition. This is the work that has re-
ceived Professor Einstein's personal
recommendation. The largest, by Max
B. Weinstein, is a volume of 424 pages.
The bibliography was compiled by
Professor Einstein himself. It is plain
from the titles that the theory of
relativity is meeting with considerable
opposition in Germany. Six of these
books are written solely to refute it.

— In Mount Vernon, N. Y., a court
decides that the city authorities have a
perfect right to withhold a permit for
a Socialist meeting. In a Connecticut
city, on the other hand, no one can be
prevented from saying what he will
on the street corner, as long as he does
not offend against the laws of common
decency. Here are instances which illus-
trate how even learned judges may
differ and how one person, in one part
of the country, may indulge in the an-
cient American privilege of free speech,
whilst another, somewhere else, n ay
not. Surely it is time to call a halt on
legal technicalities in such essential
matters as this and to get back to the
days when free and full discussion of

Enclose a Postage Stamp to

Joseph Berning

212-214 East 8th St. Cincinnati, Ohio

For a List of Approved Plays
for the Catholic Stage

These plays have been successfully produced from
coast to coast in Catholic schools, colleges and
academies, and have been strongly endorsed by clergy
anu teachers for their instructive value and entertain-
ing features

ErKer's

Reliable Photo Finishing

Promises kept to the minute.

To remember this may save you

disappointment

SOS Two 511 N.
OLIVE Sio ** GRAND

i i ! m i lll l llllllllllllimilllHMII I I II IIIIII II II I IIIIIll Tf 5

1921

THE FOETNIGHTLY REVIEW

217

government and other subjects of vital
import to the community provided a
corrective and a safety valve for the
people.

— The Sacred Heart College, Denver,
has changed its name to Regis College.
The school paper says : "Our old name
was too sacred for sport yells and ath-
letic columns into which it was bound
to enter." Changing a sacred name into
one less sacred is one way of solving
what the Catholic Sentinel calls "a pro-
blem of conduct which faces many
Catholic schools." But there are some
among us who would prefer to see this
problem solved differently, namely, by
retaining the hallowed old names and
relegating athletics and sports in gen-
eral to the minor and comparatively
unimportant role which by right be-
longs to them. The supreme role which
they have assumed of late years, is not
in conformity with Catholic ideals and
bodes ill for the future.

— In an appendix to the latest part
of the Westminster Version of the
Bible, Father Lattey takes the view
that St. Paul was not the pioneer in
freeing Christianity from the burdens
of the Jewish law, but St. Peter, despite
his temporary lapse, went much farther
in this respect. St. Paul did not bind
Gentile converts to obey the prescrip-
tions of the law, but before the Jewish

elders at Rome maintained that he had
never himself offended against the an-
cestral customs of the Jews. St. Peter,
in connection with the conversion of
Cornelius, had received a divine com-
mand, expressed in very strong terms,
and even apart from this it was at least
more fitting that the head of a church
destined to be world-wide should set
the example in breaking away from the
symbolical usages of Jewish exclusive-
ness and nationalism.

— Speaking of "Fulsome Flattery,"
writes a clerical reader in connection
with the article under this title in No.
11 of the F. R., "would it not be much
better if all of us, no matter how high
or how low our station in Church or
State considered ourselves unprofitable
servants ? This would spur us on to new
activities instead of allowing us to
think that, having done very well, we
are entitled to rest on our laurels. The
writer is correct in saying that we
Catholics, as Catholics, have very little
influence in the public life of these
United- States. The Bishop of San An-
tonio recently said the same thing. In-
stead of admiring the work already ac-
complished, we should survey the im-
mense field that remains uncultivated .
this would help us in acquiring humili-
ty, a virtue very necessary for the pro-
pagation of the Gospel."

The Academy of the Immaculate Conception =:= Oldenburg, Ind.

FOR YOUNG LADIES AND GIRLS

Conducted by the Sisters of St. Francis

Affiliated with the Catholic University of America and the University of Cincinnati,
and accredited by the State Normal
Locited charmingly near Batesville Station, on the Big Four, midway between Cincinnati and Indianapolis

COURSES FUIylv — Intermediate, Commercial, Academic, Scientific and Classical
COLLEGE; PREPARATION — Excellent. This department reinforced

MUSIC COURSE — Based upou the best European models. Fine Conservatory with spacious, scientific-
ally constructed Conceit Auditorium
ART STUDI ) — El'iipped and conducted according: to the best approved methods

HOME ECONOMICS — Taught with exceptional success in the culinary and needle-work department

For particulars, address

THE SISTER DIRECTRESS

CASPER STEHLE BEDDING COMPANY

1834 Morgan Street H - c - SMITH . Manager y T> Louie, Mo.

Sixty Years in Business is a Guarantee of Satisfied Customers

Hospitals and Institutions Receive Special Attention

MATTRESSES of all kinds and sizes, and PILLOWS

Write for quotations, or, better still, try a Sample Felt Mattress in a A. C. A. Tick, built up

extra well in the middle, @ $8.00 net, F. O. B. St. Louis

218 THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW July 1

— Raymond Radclyffe, the financial understand why England will not agree
editor of Chesterton's New Witness, to nationalise everything — coal mines,
in No. 443 of that delectable journal railways, banks, and factories. Then his
says that "over £2,000,000 now stands power of patronage would be so enorm-
to the debit" of England in the shape ous that he could count upon remaining
of foreign export credits, and adds: in office for the rest of his life."
"We behaved like madmen during the — Our revered friend, Msgr. E. B.
war and piled up debts regardless of Ledvina, was consecrated Bishop of
the fact that one day they would have Corpus Christi at St. Mary's of the
to be paid. We may escape bankruptcy, Woods, Ind., June 14. For fourteen
but we can only do it if the government years the new Bishop was closely con-
stops spending money. The Morning nected with the Catholic Church Ex-
Post accurately calls the bureaucrats tension Society, and we speak from
Mice'. Such parasites do not thrive upon personal knowledge when we say that
a healthy body. We can make ourselves without him the Society would never
healthy and kill the parasites, but not have been the success it is. His diligence,
as long as Lloyd George remains in orderliness, and skilful management
power. He believes in the bureaucracy, W ere needed to supplement the efforts
he believes in making credits and in Q f the founder. Bishop Ledvina will
'fairy gold.' In his heart he cannot find a big field in his new diocese, which

Havana W/ } T -f •"""■> 1 Imported

» Wagner s Londres Grande *-g|

100 — $7.80 (Smoked in 47 States) 50 — $4. 00

|ry I hem- |akes |he |aste |o |ell |he |ale

PAST CIRCUMSTANCES — PRESENT CONDITIONS
T> OSS'IBLY you may wonder why segars have not come down in price, as other com-
modities have. Please allow us to explain: First of all, we wish to impress the smoker
that we never change the combination of our segars associated with the names of our
standard brands. When we do make a change, we run them under an entirely new name,
so as not to deceive the smoker as we believe confidence is a man's greatest asset in trade.

We wish to call your attention to the fact that our present prices were made January,
19 ^° — a year before our product reached its peak in that respect. All last year we were
burdendened with repeated increases in wages of the segar makers. We shouldered these
increases, as we believed that the time was at hand when things would come our way.
Not only that, the LONDRES GRANDE and all our "B" class goods were at the jumping-
off point (they really belong in "C" class), for as soon as we charge more than eight cents
the Government demands an extra revenue of $3.00 per thousand.

That would mean not only the labor advance, but the $3.00 extra revenue, which would
bring the LONDRES GRANDE and all other "B" class goods up to $9.00 per hundred.
So, it was up to us to sacrifice $5.00 per thousand to save the smoker $8.00. Labor has
dropped a trifle, but nothing compared with what it increased from January to November
1920; so we consider ourselves fortunate to be able to hold to our present price. All
other requisites, such as boxes, labels, cartage, packing etc , have not decreased to any
extent.

Now comes the leaf question. The leaf now being used is 1918 crop because the raw
material (leaf tobacco) is never suitable, and is not available for manufacturing purposes
until it is from one to three years old after it has passed the grower's hands. By this
you see the money is in this commodity and can not be taken out, owing to the fact that
it was raised under war wages and restricted acreage.

What the future of leaf will be is yet to be determined, but we cannot see a decline in
segars for sometime to come. This is answered by the fact that segars did not advance
until the fall of 1917, where other commodities after 1914, raised from two to three hundred
per cent. Our total advance for the entire period up to the present time was only 60 per
cent. This advance had to take care of the revenue increase.

The law of compensation is inexorable, and those men and industries who and which
danced to the music of war-time profits, may well expect to pay the fiddler. Having feasted
mightier of the fat, they can well afford to chew the quid of the lean. But the segar trade,
as it happens, and as records prove, was not among the industries that so indulged. Hav-
ing had not feast, it is not now conditioned for a famine.

Surely the consumer will not penalize the segar man that gave them a square deal when
his hands were tied; not if he recalls past circumstances and is made acquainted with pres-
ent conditions.

MATT. WAGNER & SON *-** k *££5£,*.r.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

219

lies in the extreme southeastern part
of Texas and is still more or less mis-
sion territory. We congratulate him
upon his selection for this difficult and
honorable position and wish him many
years of successful activity in a vine-
yard with the needs of which he is
thoroughly familiar and to which he
has devoted so many of his best efforts
in the past.

— In a review of G. R. Stirling Tay-
lor's new book, "Guild Politics" (Cecil
Palmer) the London Catholic Times
(No. 2804) says that "If the men who,
starting humbly in life, built up huge
industries and business firms, had not
been cleverly induced ... .to extinguish
themselves under titles . . . .there would
be no need to question the capability

of Labor to provide rulers, just as it
has provided the men, whose business
capacity has extended the bounds of
empire." Our contemporary adds: "If
one were to go back three or four gen-
erations in the pedigree of many of the
modern lords of commerce and finance,
one would probably come to shirt-
sleeves." In America, one would not
have to go back three or four genera-
tions to "come to shirt-sleeves," as
some of the men who began at the bot-
tom and forged their way to the top
are still living. Still we are sometimes
told that Labor has not the brains re-
quired to manage big industries ! Labor
is taking its future seriously, and we
ought to help it reinforce its aims and
claims by insisting on the Christian view
of work and wealth.

Kaffo Buschtee

The Natural Coffee Beverage

(Carbonated)

The Natural Tea Beverage

(Carbonated)

They Pick You Up and Give You "Pep'
10c a Bottle

Anheuser=Busch

St. Louis, V. S. A.

Catholic Art and Architecture

^revised and enlarged second edition, containing forty-eight pages of plates, plus twenty-five pages of text.
The textlay3 diiri solid principles on Catholic art and architecture, and the plates exemplify these principles, as

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been hig-hly recommended by experts and members of the hierarchy and clergy who have made
a study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

220

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 1

— Some American papers have poked
fun at the "advisory plebiscite" recent-
ly held in Silesia. They have a right
to do so, for in this country we manage
such things much more smoothly.
"Here," says the Freeman (No. 63),
"we hold what are not called advisory
elections ; we vote for Woodrow Wil-
son who will keep us out of war, and
Gamaliel Harding who kill keep us out
of the League, or the Association, or
whatever it is they are calling it now;
and then we go home and unhitch the
horses and wait to see what will hap-
pen. When it happens, we hitch up and
go to town again ; buy a few bonds, tell
the boys good-bye, change our minds
about entangling alliances, and general-
ly and severally get behind the presi-
dent, who would not have been presi-
dent at all if we had known what kind
of a president he was going to be.
Plebiscites are nothing in the president's
life or ours, but no one among us has
yet thought of calling our own elections
by the frank and apologetic name em-
ployed in Europe."

— Father Raymond Vernimont writes
to us apropos of a note on page 172 of
the current volume of the F. R. :
"Should not the case of Antony d' An-
drea (who was refused Catholic burial
in Chicago, though he had repented on
his death-bed and received the last
Sacraments) be explained for the bene-
fit of the public? Such things hurt the
Church. An overzealous priest once re-
fused burial to a man who had ex-
pressed a desire to receive the Sacra-
ments, but could not. Archbishop Elder
compelled the priest to have him re-
buried in consecrated ground." We had
expected that an explanation would be
made of the Andrea case, but nothing
so far has been forthcoming except the
declaration, entirely unofficial, that the
man had given great scandal bv having
himself ordained by a schismatic bishop.
We do not see how this would change
the case. Canon 1240 of the Code of
Canon Law, which says that no one who
has given true signs of repentace should
be denied Christian burial, dees not
seem to admit of exceptions.

The Western
Catholic Union

The Most Popular Catholic Fra-
ternal Society of the West

Over 200 Branches in many of the
Leading Parishes of the West

The Western Catholic Union issues

Whole Life and Twenty Pay

Life Certificates

Our Rates are based on Fraternal
Congress and American Experi-
ence Table of Mortality

We do Business in the States of

Illinois, Missouri, Iowa and Kansas

and are eligible to enter any other

State in the Union

Over 43 years and Catholic to the

core, the W. C, U. is based on

Sound, Sensible, and Scientific

Insurance Principles

For paiticulars write

W.C.U. Headquarters

Illinois State Bank Building
Quincy, Illinois

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

221

— We are often told that if our
Catholic press were more efficient, it
would be more generously supported
by the faithful. We may be permitted
to doubt this in view of a statement
by Archbishop Mclntyre, of Birming-
ham, contained in a letter to the Lon-
don Universe (May 13). The Arch-
bishop says : "The need of a widely
diffused Catholic press is daily growing
more urgent. A sound and capable Cath-
olic press already exists. It is manfully
doing its duty on behalf of the Catho-
lic cause; but it is a painful question
to ask whether Catholics generally are
equally doing their duty of supporting
that press? I fear there is much inex-
cusable apathy. The circulation of our
Catholic papers ought to be immensely
larger than it now is. Our press is cer-
tainly efficiently conducted; and for
healthy minds affords more interesting
reading than most of the secular press."
This statement proves that England has
an efficient Catholic press, but it is no
more adequately supported by the faith-
ful than is our considerably less efficient
American Catholic press. The key to
the solution of the problem, here as in
England, lies not so much in improving
the Catholic press as in overcoming the
apathy of Catholics towards it. How
can that be done?

— Magdeleine Marx's much-discussed
book, "Woman," has been translated
into English. Bertrand Russell, Israel
Zangwill, and Henri Barbusse are quot-
ed as saying that this work "expresses
what has never been exactly expressed
before." In matter of fact it merely
preaches free love. The heroine loves
two men, who both go to war and are
killed. She has a firm affection for her
original mate, while his successor
pleases through novelty. This is all quite
natural ; but where does "the new
form" stop? There is no reason why

the second lover should not be followed
by a further ninety and nine. "What
one would like to know," says a critic
in the New Witness (No. 444), "is how
the creed of the all-embracing heart
proposes to deal with the children re-
sulting from these various unions.
Magadeleine Marx does not face the is-
sue. Neither does she adumbrate the
old age of 'woman' when, her sexual
attractions at an end, she is driven back
against that 'exclusiveness of love' she
sets out to destroy." The best criticism
of the all-embracing heart theory is
that, finally, there would be no one left
to embrace or to be embraced.

— The last twenty years have added
many a detail to the portrait of the un-
happy Marie-Antoinette. Since the dis-
covery of Count Fersen's papers in
Sweden and her own letters to Barnave,
and through the researches of Lenotre,
Funck - Brentano, Madelin, and de
Segur, the materials are at last at hand
for a reconstruction of the Queen's
tragic story. With ease, urbanity, com-
petence, and feeling the Marquis de
Segur has produced a new biography
of "Marie-Antoinette" (Paris: Cal-
mann Levy), which, whilst it awakens
our sympathies for the ill-fated woman,
reveals the causes of her sad fate. She
was a being all impulse and nonchalance,
all pride and futility, with any amount
of courage and no constancy. Her girl-
ish vanity and fondness for display led
her constantly to eclipse her court,
while her love of mockery spared noth-
ing she thought old-fashioned, ugly, or
ridiculous. She was extravagant and
reckless in money matters at a moment
when economy counted for a cardinal
virtue in France. But the fault that
ruined all was that she must needs have
her finger in every pie, and that, without
any political capacity, she weighed
passionately on her husband's decisions.

LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

222

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

Julyl

In two masterly chapters — "La Reine
et les Ministres," and "La Lutte" — M.
de Segur shows how his heroine, charm-
ing, clever and courageous though she
was, brought down disaster /on the
throne of France.

— Judge Ben B. Lindsey, of the
Denver Juvenile Court, has been com-
pelled to pay a fine of $500 for contempt
of court because he had refused to be-
tray a child's confidence. The contest
lasted six years and included an appeal
to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Colo-
rado Supreme Court sustained the ver-
dict of the lower court and the U. S.
Supreme Court refused to review the
case. Judge Lindsey, in a statement is-
sued shortly after paying his fine, said:
"I am sure I have demonstrated that
in actual practice the courts are wrong,
and it is decidedly in the interest of
justice that such confidences should be
respected. It is a strange rule that this
is permitted by statute as to other pub-
lic officials, and as between attorneys
and clients, pastors and penitents, and
that it should be denied in a tribunal
where the value of such a confidence
to the State and to justice is perhaps
the highest." The last sentence contains
an exaggeration, but Judge Lindsey is
undoubtedly right in demanding that
the confidences reposed in a juvenile
judge by his proteges should be made
inviolable by law. Unless they are, our
juvenile courts will not be able to ac-
complish the purpose for which they
were instituted.

— Dr. William Barry, in a letter to
the Tablet (No. 4228), reiterates his
well-known contention that "it is im-
possible to supplant the Authorized
Version [of Sacred Scripture] familiar
to the English speaking world by any
new translation, however excellent."
He holds this view mainly for the rea-
son that he believes in ultimate reunion.
"Does any man dream," he asks, "that
in some future age the Douay Bible,
revised ever so much, or a brand new
translation made to-morrow, will super-
sede the ancient text of which innum-
erable traces are everywhere discern-
ible, not only in preachers, but in poets,

historians, novelists, in essays and
journalism, and in common speech? If
not, our Catholic Bible will be a hin-
drance, not a help, and a second-rate
performance, which merely adds to the
general confusion among Christians."
This point of view, of course, can be
defended. But it is not the only point
of view, nor perhaps the most impor-
tant one, from which this subject can
and should be regarded. Let us see
how the new Westminster Version will
take with English-speaking Catholics.
Meanwhile there is hardly any need of
Dr. Barry's reminding us that "no ver-
nacular version of Holy Scripture is
an 'authority' or 'authentic' in the sense
laid down at the Council of Trent."
The problem is entirely concerned wilh
language and devotion and with the
propagation of the faith among non-
Catholics.

Municipal Theatre

In the Heart of Forest Park

The Eight Weeks, Season of 1921
Opens Tuesday, June 7

June 28— "San Toy"

July 5 — "The Beggar Student"

July 12 — "Pirates of Penzance"

July 19— "The Chimes of

Normandy"
July 2ti— "Sari"

All Star Cast
Chorus of 84 Orchestra of 50

Seats 25c 50c $1.00 $1.50
Box Seats $2.00

At C0NWAYS, 1100 Olive Street

1921

THE FOKTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

223

Literary Briefs

— The late Dr. McDonald of Maynooth,
in his last book, "Some Ethical Aspects of
the Social Question," discusses whether it is
lawful for a Catholic to join associations
which are called and call themselves Social-
istic. His concluding warning to the clergy
(p. 147) may be quoted: "If Socialism is
enticing the working man as much as is
being proclaimed, be sure, you priests, that
he knows something about what it is, what
it aims at, and what it does ; and that he
is not likely to heed your warnings against
it if, as he hears its tenets set forth, they
are not so violent or irreligious as you rep-
resent them, or if the balance of evil to its
credit, as he finds by experience, is not so
great as you would have him believe."

— It is a real pleasure to announce the ac-
cession to the ranks of Catholic journalism
in England of Sursum Corda, a review of
Catholic literature, edited by John Langdon
and published by the Ambrosden Press. It
requires a stout heart in these days to publish
a periodical which aims at bringing earth
a little nearer to Heaven, "not by the ap-
proved methods of the hour, but by recog-
nizing the positive value, even in the mun-
dane affairs of life, of poetry, imagination,
and vision." We trust that this example of
stout-hearted Catholicity in England will
bring to us in America a little more of
real journalism and an increase in the num-
ber of those who will appreciate it.

— Dr. Maria Maresch, of Vienna, in a
153-page volume, published by the Volks-
vereins-Verlag of M. Gladbach, presents a
selection of "Briefe der Katharina von
Siena," together with a sketch of her life
and some brief but trenchant observations
on her character and development. The book-
let is well adapted as a means to acquaint the
reader with St. Catharine and to enable him
to appreciate her writings. If one looks deep-
ly into the chalice of the mystic flower of

St. Catherine's speech one finds therein a
simple and sound philosophic system, the key-
note of which lies in the sentence : "I am He
Who Is, and thou art she who is not."

— The Catholic Historical Reviezv (Wash-
ington, D. C) now appears under the editor-
ship of the Rev. P. W. Brown, D.D., a pupil
of the former editor. Rev. Dr. P. Guilday.
The magazine, while keeping its former size
and character, has launched out into the
general field of church history. As no peri-
odical devoted solely to this subject has
hitherto existed in English, the new Reviezv
fills a real want. The April number contains
papers on the Catholic social movement in
France under the Third Republic, the per-
sonality and character of Gregory VII in
recent historical research, the rise of the
Papal States up to the time of Charlemagne's
coronation, and other interesting topics. We
hope this excellent magazine will continue
to do its work with that singular devotion
to the truth which characterized it under
Dr. Guilday's direction, and that it will re-
ceive the support which it merits. The
subscription price is now four dollars per
annum.

—In 1906 the City of Vienna entrusted
August Sauer with the task of bringing out
a complete edition of Franz Grillparzer's
works. On April 16, 1921, Sauer delivered a
lecture in Vienna on the progress he had
made. The original intention of arranging
for twenty-five volumes had to be changed,
though Sauer did not state how many more
would be needed to contain every line Grill-
parzer wrote. He feels that he has all the
material in his possession at present, except
the contents of the mysterious strong box
which cannot be opened until January, 1922;
though he doubts whether even this will re-
veal anything new, unless it be in regard to
Grillparzer's .relation to Katharina Frohlich
and Austrian politics. The edition, as at
present planned, cannot be completed until
more funds are available.

ST. EDWARD'S COLLEGE

AUSTIN, TEXAS

"The Notre Dame of the Southwest"
The Faculty, Spirit, Efficiency of Notre Dame

A Boarding School — Private Rooms and Common Dormitories

College Courses: Classics, Letters, Philosophy, Commerce, Science, Pre-Medical,

Pre-Legal, Engineering, Agricultural
Preparatory School: Complete High School Courses of Study

IDEAL CLIMATE ALL THE YEAR ROUND

For further information address: Rev. Dr. Matthew Schumacher, C. S. C, Pres.

Box 97, F. R-, Austin, Texas

224

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July

—We hail with delight the second volume
of the new edition of Noldin's "Summa
Theologiae Moralis," revised by the vener-
able author himself and adapted to the new
Code of Canon Law. It is the thirty-third
edition and has been issued in 5,000 copies.
This fact alone is a sufficient guaranty of
the book's exceptional worth. The writer of
this notice has spent many hours of his time
lately in poring over text-books of moral
theology, and has found among them many
that are useful and readable; but he always
returns to Noldin with a new appreciation
of that author's clarity, breadth of vision,
and accuracy of detail. His "Summa" is sur-
passed by no other modern work of its kind
and equalled but by very few. (Fr. Pustet
Co., Inc.)

— "Adam and Eve and Pinch Me" is the
curious title of a volume by Mr. A. E. Cop-
pard, which is quite as remarkable for the
circumstances of its publication as for its
literary qualities. The book is the first to
be issued by the Golden Cockerel Press, a
cooperative society, the members of which
propose to print and publish their own books.
There is to be no paid labor, and all of the
work is to be done in the society's own 'com-
munal workshop.' Under this system it is
thought that a larger share in the profits will
accrue to the author than is possible when
books are issued in the ordinary way. The
first edition consists of but 550 copies, bound
in golden boards and with the cockerel prom-
inent on the title-page.

— We are indebted to the Fr. Pustet Co.,
Inc., for copies of the two pocket editions
of the "Missale Romanum," recently pub-
lished by that firm. Like the folio edition,
they are veritable models of liturgical book-
making, printed on India paper, and neatly
and strongly bound. The only point in which
these pocket editions differ from the larger
one is that the commemorations are not al-
ways given in proprio, but are referred to

the Commune, or to an enclosed adjustable
folder. This curtailment was evidently dic-
tated by a desire to make the volume more
conveniently portable. As it is, though com-
prising over a thousand pages, it will easily
go into the average coat pocket. The "Mis-
sale" ought to be the ordinary prayer book
of every educated Catholic. There is no ex-
trinsic reason why it should not be, now
that it is available in such handy and beauti-
ful editions as these and at such a moderate
price.

Books Received

The Deportation Cases of 1919 — 1920. A
Study by C. M. Panunzio. 104 pp. i2tno
Published for the Commission on the
Church and Social Service of the Federal
Council of the Churches of Christ in Am-
erica, 105 E. 22nd St., New York. 50 cts.
(Wrapper).

Brief e der Katharina von Siena. Ausgewahlt,
iibersetzt und eingeleitet von Dr. Maria
Maresch. 153 pp. 8vo. M. Gladbach, Ger-
many: Volksvereinsverlag. M. 15.

Israel und der alte Orient. Von Dr. Franz
Meffert. 2te erweiterte Auflage. 282 pp.
8vo. M. Gladbach : Volksvereins-Verlag.
M. 13.

Ausgewdlilte Schriften . und Gedichte von
Fricdrich Leopold Graf en zu Stolberg. Mit
kurzen Einleitungen und Anmerkungen
herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. O. Helling-
haus. 116 pp. 8vo. M. Gladbach: Volksver-
eins-Verlag. M. 12. (Wrapper).

A Joyful Herald of the King of Kings and
Other Stories. By the Rev. F. M. Dreves
of St. Joseph's Foreign Mission Society.
128 pp. i2ino. London: Sands & Co.; St.
Louis, Mo.: B. Herder Book Co. $1.25 net.

Familiar Astronomy. By Rev. Martin S.
Brennan. New Edition. 260 pp. i2mo. Illus-
trated. B. Herder Book Co. $1.50 net.

Summa Theologiae Moralis. Scholarum usui
accommodavit H. Noldin, S. J. Vol. II:
De Praeceptis Dei et Ecclesiae. Editio 33a,
ab auctore adaptata. 837 pp. 8vo. Fr. Pustet
Co. Inc. $4.25.

Quincy College and Seminary

St. Francis Solanus

Quincy, Illinois

CONDUCTED BY THE FRANCISCAN FATHERS

Sixty-second Year Opens September 8, 1921
Academic, Collegiate, Commercial, Philosophical, Musical Courses
Only Catholics Admitted as Boarders
For Information and Year Book address THE REV. RECTOR

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 14

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

July 15, 1921

The Agrarian Question

By J. M. Sevenich, Editor of 'Der Landmarn"

The agrarian question has been
with the American people for
many years. It occupied the minds
of the colonists long before the
Boston Tea Party.

The colonists recognized the in-
justice of England's policy to dis-
courage, and even prevent, the
manufacture of farm implements,
thus compelling them to make
their purchases in England. The
same system is substantially still
in vogue, — of selling to the farmer
with many profits added to every
article, and of buying from him
cheaply and adding many profits
before the product reaches the
ultimate consumer.

Many of our great industries
have been developed at the ex-
pense of the farmers. The differ-
ence between the price paid to the
farmer for wool, cotton, grain,
live stock, hides, fruit, poultry,
etc., and the price paid for the
finished article by the ultimate
consumer, has built the mills,
slaughter houses, canning fac-
tories, ware houses, cold storage
plants, etc. The transportation of
farm products to the cities, and of
the finished products back to the
towns, villages and hamlets has
paid a larger percentage of the
railroad earnings than the pas-
senger service.

The importance of agriculture
was recognized early by our gov-
ernment, but the government, un-
til lately, has treated this subject

in a rather one-sided manner, and
has sought to promote agriculture
in the wrong way. Altogether too
much attention was paid to pro-
duction and distribution was com-
pletely disregarded. To the farmer
the one is as important as the
other, for what availeth it to him
if he produce in overabundance
but lose all the profits? Statistics
furnish proof that every bumper
crop results in glutted markets
and prices lower than the cost of
production.

One of the first steps taken by
the government to promote pro-
duction was the passage of the
Morrill Act, way back in 1862.
This act materially aided agricult-
ural societies and the organization
of agricultural colleges. In order
to give the farmers some of the
benefits derived from these col-
leges, Farmers' Institutes were,
and are still conducted during the
winter months with papers and
lectures concerning efficiency in
production.

It must have been apparent al-
ready to the farmers of the six-
ties that the promotion of produc-
tion alone did not suffice to pro-
mote the welfare of the farmers,
i. e., to put farming on a paying
basis, because, in 1867, the Grange
(Order of Patrons of Husbandry)
was organized as a secret society,
and in three years became a pow-
erful organization with 20,000
local branches. Owing to too many

226

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

would-be leaders, the membership
in course of time dwindled down
to practically nothing. Of late, new
life came into the Grange, and it
is safe to say that now we have
in America more than 1,000,000
persons who have been or are
members of this organization. The
Grange has held strictly to its
non-partisan platform, but never
hesitated to favor or fight pro-
posed political measures that were
favorable or unfavorable to Am-
erican agriculture. This shows
that our farmers are convinced
that favorable legislation is need-
ed to make possible cooperation
as a means of direct collective
selling and buying.

The decline of the Grange led
indirectly to the formation, in
1886, of the Farmers' Alliance,
which originated in Texas and
paved the way for similar organi-
zations in other States, and to a
powerful union for political pur-
poses in 1889. The Grange had en-
deavored mainly to protect the
farmer against the encroachments
of monopoly and the middleman;
the Alliance demanded the aboli-
tion of national banks, increased
issue of legal-tender greenbacks,
the free coinage of silver, and the
government ownership of the
means of transportation and in-
tercourse. Its power was demon-
strated in the electoral campaign
of 1890, which led to the defeat of
the Republicans. The Alliance
gained control over the legis-
latures of the big agricultural
states of Kansas and Nebraska
and held the balance of power in
Illinois, Minnesota, and South
Dakota. It elected nine Congress-
men and three U. S. Senators. In
1892, the Alliance united with the
Knights of Labor, formed the

People's Party (Populists), and
proceeded to nominate a candidate
for president. This led to a split in
its ranks, and defeat sealed the
fate of the Alliance as a political
body.

The following decade was a
"calm before the storm." In 1902,
two new farmers' organizations
were formed, the Farmers' Edu-
cational and Cooperative Union
and the American Society of Equi-
ty. Since then numerous other or-
ganizations, most of them known
as Cooperative Associations, have
come into existence.

It is estimated that nearly every
third farmer of the six million be-
longs to an organization dealing
with the marketing question. At
first glance there seems to exist
a hopeless division, but upon clos-
er investigation we find that the
various organizations are ap-
proaching two camps — the Ameri-
can Farm Bureau Federation and
the National Board of Farm Or-
ganizations. Of these two the Am-
erican Farm Bureau Federation
has not only the larger member-
ship, but the more constructive
programme. With over a million
members and Bureaus in 47
States, the A.F.B.F. has assumed
leadership among Farmers' or-
ganizations.

— Mr. George Jean Nathan, in his new
book, "The Theatre, the Drama, and the
Girls" (Knopf) exposes the attempts
of certain American producers in war
time to pass off adaptations of German
and Austrian plays as Scandinavian.
These efforts, by the way, to Mr. Na-
than's malicious delight, completely de-
ceived his critical colleagues of the New
York press and led them to devote many
paragraphs (some of which he reprints)
to showing how clearly these plays fol-
lowed in the tradition of Ibsen.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

227

On the Wrong Track

Review of "A Catechism of the Social Question" by the Rev. Drs. Ryan and McGowan

"In "A Catechism of the Social
Question," by the Rev. John A.
Ryan, D.D., and the Rev. R. A.

McGowan (Paulist Press, New
York), the following question is
asked: "Why should Catholics be
interested in the social question?"
The answer is : "Because they are
commanded by God to love their
neighbor, and to do justice. If all
men performed these two duties to
a degree that is easily possible,
the wage-earners would have very
few real grievances. If the moral
and social principles of the
Church were followed and en-
forced in the industrial world,
there would be no such social ques-
tion as the one that troubles us
to-day. As Christians and Catho-
lics; we ought to be eager to do
our best toward making industrial
conditions and relations less con-
trary to justice and charity. The
duty of Catholics to become inter-
ested in the social question, and to
strive for a right solution of it,
has been clearly and strongly as-
serted by the present Holy Father
and by his two immediate pre-
decessors. The words of Pope Leo
XIII, written nearly thirty years
ago, on the 'Condition of Labor,'
are still pertinent and timely:
'At the time being, the condition
of the working classes is the press-
ing question of the hour; and
nothing can be of higher interest
to all the classes of the State than
that it should be rightly and rea-
sonably adjusted.' "

We quote this passage in full as
it shows the sterility of the pre-
vailing school of Catholic social
economy in America. The authors
of the pamphlet in question are

regarded as the foremost ex-
ponents of the American hier-
archy's social teaching. If justice
and love of neighbor were observ-
ed as they should be at the present
moment, we venture to assert,
contrary to the illustrious authors,
that the wage-earners would still
have very many real grievances.
In fact, we believe that their griev-
ances would be even greater. At
certain times in the past four or
five years, certain sections of wage
earners had their purchasing pow-
er increased to what probably
represented the highest possible
limit under any system. And yet
who will say that they were con-
tented? We have not in mind, of
course, the disaffection arising
from a wrong view-point of life or
a lack of religious background.
But given as much of this as one
could reasonably expect in a sin-
ful world, we still believe that
90% of the grievances of the wage-
earners arise solely from the fact
that they are wage-earners and
nothing more. In other words, the
present system of classification of
employer and employed is pro-
ductive of 'most of our troubles.

In short, the writers and repre-
sentatives of Catholic sociology in
America have not yet broken
loose from the trade-union, liberal-
political school of social reform.
They are for patching up the
present order, which is breaking
away from under their feet more
every day. The pamphlet, "A
Catechism of the Social Ques-
tion." in which these views are
expounded, though it is inspired
by a laudable zeal, is ineffective
and for the most part useless.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

Another choice specimen of the
prevailing thought in sociological
circles in Catholic America is pre-
sented to us in a fly-sheet from
the National Catholic Welfare
Council's Department of Social
Action. It is entitled ''Govern-
ment Intervention Called for By
Catholic Teaching." Of late ex-
cessive interference by meddle-
some officials has begun to arouse
resentment in the hearts of long-
suffering industrialists, whose
business is so hedged about as to
make it almost unfeasible. These
resentments are lashed by the
writer of the present sheet who
asserts that Catholic teaching
justifies government intervention;

This is the orthodox and com-
monly accepted opinion at present,
in this country at least. We have
called attention to the serious fal-
lacy in the warp of this opinion
before this and confess to not a
little surprise that apparently no
other voices have made themselves
heard against this dangerous er-
ror.

We venture to lay down three
contradictory assertions to the
promulgated doctrine of ' ' Govern-
ment Intervention Called for by
Catholic Teaching," namely: (1)
The authorities for this teaching
have no historical basis for their
doctrine; (2) The State, as con-
stituted at present, is by no means
the State of Catholic tradition,
but a vile abomination which
should be scrapped as soon as pos-
sible; (3) The function of govern-
ment is not, as laid down by these
authors, "the purpose of provid-
ing individuals, families and eco-
nomic classes with the opportuni-
ties of obtaining their welfare. . . "

Unfortunately the opinions of
these semi-official sociologists, as

promulgated through the N. C.
W. C, are making their way with-
out the slightest opposition. The
Catholic Central Society, usually
so alert for dangerous errors, is
strangely silent. These are days
of tribulation, for we are in liber-
al-political hands, than which
there is nothing more dangerous

and ineffective.

W. A. F.

Our Inconsistency in Sex Matters
While the exponents and guard-
ians of morality exhort the youth
of the nation, in public and in pri-
vate, to "lead a clean, vigorous
life and not 'to worry about sex
matters," there is perhaps 1 no
country in the world in which the
idea of sex is more persistently
and prominently brought before
that youth in the press, in current
literature, at the theatre, and,
above all, in the slushy sentiment-
alism of the "movies." In railway
trains, hotels, etc., notices posted
in conspicuous places proclaim:
"War declared by the government
against venereal disease," in
which young men are urged to
"forget" the strongest of nature's
elemental instincts; but fnearly
every newspaper and magazine
with which the young man beguiles
the passing hour is of a nature
to stimulate the sexual instinct and
to stir the imagination. From the
advertisements to the police and
divorce news, these publications
which, with the "movies," provide
the spiritual food of the masses,
reflect an artificial standard of
manners and morals which has
obviously no relation to actuali-
ties : on the one hand, they do
everything to emphasize sex mat-
ters; on the other, they utter the
shibboleths of a social code which
professes to ignore them.

1921

THE FOETNIGHTLY REVIEW

229

One of the Cures That Failed

So many reputable physicians
maintain that alcohol is of benefit
to patients in some diseases that
we have always thought there
must be some objective truth in
this view. Yet against it militated
the almost unanimous contention
of the modern school of physiol-
ogists that alcohol is never a stim-
ulant, but always a narcotic,
which, while it may make people
feel better temporarily, is sure to
harm them in the end.

Dr. James J. Walsh, in a paper
entitled "The Cures That Have
Failed" in a recent issue of
Studies (Dublin, Vol. X, No. 37,
pp. 62 sq.) explains the apparent
contradiction as follows :

"The most important element
in the psychology of the use of
alcohol is the power of the ma-
terial to minimize or eliminate
dreads and fears, fear-thoughts
as they have been called, of vari-
ous kinds, which often have a
serious effect upon patients. In
pneumonia, for instance, a man of
middle age who discovers, even
though he may not be told, that
he has pneumonia, will recall
friends and acquaintances who
have died of the disease and will
become disheartened from the fear
of such a result in his own case.
This dread literally affects the
heart, and a pneumonia patient
needs all his heart activity to en-
able him to push blood through
a hepatized lung. He may actually
scare himself to death, or at least
make his case ever so much worse
than it would have been. If such a
patient be given alcohol, it brings
on euphoria, that is a sense of
well-being in Avhich he does not
mind so much what happens to

him. That is an excellent mood in
which to face the issue; for at
least it prevents hampering anxie-
ty. Probably whatever good was'
noted from the use of whiskey in
tuberculosis was due to the same
thing. In this affection, however,
the drug was dangerous because it
had to be continued for so long
that to produce effects ever larger
and- larger quantities had to be
used, the physical bad effects were
consequently emphasized, a habit
was produced, and the last state
of the man was worse than the
first. Probably the use of whiskey
in snake bites meant nothing more
than this lifting of the scare. Most
snake bites, except the extremely
poisonous varieties, are not fatal,
though they may produce rather
acute systemic disturbance for a
time: but people bitten by snakes
scare themselves to death or very
near it, and, if only given enough
alcohol, they become indifferent to
the consequences."

"The story of alcohol," con-
cludes Dr. AValsh, "illustrates
very well the whole history of the
cures that have failed. The reme-
dies have been materials that for
some reason or other have pro-
duced a favorable effect upon the
minds of the patients, and it was
because of this mental effect, and
not because of any physical bene-
fit, that the remedies secured their
reputation."

— Prehistoric ruins of what is believed to
have been a different race of cliff dwellers
from those who inhabited the ruins in the
Mesa Verde national parks have been dis-
covered in an almost inaccessible region
north of the Navajo Mountains in Colorado.
The discoverer believes he was the first
white man to view the ruins, many of which
are larger and better preserved than those
in the Mesa Verde national park.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 16

Another choice specimen of the
prevailing thought in sociological
circles in Catholic America is pre-
sented to us in a fly-sheet from
the National Catholic Welfare
Council's Department of Social
Action. It is entitled "Govern-
ment Intervention Called for By
Catholic Teaching." Of late ex-
cessive interference by meddle-
some officials has begun to arouse
resentment in the hearts of long-
suffering industrialists, whose
business is so hedged about as to
make it almost unfeasible. These
resentments are lashed by the
writer of the present sheet who
asserts that Catholic teaching
justifies government intervention;

This is the orthodox and com-
monly accepted opinion at present,
in this country at least. We have
called attention to the serious fal-
lacy in the warp of this opinion'
before this and confess to not a
little surprise that apparently no
other voices have made themselves
heard against this dangerous er-
ror.

We venture to lay down three
contradictory assertions to the
promulgated doctrine of "Govern-
ment Intervention Called for by
Catholic Teaching," namely: (1)
The authorities for this teaching-
have no historical basis for their
doctrine; (2) The State, as con-
stituted at present, is by no means
the State of Catholic tradition,
but a vile abomination which
should be scrapped as soon as pos-
sible; (3) The function of govern-
ment is not, as laid down by these
authors, "the purpose of provid-
ing individuals, families and eco-
nomic classes with the opportuni-
ties of obtaining their welfare.. . "

Unfortunately the opinions of
these semi-official sociologists, as

Our Inconsistency in Sex Matters
While the exponents and guard-
ians of morality exhort the youth
of the nation, in public and in pri-
vate, to "lead a clean, vigorous
life and not 'to worry about sex
matters," there is perhaps 1 no
country in the world in which the
idea of sex is more persistently
and prominently brought before
that youth in the press, in current
literature, at the theatre, and,
above all, in the slushy sentiment-
alism of the "movies." In railway
trains, hotels, etc., notices posted
in conspicuous places proclaim:
"War declared by the government
against venereal disease," in
which young men are urged to
"forget" the strongest of nature's
elemental instincts; but (nearly
every newspaper and magazine
with which the young man beguiles
the passing hour is of a nature
to stimulate the sexual instinct and
to stir the imagination. From the
advertisements to the police and
divorce news, these publications
which, with the "movies," provide
the spiritual food of the masses,
reflect an artificial standard of
manners and morals which has
obviously no relation to actuali-
ties : on the one hand, they do
everything to emphasize sex mat-
ters; on the other, they utter the
shibboleths of a social code which
professes to ignore them.

1921

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

229

One of the Cures That Failed

Dr. James J. Walsh, in a paper
entitled "The Cures That Have
Failed" in a recent issue of
Studies (Dublin, Vol. X, No. 37,
pp. 62 sq.) explains the apparent
contradiction as follows :

him. That is an excellent mood in
which to face the issue; for at
least it prevents hampering anxie-
ty. Probably whatever good was'
noted from the use of whiskey in
tuberculosis was due to the same
thing. In this affection, however,
the drug was dangerous because it
had to be continued for so long
that to produce effects ever larger
and larger quantities had to be
used, the physical bad effects were
consequently emphasized, a habit
was produced, and the last state
of the man was worse than the
first. Probably the use of whiskey
in snake bites meant nothing more
than this lifting of the scare. Most
snake bites, except the extremely
poisonous varieties, are not fatal,
though they may produce rather
acute systemic disturbance for a
time: but people bitten by snakes
scare themselves to death or very
near it, and, if only given enough
alcohol, they become indifferent to
the consequences."

"The story of alcohol," con-
cludes Dr. Walsh, "illustrates
very well the whole history of the
cures that have failed. The reme-
dies have been materials that for
some reason or other have pro-
duced a favorable effect upon the
minds of the patients, and it was
because of this mental effect, and
not because of any physical bene-
fit, that the remedies secured their
reputation."

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

A Wrong Interpretation of Goethe's "Faust"

A reviewer of Prof. Hume
Brown's ''Life of Goethe," re-
cently edited by Lord Haldane, in
the Literary Supplement of the
London Times, calls attention to
a question of interpretation on
which the author and Lord Hal-
dane have committed themselves
to what is clearly an untenable
view.

Prof. Brown speaks of Faust
(p. 741) as having in his compact
with Mephistopheles "bartered
his soul," and Lord Haldane (p.
752) writes:—

"In the First Part Faust has
made his covenant with the Devil
that, if and when he should say
to any moment of satisfaction
which the Devil might provide
him, 'Stay, thou art so fair,' he
should then serve the Devil as the
latter was in the first instance to
serve him."

This, of course, is the compact
of the popular legend, and it is
also the compact proposed by
Goethe's Mephistopheles, but it
is not the compact accepted by
Goethe's Faust. To summarize a
lengthy dialogue: what Faust re-
plies is that he can answer for
this life, but not for the next; he
knows nothing of the world be-
yond the grave or the conditions
and control which there prevail;
he will be ready to die when the
hour of perfect satisfaction has
arrived; "then let happen what
may, and can." Mephistopheles
agrees: "in this sense you may
venture ' ' to sign the covenant. He
expects that by his association
with Faust he can drag him to
perdition; and the final issue de-
pends on whether this expectation
will prove to be justified or not:
in other words, it depends not on
the compact in the old legendary

sense, but on the nature of the
service in which Faust is to find
his full satisfaction. Faust's sal-
vation, then, is not secured by the
arbitrary incursion of a troop of
angels armed with burning roses,
but is a perfectly legitimate out-
come of the situation as defined at
the beginning. All this seems per-
fectly and indisputably clear in
Goethe's text; the compact is for
life, not for eternity; but most
commentators seem unable to rid
their minds of the legendary con-
ception, the alteration of which is
precisely one of the most striking
and significant features in Goe-
the's drama and a cardinal point
in its structure.

There is another and a minor
but not uninteresting question in-
volved in Lord Haldane 's render-
ing (p. 791) of the famous lines
uttered by the Almighty in the
Prologue : —

' ' Ein guter Mensch in seinem dunkeln Drange
1st sick des rechten Weges wohl bewusst. "

Lord Haldane translates this, "A
good man even in his hours of
darkest pressure is yet conscious
of the true path that lies before
him." "Drang" surely has the
same meaning here as when Faust
cries, "Soil ich gehorchen jenem
Drang"; nor does "dunkel" in
German bear the meaning of
"dark" in its evil connotation.
One would not translate "Powers
of Darkness" by "Machte der
Dunkelheit. ' ' The reference is not
to the stress of perplexities and
temptations, as Lord Haldane ap-
pears to take it, but to an impulse
or monition rising from obscure
depths below the level of the logi-
cal intellect. Bayard Taylor more
correctly renders the lines:

"A good man, through obscurest aspiration,
Has still an instinct of the one true way."

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

231

The Church and the Laboringman

To the Editor:

My attention lias been called to
an editorial in the Little Rock
(Ark.) Guardian for June 25, com-
menting on my article in the F. R.
of June 15 regarding the present
status of the Church and the Cath-
olic laborer in this country. The
reverend editor believes that my
observations are overdrawn. In
confirmation of this opinion he re-
marks : "It is well known that Dr.
John A. Ryan is the guiding spirit
in the sociological department of
the National Catholic Welfare
Council, and he certainly is both
well-affected towards the labor-
ingman and knows his business.
But the Church cannot right all
wrongs at once. As long as she
had her own way in the world, the
laboring class had no complaint to
make. The occasions for the com-
plaint arose precisely from ignor-
ing the policy of the Church. The
Church is always the friend of the
laboringman and will be his helper
in proportion as he stands by her
to carry out her social pro-
gramme."

This is typical of the stuff that
has passed for downright, honest-
to-goodness thinking for some
time in Catholic circles in the
United States. Yes, it is well
known that Dr. John A. Ryan is
the guiding spirit of the socio-
logical department of the N. C.
W. C. — that is, well known in a
limited circle. My experience,
which has not been particularly
limited, leads me to make the un-
demonstrable assertion that 90%
of the Catholic laborers in this
country do not know Dr. Ryan or
the position he holds. But even in
the event that every last Catholic

workman in America knew of him
and his work, it is beyond my
power of deduction as to how this
would affect the situation in the
slightest. Dr. Ryan is a very cap-
able economist, but I fail to see
how he alone could even begin to
reach the laboring population in a
way commensurable with their
needs.

What we need is thorough-going
organization, a well-trained force
to direct this organization (built
up along parish lines, probably),
a thousand men like Dr. Ryan to
direct and inspire the promoters,
and an active ecclesiastical body
to keep the whole infused with life
and energy.

What we lack, then, is first of
all intelligent, whole-hearted ec-
clesiastical action; secondly, the
promoters, teachers or educators,
and the organization of laboring-
children of the Church upon whom
would be expended the activities
of the tout ensemble. We have
then, as a matter of fact, one ele-
ment or unit in the structure to be
reared. (It is not at all unlikely
that we need first of all courses
in all of our larger Catholic uni-
versities for the training of lead-
ers. I have omitted this, as it
merely complicates the problem
for the present and would be
readily accomplished if we but had
the elements enumerated above.)

The Guardian sensibly remarks
that the Church cannot right all
wrongs at once. And we might add
that, even if she could, her ex-
perience with human nature would
lead her to adopt a more slowly
operating programme. However,
it is my opinion that the plan, as
most briefly outlined here, would

232

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

take several decades before it
could be said to be in a healthy,
normal state. Surely, then, it is
not too early to begin, in view of
the pressing needs of our times.

In my previous article I care-
fully added that the three reasons
mentioned by me to explain the
alienation of the laboring element
from the Church might be incor-
rect, but that they represented
what to me seemed to be the rea-
sons of the men themselves. No
one man, however broad his ex-
perience, can measure the temper
of a whole country; but my own
experiences in several representa-
tive districts have led me to be-
lieve that, they were representa-
tive. My critic believes that the
charges were overdrawn. Perhaps.
However, he thereby admits that
there is an alienation taking place
from the Church's fold amongst
her laboring children. I venture
to assert that the reverend editor
and the ecclesiastical authorities
would be greatly surprised if they
knew the conditions that actually
exist among the Catholic laboring-
people. I do not refer so much to
the loss in actual figures, but to
that other more subtle loss, aliena-
tion from the true spirit of
Christ's Church. Surely one good
and great man like Dr. Eyan can-
not be expected to do the impos-
sible. One of the greatest defects
in the existing Catholic press is
just this manifestation of snug
contentment with existing condi-
tions and an intellectual sloth that
is only equalled by ability to tuck
away the most momentous prob-
lems within the compass of a few
editorial words. To read them one
would suppose that we were living
in the millennium without a single

trouble, — local, national, or inter-
national, on the horizon to disturb
us.

A Catholic Laboringman

+*&+-,

The U. S. Grain Growers Inc.
The IT. S. Grain Growers Inc.
(50 E. Madison St., Chicago, 111.)
present a report of their meetings
held on June 2 and 3, Kansas
City, June 6 and 7, Omaha, St.
Paul, June 9 and 10 in a Bulletin
numbered 6. We know little of the
Grain Growers Inc., but their
efforts at organizing the farmers
and making effective cooperative
societies is praiseworthy. We trust
that the Catholic farmers will be
active in these affairs and make
themselves heard according to
their Catholic convictions. Likely
as not, however, little will be said
in Catholic circles until some one
discovers that the Grain Growers
Inc. has a Socialistic tendency and
some radicals at its head have pro-
posed hair-brained theories. Then
the whole Association will be
roundly denounced, the Catholic
farmers will be advised against
affiliating themselves with such a
dangerous movement, and, in gen-
eral, there will be much official
chagrin. Unfortunately, there is
but one organization which has
any definite policy with regard to
the agricultural population in this
country, and that organization,
by the circumstances of the time,
has but little influence in Catholic
circles. The others will make them-
selves heard as soon as this or
any other farmers' organization
becomes what to them seems So-
cialistic. Observer

— Every few days you discover a word that
you have mispronounced all your life.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

233

Chesterton on the American Republic

Gilbert K. Chesterton, in the
course of a series of articles he
has contributed to the New Wit-
ness since his return from Am-
erica, pronounces the following
none too nattering judgment upon
what he calls ' ' the Republic of the
Age of Reason," i. e., our own U.
S. of A. He says (No. 448) :—

But when I say that the Repub-
lic of the Age of Reason is now a
ruin, I should rather say that at
its best it is a ruin. At its worst
it has collapsed into a death-trap
or is rotting like a dunghill. What
is the real Republic of our day,
as distinct from the ideal Republic
of our fathers, but a heap of cor-
rupt capitalism crawling with
worms; with those parasites, the
professional politicians? Looking
again at Swinburne's bitter but
not ignoble poem, "Before a
Crucifix, ' ' in which he bids Christ,
or the ecclesiastical image of
Christ, stand out of the way of the
onward march of a political ideal-
ism represented by United Italy
or the French Republic, I was
struck by the strange and ironic
exactitude with which every taunt
he flings at the degradation of the
old divine ideal would now fit the
degradation of his own human
ideal. The time has already come
when we can ask his Goddess of
Liberty, as represented by the ac-
tual Liberals, "Have you filled
full men's starved out souls; have
you brought freedom on the
earth!" For every engine in which
these old free-thinkers firmly and
confidently trusted has itself be-
come an engine of oppression, and
even of class oppression. Its free
parliament has become an oli-
garchy. Its free press has become

a monopoly. If the pure Church
has been corrupted in the course
of two thousand years, what about
the pure Republic that has rotted
into a filthy plutocracy in less
than a hundred?

O, hidden face of man, whereover
The years have woven a viewless veil,
If thou wert verily man's lover
What did thy love or blood avail?
Thy blood the priests make poison of;
And in gold shekels coin thy love.

Which has most to do with
shekels to-day, the priests or the
politicians? Can we say in any
special sense nowadays that
clergymen, as such, make a poison
out of the blood of the martyrs?
Can we say it in anything like the
real sense, in which we do say
that yellow journalists make a poi-
son out of the blood of the sol-
diers 1

But I understand how Swin-
burne felt when confronted by the
image of the carven Christ, and,
perplexed by the contrast between
its claims and its consequences,
he said his strange farewell to it,
hastily indeed, but not without re-
gret, not even really without re-
spect. I felt the same myself when
I looked for the last time on the
Statue of Liberty.

— We certainly need a more equitable
distribution of representation in this
country, for a statistical table published
by the New Republic (No. 342) shows
that in some States one vote has as
much weight towards the election of a
president as ten votes have in another
The extremes are California and South
Carolina. In the former State at the
last election there was an average of
85,000 votes cast for each presidential
elector, whereas in the latter the aver-
age was only 7,000.

286

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

July 15

The Business Depression
In these dour days of business
depression, the like of which has
not been seen in this country since
the nineties of the last century,
everyone is wondering what will
happen next and just when we
shall return to that dear "normal-
cy" of which we heard so much
during the last campaign.

While everyone is waiting for
"the other fellow" to start some-
thing — just what no one knows —
let us consider a few simple pro-
positions like the following: (1)
The high protective tariff of the
present administration closes our
doors effectively to foreign trade ;
(2) The universal policy of reduc-
ing wages first, and far below the
reduction in the cost of living, de-
creases the buying power of the
masses and in the end causes trade
to stagnate; (3) Our cooperation
with European muddle-heads in
an insane reparation policy
destroys all hope that we shall be
able, for many years to come, to
compete with German-made goods,
not only in foreign markets, but
even at home. Prison-made repa-
ration goods will flood the markets
of the world and hinder normal
production in this and other coun-
tries; (4) Our basic industries

like coal and transportation are
absolutely demoralized and on the
verge of ruin. While power and
transportation costs remain so
high it is impossible even to think
of reducing the cost of manufac-
ture to reasonable figures.

In other words we are in for a
long jseige of business doldrums,
and our political quacks are mak-
ing a bad situation worse.

Nuns as Jurors

In England a nun has been sum-
moned to serve as juror and ac-
cording to a statement issued by
the Catholic Union of Great
Britain, "not even Carmelite nuns
and others of the cloistered orders
are safe from being called upon to
serve, in which case it would mean
breaking their vows." Strangely
enough the feminists have uttered
no protest against this injustice.
But Mr. Chesterton's New Wit-
ness is coming to the rescue.

"Why should not a nun be able
to claim the same exemption as a
monk?" asks that journal (No.
448). "Why should a woman who
elects to devote her life to relig-
ious observance receive less con-
sideration than a clergyman of the
Church of England, a Roman
Catholic priest, or a Noncon-

Chaminade College ciayton, Mo.

Catholic Boarding and Day School
for Boys and Young Men

In Charge of the Society of Mary

Accredited by the Missouri University

Preparatory Department — Third Grade Up — Complete High School Courses

Spacious Grounds, Carefully Supervised Studies

Special attention to the moral traiuing of the students

For particulars address; REV. JOSEPH C.EI, S. M., President
Bell: Clayton 128 Kinloch: Clayton 168 L Chaminade College, Clayton, Mo.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

formist minister? It is obviously
unfair that a woman should be
forced to serve on a jury when a
man in similar circumstances is
exempt from such service."

The silence of the feminists is
traced by the New Witness to
fundamental irritation that any
woman can prefer the religious to
the political life ; and rather than
permit any evasion of the duties
of a citizen they are prepared to
condone an act of injustice funda-
mental and apparent.

We note that the Catholic Union
of Great Britain is drafting a Bill
to give immunity to nuns, and it
is expected that the House of
Commons, unlike the feminists,
will see to it that women of the
religious orders shall receive the
same privileges as men.

The question has not yet prac-
tically arisen in this country, we
believe, but it will surely arise
soon; and as the feminists here
are no more likely to interest
themselves in solving it correctly
than in England, our Catholic or-
ganizations should see to it that
laws are adopted in the different
States properly safeguarding the
rights of religious women. To
compel a woman to break the vows
she has taken of her own free will,
when at the same time a man in
similar circumstances remains im-
mune, is one of the grossest acts
of oppression that can be imag-
ined.

Let Us Have Peace!
The Ave Maria (No. 25) re-
spectfully declines to publish the
letter of the Archbishop of Paris,
Cardinal Dubois, to the Arch-
bishop of Cologne, Cardinal
Schulte.

"It is an unusually interest-
ing letter, and elegantly phrased
of course; but we fail to see
what good could possibly come
from its publication. In duty
bound — diplomatic etiquette de-
manded it — the new German Car-
dinal had announced his elevation
to the honors of the Roman purple,
expressed his good will, etc. The
French Cardinal, not content with
congratulating and complimenting
his eminent confrere, and praising
him for what he did to alleviate
the sufferings of French prisoners
during the war, reminds him of
the great injury done to France
by Germany — 'we were attacked
unjustly' — of Germany's con-
tinued evasion of obligations
strictly incurred; and calls upon
him to demand the reparation
which justice requires, etc. We are
hoping that if his Eminence of
Cologne sends a reply to his Em-
inence of Paris, it will not be pub-
lished — that is, unless it is a de-
cidedly different kind of a letter
from the one in question. Ger-
many has had something to suffer
from France, even since the close
of the war; and the demands of
justice must be quite as well un-
derstood in Cologne as in Paris.
It is in the power of both these

Ideal Catholic Boarding Schools

Fully Accredited

St. Benedict's College

High School, Commercial and College Courses
Preparatory Seminary

Modern Buildings, Gymnasium and Swimming Pool

St. Benedict's Maur Hill

Separate, complete plant for younger students.

CONDUCTED BY THE

BENEDICTINE FATHERS
Atchison, Kans.

238

THU FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

princes of the Church to do much
towards establishing peace be-
tween their two nations; it would
be doing less than nothing — worse
than nothing, we venture to assert
— to dwell upon the great injuries
inflicted, the enormous wrongs
done, or the strict obligations
evaded on either side."

We heartily agree with the
esteemed editor of the Ave Maria.
The F. R. has called attention be-
fore this to the strange attitude
taken by the Archbishop of Paris
and the anomalous position in
which it places the Church of
France. In our humble opinion not
a little of the charge made against
Christianity by modern indiffer-
entists, that the religion of Jesus
Christ is moribund, is true. More
correctly, of course, it is the dis-
ciples who are sleeping. But what
shall be said of the Church in that
particular region in which the
chief pastors not only do not help
to restore Christian unity, but
actually fan the flames of discord?

The American Legion
We read in the New Republic
(No. 339), in the course of an ar-
ticle on 4 4 Pseudo-Americaniza-
tion":

"The American Legion presents
a problem of a somewhat different
nature. There is a wide divergence
between what the Legion says and
w r hat it does. In its public state-
ments, in its bulletins from natio-
the Legion

rial headquarters,

seems sound on Americanization,
though it is very vague. On the
other hand, and in spite of this,
the foreign born groups have no
conndence whatever in the Legion
and are more than likely to regard
any Americanization issuing from
this source with a deep and cordial
suspicion. Why is this! Probably
for a variety of Reasons. In the
first place the American Legion
has given its endorsement to the
Americanization programme and
policy of the Y. M. C. A.; in the
second it has openly joined hands
with the National Security League,
which is thoroughly tainted with
Palmerism, in calling the National
American Council. More than
these, however, is the fact that in-
dividual Legion posts have ap-
peared to regard Americanization
more as super-police duty than as
fraternal understanding. It is diffi-
cult to mob Kreisler's concerts,
break up meetings being held by
Poles and Lithuanians, refuse
Louis Post permission to speak,
threaten German societies with
rifles when they try to hold a tag-
day for starving women and chil-
dren, and endorse a plan by which
Legion members are to be mobiliz-
ed for active duty during times of
strikes by 'radicals,' and still have
it believed that you are doing un-
prejudiced Americanization work.
The faults appear to be chiefly
with individual posts, but unless
national headquarters takes public
and stringent action against such

CASPER STEHLE BEDDING COMPANY

1834 Morgan Street H - c - smith, Manager g T Louie, Mo.

Sixty Years in Business is a Guarantee of Satisfied Customers

Hospitals and Institutions Receive Special Attention

MATTRESSES of all kinds and sizes, and PILLOWS

^ r Ue for quotations, or, better still, try a Sample Felt Mattress in a A. C. A. Tick, built up

extra well in the middle, @ #8.00 net, F. O. B. St. Louis

1921

THE FOETNIGHTLY REVIEW

239

posts the Legion must expect to
be misunderstood. Certainly the
foreign born have no doubts in the
matter. To the mass of them the
Legion is, rightly or wrongly, ana-
thema."

A Masonic Tale from France
Bro. Charles F. Irwin recounts
m the Masonic Builder (Vol. VII,
No. 5) some of his experiences as
a soldier serving in the American
Expeditionary Force in France.
He tells among other things how
the good Catholic people of
France disliked the Freemasons
and adds: "Occasionally we ran
across crude tradition as to the
devilishness of the Freemasons.
One which I encountered most fre-
quently among the peasants of
Brittany was to this effect : Every
time the Masons gave a banquet,
they caught a small Catholic child
and served it, just as we would a
succulent roast porker. I recall
hearing this story while at the ta-
ble of a wealthy, educated French-
man, a counseller of a large
French city. When I asked him
the source of this and similar
stories, he shrugged his shoulders,
threw out his hands in their pecul-
iar gesture, smiled and said, "le
pretre."

Of course, the French priests do
not believe or spread such absurd
tales; but they know something
about Freemasonry and warn
their people against its allure-
ments, and that is why they are
calumniated.

Will Our Big Cities Disappear?

Our big cities have often been
called excrescences on the social
body, symptoms of serious disease
that will disappear when that dis-
ease is cured. It is encouraging to
note that Henry Ford is already
predicting their disappearance.
1 ' The movement of the country to
the city and the city to the coun-
try," he says in the Dearborn In-
dependent, which is by no means
all filled with Antisemitism, but
contains many wholesome and
constructive articles, "is a move-
ment that will some day empty the
cities and transform the country.
In the cities men learned how to
live, and now that they are carry-
ing that learning into the country,
the function of the city as a place
of residence seems to be about
done. As central assembling
plants and distributing points,
some of the cities might continue
to exist; but not as living places
for hundreds of thousands of
people. The city had a part to play
in the civilization of mankind, but
that part has been played."

This prophecy may come true,
but it will not and cannot come
true until the present Capitalistic
regime has been supplanted by a
more efficient and a fairer social
and economic system, something
akin to Christian Solidarism.

-♦<.>♦-.

— A Kansas man is reported to be the
father of thirty-two children. He has not
yet made known whether he will apply for
admission in the League of Nations, or just
let America represent him for the present.

Catholic Art and Architecture

applied to modern parochial buildings
The booklet has been highly recommended bv experts and members of the hierarchy and clersry who have made
w study of the subject. It has also been very favorably reviewed by the professional and the Catholic press

Price $1.00, post free
Address, JOHN T. COMES, Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

Restoring the Ruined Churches of
Italy

It is comforting to learn from a
little book entitled "L 'Opera di
Soccorso per le Chiese Rovinate
della Guerra" (Venice: Typo-
graphia San Marco) that the work
of restoring the churches profaned
and ruined by the war is making
good progress in Italy. The labor
is likely to be a long one, for not
only have many churches to be re-
stored and rebuilt from the foun-
dations, but when the invaded ter-
ritories were freed, there was
scarcely a church bell to be found.
They had been carried away to
make Austrian cannon, and they
have all to be replaced. The latest
figures show that 167 churches
have been utterly destroyed, 207
seriously damaged, while 206 can
be restored at relatively small cost.
The missing bells number about
10,000, and the injury to church
fittings, furniture, and works of
art can hardly be estimated. The
work of reconstruction and re-
placement, which is now in the
hands of the committee respon-
sible for this publication, was orig-
inated in 1917; but the disaster
ofCaporetto turned people 's atten-
tion in the direction of the safety
of their country rather than their
churches, and it was not until the
end of 1918 that the matter could
be seriously discussed.

The first care of those charged
with the work was to prepare ac-
curate statistics, which are sum-
marized in the appendix to this
volume; the next was to collect
funds, and then to enlist the aid
of a number of well-known artists
and architects in order to make
sure that the rebuilding should be
fitting and in good taste. Consider-
able progress has now been made

with the work, and a number of
bells have been cast and hung.
Some of the missing bells were dis-
covered in enemy territory after
the armistice, and it was possible
to restore these practically at
once. In other cases, where new
bells have had to be provided, they
have been cast as far as possible
to resemble the old ones. The old
inscriptions have been preserved
and a fresh inscription has been
added in every case, so that post-
erity may know the history of each
bell. If anything further were
needed to provoke our good wish-
es, it is the series of sad little pic-
tures of the ruined churches them-
selves.

Readers who desire to follow the
progress of this work can do so in
the pages of the review Arte Cris-
tiana, where they will find month
by month a record of the work
undertaken and projected.

ErKer's

Superior Photo Enlargements

Our enlargements are beautiful
and of permanent artistic value

SOS two 511 N.
OLIVE *■"■* GRAND

nnuiiiimiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiMmii

lllllllllllllllllfi

CLERGYMEN, COLLEGES and ACADEMIES
will find it to their advantage to consult

===== THE ==

Jos. Berning Printing Co.

212-214 East Eighth Street

CINCINNATI, OHIO
RELIABLE SERVICE AT REASONABLE PRICES
Its facilities for quick delivery of line-
or monotyped, printed in first-class
manner books, booklets, pamphlet*,
folders etc. are unexcelled.

I Mil

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

241

The Campaign Against Unnecessary
Noise

We read in The Nation, No.
2921:

"Mention in the newspapers re-
cently that a laboratory has been
endowed to study the elimination
of noise from our industrial civili-
zation is worth more than amused
or indifferent remark. We ought
long ago to have begun to take the
matter seriously; to realize that
this age, instead of progressing
toward the reduction of noise, has
introduced into the world a vast
amount of new and peculiarly ir-
ritating babel. There is a great
difference in noise. City dwellers
who go to the country for rest
sometimes complain that they are
kept awake at nights by croaking
frogs or waked before dawn by
ambitious roosters. But country
noises are nature's nbises; gener-
ally they are musical or at least
not actually discordant. One not
only becomes accustomed to them,
but eventually finds many of them
soothing, such as the strange
whirr and hum by night and by
day of the poignant and myster-
ious insect chorus of forest and
field. Our city noises are other-
wise. They are largely unmusical,
a vast dissonance of screeching,
grating, banging, chattering, that
makes sleep unrestful (although

we may not realize it) and short-
ens life by the erosion of our
vitality. Some day our epoch may
be known as the age of Unregen-
erate and Unregulated Noises . . .
Some years ago Mrs. Isaac Rice
organized an anti-noise society in
New York City. It consisted main-
ly of herself, and was regarded
by the rest of the community as an
amusing and harmless bit of luna-
cy. In truth Mrs. Rice was a path-
finder for what will one day be-
come a great crusade; she was a
pioneer in the eradication of an
evil which we shall eventually com-
bat with the same seriousness and
effort that we now employ against
impure water or the Great White
Plague. ' '

A Protestant Preacher on Secret
Societies

The Rev. 0. F. Englebrecht, of
Milwaukee, in the course of a
strong, article on secret societies
in the Christian Cynosure (Vol.
LIV, No. 2) says:

"In this day and age, when the
nations of the world have experi-
enced the evil of secret diplomacy,
when open covenants openly ar-
rived at were hailed, the world
over, as the sign of a new era in
the history of governments, now
that public authorities all over the

The Academy of the Immaculate Conception =:= Oldenburg, Ind.

FOR YOUNG LADIES AND GIRLS

Conducted by the Sisters of St. Francis

Affiliated with the Catholic University of America and the University of Cincinnati,
and accredited by the State Normal
Located charmingly near Batesville Station, on the Big Four, midway between Cincinnati and Indianapolis

COURSES FULL— [nt-riuediate, Coram:rc ial, Academic, Scientific and Classical
BOUBGE PREPARATION' — Excellent. This department reinforced

MUSIC COURSE — Based upon the best European models. Fine Conservatory with spacious, scientific-
ally constructed Conceit Auditorium
ART STITDf ) — Equipped and conducted according- to the best approved methods

HOME ECO^OVIICS — Taught with exceptional success in the culinary and needle-work department

For particulars, address

THE SISTER DIRECTRESS

242

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

country are coming to see the evil
or the possibilities for evil of
secret societies in high schools
and colleges, is it not a peculiar
inconsistency that so many of our
officials, from the President down,
are members of secret, oath-bound
societies? Is it not an intolerable
condition that [Protestant] min-
isters should be members of secret
societies, when Christ, their Mas-
ter, whom they profess to serve,
carried on openly before the world
and declared before His would-be
judges: 'In secret have I said
nothing'?

' ' So far from supporting secret
societies with their contributions
and above all through their ex-
ample, ought not Christian min-
isters and enlightened citizens
everywhere, lift up their voice in
protest against an institution that
is so little Christ-like, and that has
within itself great possibilities for
evil?"

— You can say one thing for this season
of depression. It isn't so difficult to find the
reading-matter in the popular magazines.

—Germany's casualties in the World War
are placed at 6888,982 by the commander of
the American medical corps.

Notes and Gleanings

— The Literary Supplement of the
London Times, whose contributors are
among the most "advanced'' scholars in
England, devotes the major portion of
a page to Loisy's new book on the Acts
of the Apostles ; but it does not approve
of this new piece of destructive radical-
ism. "For our own part," says the re-
viewer towards the end of his notice
(No. 1,010), "with the fullest recogni-
tion of the learning, resourcefulness,
and skill displayed by M. Loisy, we feel
that the basis on which the theory rests
is too narrow and too insecure, and that
the strength of the argument for a
more conservative position is very in-
adequately recognized."

— Owing to the fact that Martin
Luther himself said, "I am the son of
a peasant (Bauer) ; my father, grand-
father, and great-grandfather were
genuine peasants," it has heen custom-
ary to regard Luther as a glorious
example of a man who "rose from the
ranks." On the basis of what seems to
be reliable investigation, it now appears
that Martin Luther descended from the
German nobility. Hans Luder, the
father of the reformer, inherited the
two largest and best estates in Mdhra
and established a coppersmelting in-
dustry which gave him preeminence
among the industrial and social leaders
of his day. Having killed a peasant,

Conception College and Seminary

An ideal C o 1 1 e ge home. Location beautiful
and healthful. Large campus and shady walks.
Complete College and High School courses. Mod-
ern languages free. Church Music a specialty.

Board, Tuition, Lodging

$250.00 a year

For Catalogue address

THE REV. RECTOR

Conception, Mo.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

243

however, he was forced to flee. He be-
took himself to Eisleben, where he
again entered the copper business and
where Martin was born. The story is
told in Ad. Baring's "Deutsches Ro-
landbuch fur Geschlechterkunde," Vol.
I, Dresden, 1918.

— Father Herbert Thurston, S. J.,
continues in the June Month his series
of essays on "Some Physical Phenome-
na of Mysticism." His formidable ar-
ray of evidence for the incorruption of
the bodies of a large number of the
saints should compel the attention of
medical men and scientists. One of the
frequent concomitants of incorruption
is the flow of a peculiar liquid from
the body, of which Father Thurston re-
marks : "However we may explain the
phenomenon or fail to explain it, the
exudation of some sort of viscous, oily
fluid from many incorrupt bodies seems
to be a fact beyond dispute, and also a
fact which has never been registered by
medical science."

— England seems bent on cleaning the
Poles out of Silesia. So far as we have

been able to determine, there is no prom-
ise of "swag" connected with the job.
This seems almost preposterous ; and
yet, if true, England deserves not a lit-
le credit. There are a few matters still
to be straightened out in Europe, among
them getting the Poles out of Silesia,
the English out of Ireland, the Greeks
out of Turkey, and the French out of
Germany. After that we shall be able
to start on this side of the water and
get ourselves out of Haiti as best we
can. Until then we shall be making of
that unfortunate country another Bel-
gium, except that, in this case, we are
pursuing our selfish and brutal policy
under the old guise of idealism, while
the Germans in Belgium considered it
an honest-to-goodness military occupa-
tion.

— The widely quoted utterance of
an eminent English physician and scien-
tist that vaccination is a crime and the
germ theory has been thoroughly ex-
ploded, reminds us once again that
modern medicine, despite the great pro-
gress made in the last two generations,

Kaffo Buschtee

The Natural Coffee Beverage

(Carbonated)

The Natural Tea Beverage

(Carbonated)

They Pick You Up and Give You "Pep"
10c a Bottle

Anheuser=Busch

St. Lonis, U. S. A.

244

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

is still in its infancy. "Great fields are
still unexplored," observes the Nation
(No. 2916), "and much material, the
product of forty years of clinical ob-
servation and laboratory research, is as
yet little understood and remains to be
clarified. Only by co-ordinating the
various and now rapidly diverging spe-
cialties in medicine is the fullest pro-
gress possible." For this purpose a great
medical centre is to be created in New
York, at a cost of $15,000,000. Let us
hope that this new institution will be
conducted by men of real scientific
acumen who will not stick to ancient
superstitions simply because they have
been propagated with so much per-
sistency.

— The National Christian Association,
through its official organ, the Christian
Cynosure of Chicago, is vigorously com-
batting the Towner bill, mainly for the
reason that the measure is sponsored by
the Freemasons. Behind it stands,
among other sinister influences, ''The
Masonic Service Association of the
United States," which was organized
in 1919 by some eighty representatives
from thirty-four grand lodges for the
purpose of "giving American Free-
masonry a national voice." That voice
is naturally raised in favor of any and
every measure ultimately aimed, as the
Towner bill no doubt is, at Christian
education. The Protestant ministers
constituting the National Christian As-
sociation are gradually beginning to see
that, with the increasing influence of
anti-Christian Masonry in our public
schools, they will have to follow the
example of the Catholics and the Luth-
erans and establish their own schools
for the Christian training of their chil-
dren.

— The canonization of Blessed Peter
Canisius 'seems now assured 1 . The
Bishop of Fulda, but recently returned
from Rome, declared that it was an
event to be looked for in the near future.
In an audience granted by the Holy
Father to students from Innsbruck in
Holy Week he told them of "another
miracle" wrought by Blessed Peter not
far from Rome. The case was that of

The Western
Catholic Union

The Most Popular Catholic Fra-
ternal Society of the West

Over 200 Branches in many of the
Leading Parishes of the West

The Western Catholic Union issues

Whole Life and Twenty Pay

Life Certificates

Our Rates are based on Fraternal
Congress and American Experi-
ence Table of Mortality

We do Business in the States of

Illinois, Missouri, Iowa and Kansas

and are eligible to enter any other

State in the Union

Over 43 years and Catholic to the

core, the W. C. U. is based on

Sound, Sensible, and Scientific

Insurance Principles

For particulars write

W.C. U. Headquarters

Illinois State Bank Building
Quincy, Illinois

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

245

a religious who had been suddenly
cured from intestinal tuberculosis upon
application of a relic of the Blessed.
Just two days of life is all physicians
were willing to promise the sick Sister.
The cure was instantaneous and quite
remarkable, as the disease had been of
long standing and an operation (remov-
ing part of an intestine) had been per-
formed to relieve the patient. Early in
May another miracle was reported to
have taken place through the interces-
sion of Bl. Canisius, but the details of
the same have not yet been made public
Meanwhile, a vice-postulator has been
appointed and the reports on the
miracles have been declared to be very
satisfactory to the Roman authorities.

—The Rev. J. Roach Stratton, D.D.,
of Calvary Baptist Church, New York
City, who attended the Dempsy-Carpen-
tier prize fight at Jersey City on July
2 at the request of the managers of
the Universal Service, describes the af-
fair as "a disgraceful orgy of blood and
bestiality" and says the conduct of the
90,000 spectators "illustrates the deep-
ening of the blood lust." He calls par-
ticular attention to the fact that there
were present at the fight no less than
5,000 women, who, "shorn of all
womanly delicacy and gentleness, gloat-
ed with their male consorts in fever of
the blood lust," resembling the degener-
ate women of ancient Rome who turned
down their jeweled thumbs at the gladi-
atorial combats as a sign that the de-
feated combatants must die. "The war
knocked the props from beneath our
moral idealism, and like a rocket we
have shot down the greased ways to-
ward hell."

— Mr. J. Kenneth Turner, in a letter
to the Freeman (No. 68), expresses the
opinion that "not one of the excuses
for our past war is valid, even when

tested by ordinary standards; that a
preliminary task of those who would
prevent another war is to clear away
the myths of the recent one; that re-
gard for individual reputations, per-
sonal vanities, or national pride, must
not be permitted to hinder the job; that
only after the shams of the previous
war have been exploded, its true mo-
tives revealed, and its methods and re-
sults shine clear in the light of those
motives, can a beginning be made to-
wards ways that will insure us against
future horrors." Mr. Turner ought to
write a book on "The Myths of Our
War Propaganda" and get some weal-
thy philanthropist to scatter ten mil-
lion copies of it broadcast as a prophy-
lactic against the next attack, which is
sure to come.

— For the first time Quintilian's
classical "Institutio Oratoria" will be
adequately brought within the reach of
the educated English public through
the translation now appearing in the
Loeb Classical Library. That transla-
tion is the work of H. E. Butler and is
based on Halm's text. Mr. Butler does
not do full justice to Quintilian's "lucid
parsimony of words" and often para-
phrases rather than translates ; but his
rendering is, on the whole, clear and
graceful, and of real help towards an
intelligent apprehension of the original.
As an exponent of formal oratory
Quintilian does not, of course, mean
much to the modern world. But as an
educationist, he is still worth reading.
Thus there is much to be said in favor
of his view that reading should begin
with poetry rather than with prose, that
•the very best teachers are needed for
beginners, that there is not much danger
of "over-pressing" a boy, but a great
deal of danger in allowing him to fol-
low his own apparent bent, etc. He is

. LOUIS BELL FOUNDRY

STUCKSTEDE BROS.

2735-2737 Lyon Street, cor. Lynch
Church Bells and Chimes of Best Quality

ii46

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

particularly sound in what he says on
the unity of education throughout its
different stages.

— To the average non-Catholic reader
of to-day, penetrated with notions of
complete personal freedom, Bossuet ap-
pears as a kind of pious Hobbes, big-
oted and prejudiced, sycophantic to
royalty, and conservative in a manner
which is ridiculous. His correspon-
dence, as lately published in France, has
convinced at least one critic that the
modern view of Bossuet is false. "It
is certain," writes a reviewer in the
London Times Literary Supplement
(No. 1,010), "that the Bishop of
Aleaux, if not the 'last Father of the
Church,' as Chateaubriand believes, was
one of the noblest characters and most
considerable minds of his age. ... If
there is anyone who doubts the cour-
age and integrity of Bossuet's character,
let him read the two long letters to the
King (exhorting him to repentance and
to abandon his mistresses), which are
reproduced in the volume edited by M.
E. Levesque. [Lettres sur l'Education
du Dauphin;' Paris: Bossard]."

— M. Alfred Loisy's massive volume
on "Les Actes des Apotres" (Paris,
Nourry) proves that the author has not
receded from the modernistic errors
that brought about his excommunica-
tion. His theory is that the Acts, while
originally the work of St. Luke, were
transformed by an unknown redactor,
who retained the frame-work, but com-
pletely travestied important portions,

notably the second book. He invented
miracles and discourses on a great scale, i
taking his marvellous stories from types '
furnished by the Old Testament, Gos-
pel tradition, or contemporary pagan- ;
ism. Scarcely any word recurs more ,
frequently in this book than the word I
"liction." Loisy goes even beyond Nor-
den. In his reply to that radical critic, j
Harnack some time ago expressed him-
self ready to refute the hypothesis of
a redactor if it were applied to the whole
of the Acts. If he will keep his prom-
ise, we shall witness the strange spec-
tacle of a modern Rationalist defending
the authenticity and genuineness of a
portion of the New Testament against
an apostate priest.

~<j>~

Literary Briefs

— The many admirers of Father Ernest
R.Hull S.J., and may their number increase!
will do well to get the latest Bombay Ex-
miner reprint which appeared originally
under the somewhat strange title of "Herr
Schnebels." In their new form the essays
are called "A Practical Philosophy of Life,"
a title which they well bear out. The book
keeps up the reputation of the author as one
of the most gifted Catholic writers in the
English language. One almost wishes at
times that Father Hull had not the exact-
ing duties of an editor to perform, but could
devote himself wholly to the writing of
permanent works. However, it is probable
that here again the lie is given to the old
adage that writing under necessity is never
literature. At any rate it is evident that
the conditions in India have given Father
Hull the inspiration to produce works for

QTDACQREQGCD conservatory of

I nHdODCnUCn MUSIC and EXPRESSION

Three Schools

St. Louis, Mo.

Established 1886

DIPLOMAS and

GOLD MEDALS

AWARDED

TERMS REASONABLE
CATALOGUE FREE

51 COMPETENT TEACHERS ^SSS^J^STt ".TtSE

Partial Scholarships and other free advantages ADDRESS: GRAND AND

SPECIAL LOW TERMS TO BEGINNERS SHENANDOAH AVES

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

247

readers who must ibe appealed to from the
: purely natural standpoint. And who will
say that this is not important even in the
Western world, where the curse of devital-
ized denominationalism is upon us? In the
. present instance Father Hull has gathered
together the common-sense principles under
the three categories of philosophy of facts,
principles, and actions, and made them into
a splendid practical guide-book. Had the au-
thor been following the prevailing custom
he would have entitled his latest booklet
"The Psychology of Something-Or-Other."
But he has taste as well as acumen and
spares us the absurdities of the present
craze. Father Hull's latest book, like all his
previous ones, deserves attentive reading
and re-reading. (B. Herder Book Co.)

— The "Thesaurus Doctrinae Catholicae
ex Documentis Magisterii Ecclesiastici."
compiled by the Rev. Ferd. Cavallera, pro-
fessor of theology in the Catholic University
of Toulouse, is all that its title implies,
namely, a systematic collection of the ex-
plicit authorities and sources for all the
doctrines of the Catholic faith, so arranged
as to be available to the busy student. It is
a sort of enlarged Denzinger's Enchiridion,
brought up to date. Thus it contains the de-
cisions of the Biblical Commission and the
pronouncements against all the later heresies,
including "Americanism." A very valuable
feature are the copious indexes. (Paris: G.
Beauchesne; St. Louis, Mo.: B. Herder
Book Co.)

— Father Edw. F. Garesche's latest book,
"Social Organizations in Parishes" (Benzi-
ger Bros.), is a compendium of information
for pastors, superiors and organizers, both
lay and clerical who have in their charge an
actual or projected parish organization of
whatever kind. The Sodality has been taken
as the standard, and "the thoughtful reader"
is expected to "be able easily to apply the
suggestions made to the work of almost any
Catholic society." Father Garesche has had
considerable experience in this sort of work
and makes excellent use of what he has seen
and heard. There is in his book, however,

one very distressing lack, which should be
pointed out, namely, that of laboring men's
societies, of which we are in particular need.
Father Garesche has done well to give us
the fundamentals of organization, and, as
stated, these can be applied concretely at will.
It is a fact, however, that an omission of
the kind mentioned delays the possibilities
of the foundation of what seems to be the
most crying need in Catholic America to-day.
Moreover, the section headed "The Academy
of Social Study" is decidedly weak and lack-
ing in suggestive possibilities and scope. In
spite of these and a few other defects, how-
ever, the book deserves careful study by all
who have at heart the organization of Am-
erican Catholics, so necessary in these
troublous times.

— Catholic authors should exercise some
supervision over the advertising matter that
appears on the covers of their books. The
reviewer is forced to issue this warning after
reading the cover announcement of a book
published by the firm of Frederick Pustel
Co., Inc., entitled "Efficiency in the Spiritual
Life" by Sister M. Cecilia. For religious the
shortest "short cut to holiness" is the rule
of their respective order or congregation,
and not an adaption of the so-called prin-
ciples of efficiency, which have about had
their brief day in the industrial world. How-
ever, the author has not gone that far in
her work, but merely desires to make easier
the path to perfection by an application of
these principles, some of which are of un-
doubted value, to the spiritual life. But
is it necessary or even advisable to employ
the thirteen principles of Emerson for this
purpose? And if so, will the result be a
greater concern for the "efficiency" of our
spiritual life or the actual sanctity for which
we must strive? Is this not making use of
the enemy's methods with a vengeance? We
recall that these principles were put forth
as embodying a "morality" for the attain-
ment of the desired end. In our opinion Sister
M. Cecilia's book is not necessary and may
even lead to harmful results, in spite of the
fact that the work itself is well done.

ST. EDWARD'S COLLEGE

AUSTIN, TEXAS

"The Notre Dame of the Southwest"
The Faculty, Spirit, Efficiency of Notre Dame

A Boarding School — Private Rooms and Common Dormitories

College Courses: Classics, Letters, Philosophy, Commerce, Science, Pre-Medical,

Pre-Legal, Engineering, Agricultural
Preparatory School: Complete High School Courses of Study

IDEAL CLIMATE ALL THE YEAR ROUND

For further

>rmatiou addiess: Rev. Dr. Matthew Schumacher, C. S. C, Pres.
Box 97 F. R. Austin, Texas

248

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

July 15

—The Rev. P. Boylan, professor of Scrip-
ture and Oriental languages at Maynooth,
under the title "The Psalms," presents the
first volume of "A Study of the Vulgate
Psalter in the Light of the Hebrew Text"
The volume comprises Psalms I— LXXI.
There is a general introduction of some
seventy pages concerned with the text and
language of the Psalter, its poetical form,
the titles of the Psalms, and their classifica
tion. Each Psalm has a short introduction of
its own. The text, in Latin and English, is
followed by exegetical and textual notes.
The work marks an advance in English
Biblical scholarship. As the book is intended
to supply those who recite the Divine Office
daily with a satisfactory solution of the
difficulties met with in the Psalms, the author
avoids all abstruse discussions and pays little
attention to diversities of opinion. At the
same time he shows that he is in touch with
the latest results of criticism, as when he
suggests the possibility that Ps. vii, 7 — 12
may be an independent poem embedded in
the main psalm. The print is large and clear
and the binding substantial. (M. H. Gill &
Son and B. Herder Book Co.)

— "The Choice and Formation of a Native
Clergy in the Foreign Missions," a reprint
in pamphlet form of a "Letter Addressed to
the Superior of the Mission of Kiang-nan,
China, from Rome, August 15th. 1919, by
the Very Rev. Wladimir Ledochowski, Gen-
eral of the Society of Jesus," is a valuable
contribution to a subject which should be
pondered well in certain circles in the
United States. St. Ignatius ever insisted on his
subjects learning the language of the people
among whom they were working and labor-
ing. This is in direct contrast to the modern
American idea, which insists that the Cath-
olic lay population learn the language of
their ecclesiastical superiors who are direct-
ing their spiritual welfare. It is usually
not put in such bald words, but covered

over with the plea of "Americanism," etc.
The excellent document before us is not
in form like to the usual allocation addressed
by a superior to his subjects. It is well docu-
mented, clearly and forcefully written, and
most interesting. Not only is the subject ot
the native priest well expounded, but the
reader of this letter will be well repaid in a
most satisfactory account of the Catholic mis-
sions in the vast empire of China. It were
well if some of our Catholic societies in-
terested in the foreign missions undertook to
spread this pamphlet far and wide. (P. J.
Kenedy & Sons, New \ork).

Books Received

Moral Principles and Medical Practice. The
Basis of Medical Jurisprudence. By Charles
Coppens, S. J. New and Enlarged Edition
by Henry S. Spalding, S. J. 320 pp. 8 vo.
Benziger Brothers. $2.50 net.

Schuts- und Trutzwaffen im Kampfe gegen
Unglaubcn und Irrglanbcn. Weitern Krei-
sen der Gebildeten und des Volkes darge-
boten von P. Peter Nilkes, S. J. 18. Auf-
lage. Herausgegeben von August Deneffe,
S. J. 496 pp. 32mo. Kevelaer: Butzon &
Bercker.

Sozialismus und Solidarismus. Von A. Hei-
nen. 68 pp. i6mo. M. Gladbach: Volksver-
einsverlag. M. 3 (Wrapper).

Der "wisscnschaftliche" Sosialismus, die
Grundage der Sozialdemokratie. Nach dem
Vorkriegsstande gemeinverstandlich er-
ortert von Dr. Ludwig Nieder, 2nd ed.
40 pp. 8vo. M. Gladbach : Volksvereinsve.--
lag. M. 1.80 (Wrapper).

A Parochial Course of Doctrinal Instructions
for all Sundays and Holydays of the year.
Based on the Teachings of the Catechism
of the Council of Trent and Harmonized
with the Gospels and Epistles of the Sun-
days and Feasts. Prepared and arranged
by the Rev. Charles J. Callan, O. P., and
the Rev. John A. McHugh, O. P. Dogmatic
Series. Vol. II. x & 560 pp. 8 vo. New
York : Joseph F. Wagner, Inc.

Quincy College and Seminary

St. Francis Solanus

Quincy, Illinois

CONDUCTED BY THE FRANCISCAN FATHERS

Sixty-second Year Opens September 8, 1921
Academic, Collegiate, Commercial, Philosophical, Musical Courses

Only Catholics Admitted as Boarders
For Information and Year Book address THE REV. RECTOR

The Fortnightly Review

VOL. XXVIII, NO. 15

ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI

August 1, 1921

Capitalism and After

Mr. Joseph Clayton discusses
Jhe problem what is to supersede
Capitalism in No. 451 of Chester-
ton's Neiv Witness. He says inter
alia :

It is all very right and proper,
no doubt, to express our hatred of
Capitalism, and to declare our ab-
horrence and detestation of the
functions of the capitalist. Such
hatred and abhorrence may be
taken as the signs of a healthy
mind, intimations of a desire for
social change, tokens that justice
and goodwill are still held of good
report.

But what is our plan for ridding
this land of the pestilent business
of the capitalists ? What social and
industrial arrangements are con-
templated for the days when Capi-
talism has been superseded ?

There must be a plan and a
policy if the superseding is to be
accomplished without the vast and
widespread misery of battle, mur-
der or sudden death.

The capitalist enjoys a liveli-
hood on the profit made by em-
ploying somebody else at a definite
wage. If the profit on the labor of
the person employed does not ex-
ceed the wages paid, then the
capitalist fails to get a living and
becomes a bankrupt.

To the liberal economist and
university professor of the nine-
teenth century the position of the
capitalist was highly meritorious,
and the fact that his riches were
derived from the labor of others

was regarded neither as unjust
nor as a matter of reproach, but
rather as a merciful dispensation
of Providence for bringing about
the greatest happinesg of the
greatest number. In the face of
appalling destitution, sweating
and other horrors that seemed to
suggest a greatest misery of the
greater number, the liberal econo-
mists and university professors
still held their ground, and the
capitalists piled up riches with the
comfortable feeling that all was
for the best.

To-day, so far from Capitalism
being generally approved it really
is considered hateful, unjust, and
generally disastrous to the com-
munity that a comparatively few
people should enjoy riches merely
by making profit out of the labor
of others.

And such enormous profits and
such huge riches ! Our picture pa-
pers, daily and weekly, are full of
illustrations of the spending of
these profits, of the way the money
goes. A steady and continuous
propaganda for social revolution
is maintained by our picture pa-
pers (and the ''movies"), and this
propaganda is not by any means
futile. The working people are
compelled to understand what
happens to the wealth created by
labor.

Now that it is at last understood
that all material wealth is created
by the application of labor to raw
material, and that only by the ap-

250

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

August

plication of labor to raw material
can we obtain food and raiment,
fuel and habitation : now, when it
is also quite clearly understood
that the riches of the capitalist
and money-lender are simply an
appropriation of a part of the
wealth which labor has created,
Capitalism appears as a stupid
and clumsy business, and the
spoils of the capitalist as incon-
venient to the despoiled as the ran-
som levied by brigands or the
"swag" of the enterprising bur-
glar to the housebroken ratepayer.

What then is to be done about
it?

A return to small industries is
improbable; world-wide trade and
exchange of commodities make
such a return too difficult even did
the minds of men regard favor-
ably a restoration of individual
ownership and private enterprise.

On a co-operative common-
wealth are the minds of many set.
A commonwealth wherein all
things socially needed shall be
produced by social co-operative
labor, and owned and distributed
by a social democracy in neighbor-
ly manner. The capitalist super-
seded by the co-operative State,
and all the necessities of life en-
sured, ample freedom will exist
for the pursuit of art and letters,
the cultivation of tastes and gar-
dens, for personal adornment,
and social relations, and for high
adventure generally.

Our trade unionists and labor
parties, with many men and women
of goodwill, seek this co-operative
commonwealth, and direct their
energies to that end. The co-opera-
tive commonwealth, if it promises
no cure for envy or ambition, for
sins of pride and passion, does at
least promise justice, and without

justice what is government buli
robbery ?

Rejecting the co-operative com,
monwealth in our plans for the'
superseding of the capitalist, whai|
is the alternative? Government by;
"big business" grows increasing!
ly stronger; the capitalists feweij
in number take larger powers oi
national control.

Do we reject the co-operativej
commonwealth in favor of an oli-j
garchy of "philanthropists," rul-j
ers of a branch business in thd
syndicate of international finance v

The "Servile State," with its
scheme of a State Socialism for all
things the capitalist finds no profit
in, is a necessary accompaniment
of government by "big business."!

To the average trade unionist,!
and to many of us to whom liberty!
is less the means to an end than 1
an end in itself, there seems nd
reasonable alternative to Capital-
ism save the co-operative common-
wealth, the social democracy.

Anarchy, the mixing of heaven
and hell in inextricable confusion,
much bloodshed and destruction,
famine, and the bitter fruits of
hatred — these things may come
upon us. They will hardly help to
a more neighborly order, and they)'
promise no deliverance from eco-
nomic bondage.

But there is no service to the
community performed by the capi-
talist that the community cannot
perform for itself. Why should not
the community supersede the capi-
talist?

~&~

— Perhaps Professor Einstein could tell
us what we made the world safe for. —
Columbia (S.C.) Record.

— Henry Ford now predicts synthetic eggs.
We've been suspecting Lizzie. Where there's
so much clucking and cackling, there should |
be an egg. — Little Rock Gazette.

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

251

Einstein's Theory and Its Philosophical Consequences-

By the Rev. John E. Rothensteiner

Whatever we may hold concern-
ing Professor Albert Einstein's
theory of the universe, one thing-
is certain, namely, that the Profes-
sor is not a charlatan, as some are
inclined to consider him, but a true
man of science and that of a high,
if not the highest, order. That he
happens to be a Jew should not
detract the least particle from his
merits, much less that he hails
from a German university. The
question is simply this: does his
theory possess any substantial
foundation in the ascertained facts
of nature, and the answer must be
in the affirmative. Not, indeed, can
it be said that the Professor has
fulfilled every condition of a work-
able hypothesis. In his regard, al-
so, the principle of relativity must
play a prominent part, as the
future discoveries of scientists
and philosophers may and proba-
bly will modify his scientific con-
clusions. Yet we believe the Ein-
stein theory itself is a forward
step towards a grander conception
of the universe than has obtained
heretofore.

Professor Einstein's theory is,
of course, based upon the results
of the scientific investigations of
his predecessors and contempora-
ries as well as upon his own. It is
not absolutely new, but seems to
sum up all the results of experi-
mental science in regard to matter,
space, and time. Time itself is de-
clared to be the fourth dimension
of space. Our judgments on time
and space are but relatively, not
absolutely, true. What to me seems
a second of time, will be more or
less than that to someone who

moves in a different manner from
me relative to the clock by which
we both make our estimates. And
in regard to space, a stick one yard
long, when at rest, is shorter than
a yard when in motion relative to
me. Time and space are not inde-
pendent of each other, as we be-
lieved; they are indissolubly con-
nected.

This marks a great revolution in
the scientific theory of the uni-
verse. From Euclid to Keppler,
from Keppler to Newton, we were
led to believe in the absolute and
invariable character of certain
fundamental laws of the universe.
The center of a circle was equi-
distant from every point of the
circumference. The sum of the
angles in a triangle was always
equal to two right angles. Upon
these assumptions all philosophical
andpractical knowledge was based.
The theory of light and the con-
cept of the solar system depended
upon these so-called laws. Now it
seems to be established by the
Einstein theory that space and
time are not absolute but relative
and variable. Indeed, as Lyndon
Bolton says in his essay on Ein-
stein's Theories of Relativity and
Gravitation, the much vaunted
laws of nature "are little more
than working hypotheses, subject
to change or alteration or enlarge-
ment or even abandonment, as
man's vision widens and deepens.
No sanctity attaches to them, and
if any one or all of them fail to
account for any part, or all of the
phenomena of the universe, then it
or they must be 'supplemented or
abandoned. ' '

252

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

August li

Applying the new theory he con-
tinues : " Absolute motion does not
exist, that is, it cannot be measur-
ed by mechanical means and only
relative motion may be detected in
this way, as all of us and every-
thing is moving all the time. The
hypothesis of relativity asserts
that there can be no such concept
as absolute position, absolute mo-
tion, absolute time ; that space and
time are interdependent, not inde-
pendent; that everything is rela-
tive to something else."

Of course, the man or woman
who would understand Einstein
must have a background of scien-
tific knowledge, have learned
scientific ways of thinking and
must have the proper vocabulary ;
but since this theory seems destin-
ed to take its place alongside of
the older Newtonian theory of
gravitation, and to modify it pro-
foundly, it becomes necessary for
every intelligent student, in order
to be in any large sense intelligent,
to fit himself to follow the general
argument for relativity, quite as
necessary indeed as for every in-
telligent person to know the differ-
ence between the Ptolemaic and
Copernican astronomies.

If Einstein's theory be well
founded, the development of our
conception of the world has found
its grand completion, as the Jesuit
Theodore "VVulf says in the final
chapter of his essay on Einstein's
Theory: "Before Copernicus the
earth was regarded as the center
of the universe. Copernicus put
the sun in its place and let the
earth revolve around him. Later
scientists discovered that the sun
also moved, and they made the
great world of the fixed stars the
immovable pole for the grand

movement of the solar ssytem. At
last, as various experiments with
light and electricity seemed to in-
dicate the universal ether as that
which is absolutely at rest, Ein-
stein boldly completed the circle
by denying the existence of ether,
and declaring all things to be in
motion, — of which motion, how-
ever, we could have no absolute,
but only relative knowledge."

The philosophical conclusion
from the premisses would then
be that all laws and facts of na-
ture are but relatively true, that
consequently the only absolute
fact and truth is the Absolute, that
is the First Cause and Prime
Mover of the Universe, God, and
the Truth He has communicated
to us by His Revelation. So
Science, which seemed to lead us
away from God, brings us back to
Him. Every brief period of
estrangement opens new vistas
into the realms of Eternal Truth.

■+—&

— The Rev. G. W. O'Toole is con-
tributing to the Canadian Freeman a
series of papers on "A Catholic Daily."
He declares that "the establishing of a
Catholic daily newspaper [in the Eng-
lish language ; for Canada already has
several French Catholic dailies] tran-
scends all other problems affecting the
Church in Canada." As necessary con-
ditions of success he lays down: The
moral support of the hierarchy, the ac-
tive support of trie clergy, a minimum
of 10,000 subscribers, a competent edi-
torial and executive staff, an adequate
news service, and sufficient capital,
made up of small shares but invested
by a large number of stockholders.
Father O'Toole shows that he has an
intelligent grasp of his subject, and we
hope he will succeed in rousing the
English-speaking Cathoh'cs of Canada
to the urgent need of a Catholic daily
press.

1921

THE FORTXIGHTLY REVIEW

Lord Bryce's "Modern Democracies'

Lord Bryce's two volumes just
published under the title, ''Modern
Democracies" (MacMillan) are
valuable for their record of facts,
but not so valuable for their gen-
eralizations.

The chapter on Liberty, as the
New Witness points out, occupies
only eight pages and is character-
ized by great naivete.

Lord Bryce regards prohibition
as the result of "a passion for
moral reform"; but he does not
praise the equally conspicuous
passion to forbid the smoking of
cigarettes and the consumption of
coffee. It seems a gross abuse of
words to describe a passion for
tyrannical interference as a pas-
sion for moral reform. Mr. Blaml
recently explained that American
politics cannot be understood with-
out reference to the fact that near-
ly all American public-school
teachers are spinsters, and that
the ordinary American male never
quite recovers from the effect of
being spanked, physically and mo-
rally, by these women in boyhood.
It seems a pity that Lord Bryce
did not discover this interesting-
fact in the course of his researches
into the recent history of the
United States. Moreover, it is real-
ly astonishing that Lord Bryce
should write the following sen-
tence in a book published in this
year of grace in Great Britain :
"But whatever the future may
bring, the freedom of thought,
speech, and writing do not seem
at present threatened. The liberty
of the press is a traditional prin-
ciple in the popular mind; demo-
cratic habits foster the sense of
personal independence and ex-

press themselves in the phrase,
'Live and let live.' "

It is all very well for Lord Bryce
to exhort democracy to "cherish
individual liberty because it is like
oxygen." He seems blind to the
fact that democracy is in fact the
worst enemy of liberty, as he
might have found out for himself
if he had read no more than the
works of his friends Professor
Dicey and the late Mr. Lecky.
Modern democracy means in prac-
tice the right of any jack-in-office
to meddle with the most intimate
concerns of any individual citizen.
Mr. Chesterton has shown that it
is more likely that during the next
twenty years no man will be able
to drink more than a certain
amount of liquor (if any), to smoke
more than a certain amount of to-
bacco (if any), or to get born or
to marry without the sanction of
the State. In America we are al-
ready more than halfway on the
road to the "Servile State."

That Lord Bryce can write one
volume of 567 pages and another
volume of 756 pages is no doubt
very creditable to his physical con-
dition at eighty; but his readers
might at least expect more than
eight pages on the subject of liber-
ty in relation to democracy, having
regard to the alarming extinction
of all liberty by the leaders of
modern democracies.

— ^-

— In the mass, men like to be called "the
great common people," but individually they
are flattered by an accusation of being
"aristocratic."

— A naturalist pleads with women to cease
wearing furs, during the summer at least,
because fur-bearing animals are being de-
stroyed so rapidly that in thirty years there
will be practically none left.

254

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

August 1

The American Farmer's Plight

By J. M. Sevenich, Editor of "Der Landmann"

The American farmer was never
able fully to shake off English de-
pendence. This may sound para-
doxical, but let us bear in mind
that until the World War Liver-
pool dictated the grain prices. For
over thirty years, the writer has
compiled weeklymarket summaries
from the current reports published
in the dailies and trade papers,
and found that day after day the
American markets followed the
trend of the Liverpool quotations,
until the World War upset the en-
tire machinery.

It is difficult to understand why
a buying nation should dictate the
market when supply and demand,
as in late years, are well balanced.
As a rule the manufacturer figures
the cost of production and sets
the price of the product; but this
right was not accorded to the Am-
erican farmer. American export-
ers and foreign importers dom-
inated the markets and held the
farmer at their mercy. With the
English it was a policy, part of
their economic programme; with
the American traders it was pure-
ly a matter of profit.

The greatest progress in the
development of American agricul-
ture began shortly after the Civil
War. During the period of stagna-
tion and depression following the
fratricidal conflict the pioneers
began to settle on the Western
plains, and in addition thousands
of immigrants came from across
the seas to take up homesteads.
The development was aided ma-
terially through new inventions,
which enabled one man to do the
work of many. The reaper, and

later the binder, preceded by the
seeder and succeeded by the sepa-
rator, deserve particular mention.
The first settlers in Wisconsin
were content with about 40 acres,
all the land they could take care
of by manual labor. The pioneers
of the far West conducted farming
on a larger scale. Their farms con-
sisted of a quarter section, a half
section, a whole section, or a num-
ber of sections of land. It is ob-
vious that, with a population about
equally divided between cities
and farming communities, and
with the individual farmer pro-
ducing enough to supply several
families besides his own, an era
of overproduction began and con-
tinued for many years.

Cheap land and cheap labor
gave us the "bonanza farmer" of
the past, who took all that the
traffic would bear and cared little
or nothing about the consequences.
One of these bonanza farmers
boasted as late as 1892 that he
could produce wheat in South
Dakota and sell it with a profit at
45c a bushel.

The surplus wheat and other
grain had to be exported, and was
most welcome in England. The
small English farmer could not
compete with the American farm-
er, and England, always selfish,
had no reason to foster agriculture
at home, for old England was out
for the world trade in manufactur-
ed goods. As a result, the small
farmers in England sold their
small holdings to the wealthy and
the nobility, who turned them into
hunting grounds. Only when it be-
came apparent that "food was to

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

255

win the war," millions of acres
of idle land in England were again
temporarily utilized for produc-
tion. The English farmer drifted
to the small cities and took his
place beside the factory worker.
English industries grew as they
had never grown before, and to
increase its foreign trade, Eng-
land expanded at every opportuni-
ty and kept the free trade agita-
tion alive in countries where it
could not gain a foothold.

The American farmer kept on
supplying the European markets,
and especially the English market,
with cheap grain, and England
paid for it with the products of its
industries. In addition, whenever
the opportunity presented itself,
England sought to demoralize the
American markets, to discourage
the American farmer from branch-
ing out in other directions not so
favorable to English industry.

It will suffice here to refer to
the wool market. England fed the
American sheep raisers to death
with Australian wool, and was able
to do it because the Australian
sheep men could freely graze their
sheep all the year round, whereas
their American competitors were
obliged to winter their sheep and
to stand the losses incident to hard
winters and shortage of feed.

Yefr, with all odds against them,
American farmers developed their
industry, now estimated at $85,-
000,000,000. This vast sum is not
clear profit, it represents, in a
large measure, hard labor not paid
for, and hard earned dollars re-
invested. Uncle Sam practically
gave away every acre of land in
his large domain, and this land,
being improved, increased in
price, not in productive value in
commercial terms. Now that the

best, and even the less desirable
agricultural land is gone, the Am-
erican farmer can no longer de-
pend on cheap land and look for-
ward to the time when the increase
in price will recompense him for
his labor. Land has become so ex-
pensive and taxation such a bur-
den that the American farmer
must look for better markets for
relief. He is aware — more than
a half century of experience has
taught him this lesson — that those
who control the markets here and
abroad are soulless robbers, and
he realizes that his only salvation
lies in the control of the markets.
In other words, he must shake off
the yoke which he has borne since
before the Declaration of Inde-
pendence was promulgated.

— Dr. Foerster, in a recent pamphlet
entitled "The League of Nations as.
a League of Culture," remarks: "From
time immemorial thoughtful French-
men have openly acknowledged that
the Germanic nature is an indispensable
counterbalance to I'esprit ganlois. The
Alsatian, H. Lichtenberger, has even
assigned this blending of French with
Germanic gifts in the Alsatians as the
prime reason why France took the loss
of Alsace so seriously. Renan, in his
letter to D. F. Strauss, pointed out
that France is necessary to the world
as a counterinfluence to pedantry,
rigorism, and dogmatism; this should
remind us Germans of the liberal
schooling which our German ponderosi-
ty once found in French grace and so-
cial customs. It was French influence
which delivered us from the human-
istic pedantry of the seventeenth cen-
tury and prepared us for the culture of
the Greeks, just as the Hellenic element
once ennobled the Roman gravitas into
humanitas." This would seem to be
eminent good sense and should be
pondered by those who give the im-
pression that certain peoples have a
monopoly of all evil traits and others
of all the good.

256

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

August li

Criminal Insanity and Capital Punishment

By the Rev. Augustine Bomholt

Dr. Wm. Hickson, of the Chi-
cago Psychopathic Laboratory,
caused quite a commotion, recently
when, in a report to Judge Trude,
he declared that criminals are
mentally unbalanced, and that, not
being responsible for their actions,
they should be segregated from
the rest of society instead of being
executed. He applies his theory
only to habitual criminals, where-
as, in matter of fact, it may be
extended to anyone who commits
a serious moral offense.

Sound philosophy teaches that
force, fear, and passion may di-
minish, nay at times entirely sus-
pend the action of the intellect
and will and that evil often pre-
sents itself to man in the guise
of goodness, and this is precisely
the reason why it is committed.
A man, e. g., sees his enemy, and
the thought suggests itself that it
would be good for him were he rid
of his enemy; so he shoots and
kills, thereby committing an act
that is condemned by sound rea-
son as well as by divine and civil
law.

Aside from the passio irascibilis,
a person possessing strong sexual
inclinations, — when he sees the ob-
ject of his desire, will go to the
limit in order to gratify his pas-
sion, committing fornication, adult-
ery, and even rape, entirely ob-
livious perhaps of the fact that
the act may lead to disgrace and
entail severe punishment. Why?
Because passion outweighs reason
and the will and, in consequence
of a mental deception, evil appears
as good.

When I was stationed in Du-
buque, a physician told me to warn
a certain man that, should he
again get delirium tremens, he

would surely die. The man promis-!
ed to quit drinking, took the'
pledge, and kept it for about six 1
months. At the expiration of that;
time he again drank excessively,
the delirium once more came upon
him, and he died. Why? Because
the poor fellow evidently thought
that drink was good for him; his
passion for drink outran both his
reason and his will.

But no one can make me believe
that a man who sacrifices the
greatest natural good he posses-
ses, his life, for the pleasure of
drinking, is of sound mind and re-
sponsible for his actions.

Boys and young men came to
me, when still in the city, with all
their troubles, which, quite fre-
quently, were serious enough, to
obtain advice and help. I would
ask: "What did you think, my
boy, when you were getting your-
self into this trouble?" "Why,
Father, I thought it was all right. ' '
"And what," I continued, "did
you think afterwards?" And the
answer was: "My God, what have
I done!" So it seems that, because
of some mental deception, and be-
cause passion dominates more or
less over reason and will, the nor-
mal action of both is impaired or
suspended whilst the wrong *s be-
ing committed. Taking this into
consideration, it is easy to explain
some things which would other-
wise remain inexplicable. Dr.
Hickson 's declaration will hardly
find favor in crime-ridden cities
because society must be protected.
What should be done is to fix the
exact degree of responsibility,
which may be higher in one case
than in another. The correct solu-
tion of this problem is and will
ever remain a very difficult matter.

1921

THE FOETNIGHTLY EEVIEW

257

The Question of Interest

In a rather superficial but all
the more cocksure communication
to America on the question of in-
terest, Conde B. Pallen, Ph. D.,
makes the following statement :

"The exercise of a little com-
mon sense in a concrete illustra-
tion, clearly shows that interest is
not only morally, economically and
socially justifiable, but necessary
in any civilized society. Savages
may get along without it, but they
also get along without clothes."

"Concrete illustrations," even
when put forward with "a little
common sense," can clear up the
status quaestionis, but cannot
prove the moral, economical, and
social justice of a matter depend-
ent on natural, divine and positive
law. We would, therefore, help out
the argument by a few proposi-
tions we have discovered in a
papal document, which is, of
course, of the highest authority
among Catholics.

The first proposition reads as
follows : "It is lawful for the lend-
er to require something above the
principal, if he bind himself not to
demand the principal for a certain
time."

The second proposition is simi-
lar in trend: "As money in the
hand is better than money on time,
and as there is no person who does
not set greater value on the pres-
ent than on the future money, the
creditor can demand something
more than the principal from the
borrower, and on that title he can
be excused from usury."

These propositions certainly
confirm our Doctor's contention
that interest is morally, economic-
ally, and socially justifiable. There
is but one weakness in them : they

are condemned propositions, —
the first one by Pope Alexander
VII, March 18, 1666, and the sec-
ond by Pope Innocent XI, March
2, 1679. At the end of the document
we read: "Whatever person of
any condition, state or dignity,
will defend or publish these propo-
sitions, or will treat of them in any
discussion, publicly or privately,
or will preach them unless it be,
perhaps, for the purpose of refut-
ing them, shall incur excommuni-
cation ipso facto, from which he
cannot, excepting in articido mor-
tis, be absolved by any other per-
son than the Roman Pontiff for
the time being."

But the Doctor may answer: A
propositio damnata is not neces-
sarily an erroneus sentence, but
may be prescribed for the time be-
ing on account of the fierce con-
troversies that rage around it.
Very w T ell ; yet the enumeration of
such a proposition among those
that are condemned as erroneous,
argues that it is at least scandal-
ous. But to give a positive decision
of the highest authority on a case
similar to the one invented by our
Doctor, we will quote from a re-
script of Pope Gregory XIII, to
William, Duke of Bavaria, May
27, 1581.

The case submitted by the Duke
was as follows : ' ' Titius in Ger-
many, having money, delivers the
same to Sempronius, for no specif-
ic purpose, but to be expended at
the debtor's option, with this
agreement that Titius have by a
pact and civil obligation a right
whilst the said money is left with
Sempronius, of receiving yearly
from the said Sempronius five
florins for every hundred, and

258

THE FOBTNIGHTLY EEVIEW

August 1

afterwards the whole capital sum
likewise. But with regard to the
time when restitution of the capi-
tal should be made, though it is
sometimes determined, it is gener-
ally left undetermined. But full
liberty is left to both Titius and
Sempronius, that whenever either
would he may rescind the contract,
giving six months' notice to the
other, the utility (interest) re-
ceived meantime not being counted
as a part of the capital. And by
virtue of the contract Titius runs
no risk of losing the yearly gain
or the capital sum; but, whether
Sempronius fructifies the capital
or not, he, Titius, has the right of
exacting from him the yearly gain
of five per cent ; and whether Sem-
pronius live or die, Titius recovers
from him or from his heirs the
capital sum; restoring no part of
what he had meantime received
[as interest]."

The Apostolic sentence was as
follows : ' ' The contract described
is usurious; for it cannot be re-
duced to any other form than
a loan-contract, with a convention
that a gain be received from the
said loan; from which it follows,
that it could not be defended by
either custom or human law, or
from any intention, however good,
of the contracting parties, whereas
it is forbidden by the divine and
natural law. Consequently, it is
unlawful for any person, either
rich or poor, or ever so miserable,
to make such a contract and to ac-
quire or retain the profit."

Thus far the Roman decision of
May 27, 1581. It would seem that
Pope Gregory XIII, who had the
reputation of being a great canon-
ist, considered it quite possible
that, not only savages, who get
along without clothes, but also

highly civilized people, could and
should get along without interest.

We do not know whence Robin-
son, who in Dr. P alien's case
loaned the $10,000 to Jones for the
improvement of the latter 's farm,
obtained such a large sum. Let us
take the case that he was a money-
lender who got the sum from vari-
ous small investors, who really
should have helped one another,
and that gratis, with their small
savings, to buy portions of Jones'
large farm; — would it have been
an injustice to Robinson if the
small investors had acted like
Christians and thus prevented him
from drawing six per cent on
money that was really not his, and
would their mutual helpfulness in
the matter of free loans to their
neighbors, even to the disadvan-
tage of both Jones and Robinson,
have been "not only morally, eco-
nomically and socially justifiable,
but necessary in any civilized so-
ciety," if civilized society is to
continue Christian?

In conclusion we will quote part
of the Bull of Sixtus V, "Detesta-
bilis avaritiae ingluvies," dated
Rome, Oct. 25, 1586 :

"We do in this our perpetual
decree reprobate and condemn all
contracts, pacts and conventions
whatever, to be made in future,
whereby it will be provided on the
part of the persons putting into
company money, animals, or any
other things whatever, that if, even
by mere accident, any injury, loss,
or damage follow, the very princi-
pal or capital be always safe and
restored in full by the managing
partner; or that he guarantee to
pay yearly, or monthly during the
existence of the company, a cer-
tain sum or quantity. We decree
that such contracts, pacts or con-

1921

THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW

2o«

ventions are henceforth to be
deemed illicit and usurious and
that for the future it shall be un-
lawful for the partners that put
into the company monies, animals
or any other articles, to agree or
stipulate for recovering a certain
profit, nor even, whether they
stipulate for a definite or indefi-
nite profit, to obligate by pact or
promise the managing partner, to
restore in full and entire the capi-
tal or principal, if by casual ac-
cidence it be lost or destroyed. ' '

We believe this ancient Catholic
doctrine is as true and applicable
to-day as it was in the days of our
fathers, and that, no matter how
deeply gangrened the wound of so-
ciety which the Church calls usury,
and the world calls interest, may
have become through long neglect
and palliation, the truth must be
told and the proper remed